ٱلْعَلَق ١
- ٱقۡرَأۡ bacalah
- بِٱسۡمِ dengan nama
- رَبِّكَ Tuhanmu
- ٱلَّذِي yang
- خَلَقَ menciptakan
Bacalah dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan.
Al-'Alaq (Gumpalan Darah)
(Bacalah) maksudnya mulailah membaca dan memulainya (dengan menyebut nama Rabbmu yang menciptakan) semua makhluk.
Tafsir Surat Al-'Alaq: 1-5
Bacalah dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhanmu Yang Menciptakan. Dia telah menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah. Bacalah, dan Tuhanmulah Yang Maha Pemurah, Yang mengajar (manusia) dengan perantaraan qalam. Dia mengajarkan kepada manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya. Imam Ahmad mengatakan, telah menceritakan kepada kami Abdur Razzaq, telah menceritakan kepada kami Ma'mar, dari Az-Zuhri, dari Urwah, dari Aisyah yang menceritakan bahwa permulaan wahyu yang disampaikan kepada Rasulullah ﷺ berupa mimpi yang benar dalam tidurnya. Dan beliau tidak sekali-kali melihat suatu mimpi, melainkan datangnya mimpi itu bagaikan sinar pagi hari.
Kemudian dijadikan baginya suka menyendiri, dan beliau sering datang ke Gua Hira, lalu melakukan ibadah di dalamnya selama beberapa malam yang berbilang dan untuk itu beliau membawa perbekalan secukupnya. Kemudian beliau pulang ke rumah Khadijah (istrinya) dan mengambil bekal lagi untuk melakukan hal yang sama. Pada suatu hari ia dikejutkan dengan datangnya wahyu saat berada di Gua Hira. Malaikat pembawa wahyu masuk ke dalam gua menemuinya, lalu berkata, "Bacalah!" Rasulullah ﷺ melanjutkan kisahnya, bahwa ia menjawabnya, "Aku bukanlah orang yang pandai membaca." Maka malaikat itu memegangku dan mendekapku sehingga aku benar-benar kepayahan olehnya, setelah itu ia melepaskan diriku dan berkata lagi, "Bacalah!" Nabi ﷺ menjawab, "Aku bukanlah orang yang pandai membaca." Malaikat itu kembali mendekapku untuk kedua kalinya hingga benar-benar aku kepayahan, lalu melepaskan aku dan berkata, "Bacalah!" Aku menjawab, "Aku bukanlah orang yang pandai membaca." Malaikat itu kembali mendekapku untuk ketiga kalinya hingga aku benar-benar kepayahan, lalu dia melepaskan aku dan berkata: Bacalah dengan (menyebut) nama Tuhanmu Yang Menciptakan. (Al-'Alaq: 1) sampai dengan firman-Nya: apa yang tidak diketahuinya. (Al-'Alaq: 5) Maka setelah itu Nabi ﷺ pulang dengan hati yang gemetar hingga masuk menemui Khadijah, lalu bersabda: Selimutilah aku, selimutilah aku! Maka mereka menyelimutinya hingga rasa takutnya lenyap.
Lalu setelah rasa takutnya lenyap, Khadijah bertanya, "Mengapa engkau?" Maka Nabi ﷺ menceritakan kepadanya kejadian yang baru dialaminya dan bersabda, "Sesungguhnya aku merasa takut terhadap (keselamatan) diriku." Khadijah berkata, "Tidak demikian, bergembiralah engkau, maka demi Allah, Dia tidak akan mengecewakanmu selama-lamanya. Sesungguhnya engkau adalah orang yang suka bersilaturahmi, benar dalam berbicara, suka menolong orang yang kesusahan, gemar menghormati tamu, dan membantu orang-orang yang tertimpa musibah." Kemudian Khadijah membawanya kepada Waraqah ibnu Naufal ibnu Asad ibnu Abdul Uzza ibnu Qusay.
Waraqah adalah saudara sepupu Khadijah dari pihak ayahnya, dan dia adalah seorang yang telah masuk agama Nasrani di masa Jahiliah dan pandai menulis Arab, lalu ia menerjemahkan kitab Injil ke dalam bahasa Arab seperti apa yang telah ditakdirkan oleh Allah, dan dia adalah seorang yang telah lanjut usia dan tuna netra. Khadijah bertanya, "Wahai anak pamanku, dengarlah apa yang dikatakan oleh anak saudaramu ini." Waraqah bertanya, "Wahai anak saudaraku, apakah yang telah engkau lihat?" Maka Nabi ﷺ menceritakan kepadanya apa yang telah dialami dan dilihatnya.
Setelah itu Waraqah berkata, "Dialah Namus (Malaikat Jibril) yang pernah turun kepada Musa. Aduhai, sekiranya diriku masih muda. Dan aduhai, sekiranya diriku masih hidup di saat kaummu mengusirmu." Rasulullah ﷺ memotong pembicaraan, "Apakah benar mereka akan mengusirku?" Waraqah menjawab, "Ya, tidak sekali-kali ada seseorang lelaki yang mendatangkan hal seperti apa yang engkau sampaikan, melainkan ia pasti dimusuhi. Dan jika aku dapat menjumpai harimu itu, maka aku akan menolongmu dengan pertolongan yang sekuat-kuatnya." Tidak lama kemudian Waraqah wafat, dan wahyu pun terhenti untuk sementara waktu hingga Rasulullah ﷺ merasa sangat sedih.
Menurut berita yang sampai kepada kami, karena kesedihannya yang sangat, maka berulang kali ia mencoba untuk menjatuhkan dirinya dari puncak bukit yang tinggi. Akan tetapi, setiap kali beliau sampai di puncak bukit untuk menjatuhkan dirinya dari atasnya, maka Jibril menampakkan dirinya dan berkata kepadanya, "Wahai Muhammad, sesungguhnya engkau adalah utusan Allah yang sebenarnya," maka tenanglah hati beliau karena berita itu, lalu kembali pulang ke rumah keluarganya.
Dan manakala wahyu datang terlambat lagi, maka beliau berangkat untuk melakukan hal yang sama. Tetapi bila telah sampai di puncak bukit, kembali Malaikat Jibril menampakkan diri kepadanya dan mengatakan kepadanya hal yang sama. Hadits ini diketengahkan di dalam kitab Sahihain melalui Az-Zuhri; dan kami telah membicarakan tentang hadits ini ditinjau dari segi sanad, matan, dan maknanya pada permulaan kitab syarah kami, yaitu Syarah Bukhari dengan pembahasan yang lengkap.
Maka bagi yang ingin mendapatkan keterangan lebih lanjut, dipersilakan untuk merujuk kepada kitab itu, semuanya tertulis di sana. Mula-mula wahyu Al-Qur'an yang diturunkan adalah ayat-ayat ini yang mulia lagi diberkati, ayat-ayat ini merupakan permulaan rahmat yang diturunkan oleh Allah karena kasih sayang kepada hamba-hamba-Nya, dan merupakan nikmat yang mula-mula diberikan oleh Allah kepada mereka. Di dalam surat ini terkandung peringatan yang menggugah manusia kepada asal mula penciptaan manusia, yaitu dari 'alaqah.
Dan bahwa di antara kemurahan Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala ialah Dia telah mengajarkan kepada manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya. Hal ini berarti Allah telah memuliakan dan menghormati manusia dengan ilmu. Dan ilmu merupakan bobot tersendiri yang membedakan antara Abul Basyar (Adam) dengan malaikat. Ilmu itu adakalanya berada di hati, adakalanya berada di lisan, adakalanya pula berada di dalam tulisan tangan. Berarti ilmu itu mencakup tiga aspek, yaitu di hati, di lisan, dan di tulisan. Sedangkan yang di tulisan membuktikan adanya penguasaan pada kedua aspek lainnya, tetapi tidak sebaliknya.
Karena itulah disebutkan dalam firman-Nya: Bacalah, dan Tuhanmulah Yang Maha Penmrah, Yang mengajar (manusia) dengan perantaraan qalam. Dia mengajarkan kepada manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya. (Al-'Alaq: 3-5) Di dalam sebuah atsar disebutkan, "Ikatlah ilmu dengan tulisan." Dan masih disebutkan pula dalam atsar, bahwa barang siapa yang mengamalkan ilmu yang dikuasainya, maka Allah akan memberikan kepadanya ilmu yang belum diketahuinya.".
Wahai Nabi, bacalah apa yang Allah wahyukan kepadamu dengan terlebih dahulu menyebut nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan segala sesuatu dengan keesaan-Nya. 2. Dia telah menciptakan manusia yang sempurna bentuk dan pengetahuannya dari segumpal darah, sebagai kelanjutan dari fase nutfah. Setelah itu berturut-turut akan terbentuk sekepal daging, tulang, pelapisan tulang dengan daging, dan peniupan roh.
Allah memerintahkan manusia membaca (mempelajari, meneliti, dan sebagainya.) apa saja yang telah Ia ciptakan, baik ayat-ayat-Nya yang tersurat (qauliyah), yaitu Al-Qur'an, dan ayat-ayat-Nya yang tersirat, maksudnya alam semesta (kauniyah). Membaca itu harus dengan nama-Nya, artinya karena Dia dan mengharapkan pertolongan-Nya. Dengan demikian, tujuan membaca dan mendalami ayat-ayat Allah itu adalah diperolehnya hasil yang diridai-Nya, yaitu ilmu atau sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi manusia.
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SURAH AL-‘ALAQ
(SEGUMPAL DARAH)
SURAH KE-96
19 AYAT, DITURUNKAN DI MEKAH
Dengan nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah lagi Pengasih.
Ayat 1
“Bacalah! Dengan nama Tuhanmu yang telah mencipta." (ayat 1)
Dalam suku pertama saja, yaitu “bacalah", telah terbuka kepentingan pertama dalam perkembangan agama ini selanjutnya. Nabi ﷺ disuruh membaca wahyu akan diturunkan kepada beliau itu di atas nama Allah, Tuhan yang telah mencipta.
Ayat 2
Yaitu, “Menciptakan manusia dari segumpal darah." (ayat 2)
Sesudah nuthfah, yaitu segumpal air yang telah berpadu dari mani si laki-laki dengan mani si perempuan, yaitu setelah empat puluh hari lamanya, air itu telah menjelma jadi segumpal darah, dan dari segumpal darah itu kelak akan menjelma pula menjadi segumpal daging (mudhghah). Syekh Muhammad Abduh di dalam Tafsir Juz ‘Amma menerangkan, “Yaitu Allah yang Mahakuasa menjadikan manusia dari air mani, menjelma jadi darah segumpal, kemudian jadi manusia penuh, niscaya kuasa pula menimbulkan kesanggupan membaca pada seorang yang selama ini dikenal ummiy, tak pandai membaca dan menulis.“
Ayat 3
“Bacalah! Dan Tuhan engkau itu adalah Mahamulia." (ayat 3)
Nama Allah yang selalu diambil jadi sandaran hidup itu ialah Allah Yang Mahamulia, Mahadermawan, Mahakasih dan Sayang kepada makhluk-Nya;
Ayat 4
“Dia yang mengajarkan dengan qalam." (ayat 4)
Diajarkan-Nya kepada manusia berbagai ilmu, dibuka-Nya berbagai rahasia, diserahkan-Nya berbagai kunci untuk pembuka perbendaharaan ilmu Allah, yaitu dengan qalam atau pena! Di samping lidah untuk membaca, Allah pun menakdirkan pula bahwa ilmu pengetahuan dapat dicatat. Pena adalah beku dan kaku, tidak hidup, namun yang dituliskan oleh pena itu adalah berbagai hal yang dapat dipahamkan oleh manusia;
Ayat 5
“Mengajari manusia apa-apa yang dia tidak tahu." (ayat 5)
Tafsir of Surah Al-Alaq
Allah Says;
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ
خَلَقَ الاِْنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ
Read! In the Name of your Lord Who created.
He has created man from a clot.
The Honor and Nobility of Man is in His Knowledge
These Ayat inform of the beginning of man's creation from a dangling clot, and that out of Allah's generosity He taught man that which he did not know. Thus, Allah exalted him and honored him by giving him knowledge, and it is the dignity that the Father of Humanity, Adam, was distinguished with over the angels. Knowledge sometimes is in the mind, sometimes on the tongue, and sometimes in writing with the fingers. Thus, it may be intellectual, spoken and written. And while the last (written) necessitates the first two (intellectual and spoken), the reverse is not true.
For this reason Allah says,
اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الاَْكْرَمُ
الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ
عَلَّمَ الاِْنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ
Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught by the pen.
He has taught man that which he knew not.
There is a narration that states,
Record knowledge by writing.
There is also a saying which states,
Whoever acts according to what he knows, Allah will make him inherit knowledge that he did not know.
Allah says;
كَلَّ إِنَّ الاِْنسَانَ لَيَطْغَى
أَن رَّاهُ اسْتَغْنَى
Nay! Verily, man does transgress.
Because he considers himself self-sufficient.
The Threat against Man's Transgression for the sake of Wealth
Allah informs that man is very pleased, most evil, scornful and transgressive when he considers himself self-sufficient and having an abundance of wealth. Then Allah threatens, warns and admonishes him in His saying,
إِنَّ إِلَى رَبِّكَ الرُّجْعَى
Surely, unto your Lord is the return.
meaning, `unto Allah is the final destination and return, and He will hold you accountable for your wealth, as to where you obtained it from and how did you spend it.'
Scolding of Abu Jahl and the Threat of seizing Him
Then Allah says,
أَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِي يَنْهَى
عَبْدًا إِذَا صَلَّى
Have you seen him who prevents. A servant when he prays?
This was revealed about Abu Jahl, may Allah curse him. He threatened the Prophet for performing Salah at the Ka`bah. Thus, Allah firstly admonished him with that which was better by saying,
أَرَأَيْتَ إِن كَانَ عَلَى الْهُدَى
Have you seen if he is on the guidance?
meaning, `do you think this man whom you are preventing is upon the straight path in his action, or
أَوْ أَمَرَ بِالتَّقْوَى
Or enjoins Taqwa. in his statements.
Yet, you rebuke him and threaten him due to his prayer.'
Thus, Allah says,
أَلَمْ يَعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَ
Knows he not that Allah sees.
meaning, doesn't this person who is preventing this man who is following correct guidance know that Allah sees him and hears his words, and He will compensate him in full for what he has done
Then Allah says by way of warning and threatening
كَلَّ لَيِن لَّمْ يَنتَه
Nay! If he ceases not,
meaning, if he does not recant from his discord and obstinacy,
لَنَسْفَعًا بِالنَّاصِيَةِ
We will scorch his forehead.
meaning, `indeed We will make it extremely black on the Day of Judgement.'
Then He says,
نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِيَةٍ
A lying, sinful forehead!
meaning, the forehead of Abu Jahl is lying in its statements and sinful in its actions.
فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَه
Then let him call upon his council.
meaning, his people and his tribe. In other words, let him call them in order to seek help from them.
سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ
We will call out the guards of Hell!
`And they are the angels of torment. This is so that he may know who will win -- Our group or his group'
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abbas said, Abu Jahl said,
`If I see Muhammad praying at the Ka`bah, I will stomp on his neck.'
So this reached the Prophet , who said,
لَيِنْ فَعَلَ لَاَخَذَتْهُ الْمَلَيِكَة
If he does, he will be seized by the angels.
This Hadith was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i in their Books of Tafsir.
Likewise, it has been recorded by Ibn Jarir. Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Jarir, all recorded it from Ibn `Abbas with the following wording:
The Messenger of Allah was praying at the Maqam (prayer station of Ibrahim) when Abu Jahl bin Hisham passed by him and said,
`O Muhammad! Haven't I prevented you from this'
He threatened the Prophet and thus, the Messenger of Allah became angry with him and reprimanded him.
Then he said,
`O Muhammad! What can you threaten me with By Allah, I have the most kinsmen of this valley with me in the large.'
Then Allah revealed,
فَلْيَدْعُ نَادِيَهُ
سَنَدْعُ الزَّبَانِيَةَ
Then let him call upon his council. We will call out the guards of Hell!
Ibn `Abbas then said,
If he had called his people, the angels of torment would have seized him at that very instant.
At-Tirmidhi said, Hasan Sahih.
Ibn Jarir recorded from Abu Hurayrah that Abu Jahl said, Does Muhammad cover his face with dust (i.e., from prostration) while he is among you all
They (the people) replied, Yes.
Then he said, By Al-Lat and Al-`Uzza, if I see him praying like this, I will stomp on his neck, and I will certainly put his face in the dust.
So the Messenger of Allah came and he began praying, which made it possible for Abu Jahl to stomp on his neck. Then the people became surprised at him (Abu Jahl) because he began retreating on his heels and covering himself with his hands.
Then it was said to him, What's the matter with you
He replied, Verily, between me and him is a ditch of fire, monsters and wings.
Then the Messenger of Allah said,
لَوْ دَنَا مِنِّي لَاخْتَطَفَتْهُ الْمَلَيِكَةُ عُضْوًا عُضْوًا
If he had come near me, the angels would have snatched him limb by limb.
The narrator added;
Allah revealed an Ayah, but I do not know whether it is concerning the Hadith of Abu Hurayrah or not:
كَلَّ إِنَّ الاِنسَـنَ لَيَطْغَى
Nay! Verily, man does transgress. to the end of the Surah.
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal, Muslim, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Abi Hatim all recorded this Hadith.
Amusement for the Prophet
Then Allah says
كَلَّ لَا تُطِعْهُ
Nay! Do not obey him.
meaning, `O Muhammad! Do not obey him in what he is forbidding from such as steadfastness in worship and performing worship in abundance. Pray wherever you wish and do not worry about him. For indeed Allah will protect you and help you, and He will defend you against the people.'
وَاسْجُدْ وَاقْتَرِبْ
Fall prostrate and draw near (to Allah)!)
This is just like what has been confirmed in the Sahih of Muslim on the authority of Abu Salih who reported from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said,
أَقْرَبُ مَا يَكُونُ الْعَبْدُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ فَأَكْثِرُوا الدُّعَاء
The closest that a servant can be to his Lord is when he is in prostration. Therefore, make abundant supplications (i.e., while prostrating).
It has also been mentioned previously that the Messenger of Allah used to prostrate when he recited
إِذَا السَّمَأءُ انشَقَّتْ
When the heaven is split asunder. (84:1)
and,
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ
Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created. (96:1)
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-`Alaq. Unto Allah is due all praise and thanks, and He is the Giver of success and protection against error.
Al-'Alaq (the Blood-Clot)
Meccan, consisting of 19 verses; from the beginning of it up to [the verse] what he did not know, was the first of Al-Qur'an to be revealed, in the cave at Hiraa', as reported by al-Bukhaaree.
Recite, bring recitation into existence, beginning with: In the Name of your Lord Who created, all creatures;
Beginning of The Qur’ anic Revelation
It is universally agreed that the first five verses of Surah Al-` Alaq or Iqra' mark the very beginning of Qur’ anic revelation. [ Baghawi ]. Bukhari, Muslim, other authentic sources and overwhelming consensus of scholars, ancient and modern, all concur on this point. However, some scholars state that Surah Al-Muddaththir was the first Surah to be revealed, and yet others say that Surah Al-Fatihah [ The Opening ] was revealed first. It is possible to reconcile between these different views as follows: After the revelation of Surah Al-` Alaq or Iqra', there was a temporary break in the revelation during which the Holy Prophet used to be very sad, but after some time, the Angel Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) appeared to him once again, and he faced the same situation as he faced when the first verses of Surah Iqra' were revealed to him. On this occasion, the opening verses of Surah Al-Muddaththir were conveyed to him by the angel. From this point of view, it may be said that the first Surah to be revealed after the temporary break was Surah Al-Muddaththir. Some of the Companions held the view that Surah Al-Fatihah was the first Surah to be revealed. They probably meant to say that this was the first Surah to be revealed in a complete form. Undoubtedly, some verses (of Surahs Al-` Alaq or Iqra', Al-Muzzammil and Al-Muddaththir) were revealed earlier, but the rest of the verses of those Surahs were revealed at later dates. Al-Fatihah is the first Surah that was revealed to the Holy Prophet ﷺ in its entirety, all seven verses at once. [ Mazhari ]
The Holy Prophet's ﷺ First Experience of Revelation
In a lengthy narration, as recorded in the Sahihs of Bukhari and Muslim, the Mother of the Faithful, Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ says that revelation to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was started by true dreams. Whatever he ﷺ in a dream would happen in reality as clearly as the light of dawn. Then solitude became dear to him, and he used to seclude himself for worship in the cave Ha', (a cave in the mount known today as 'Jabal-un-Nur, which is clearly visible in front of Jannat-ul-Ma` la, the famous graveyard of Makkah) and therein he devoted himself to Divine worship for several nights before he came back to his family and took provisions for his retirement; then he would return to the Mother of the Faithful, Sayyidah Khadijah ؓ and take more provisions for a similar period. (The period of his stay in the cave is mentioned differently by different reports, but the report of sahihain maintains that it was a month, the whole month of Ramadan. Authentic traditions are silent about the mode of worship he adopted during this period. Some scholars have opined that he used to worship according to the Shari` ah of Nuh, Ibrahim and ` Isa (علیہم السلام) but neither any authentic report supports it, nor is it likely, because he was an 'ummiyy (unlettered). It is, therefore, more likely that his worship was concentration and reflection on Allah Almighty and His omnipotence until the Truth, that is, the revelation came to him while he was in the cave of Hira'; so the angel came to him and said, اِقرَا 'Read'. The Holy Prophet replied, ما انا بقاری 'I am not the one who can read'. (The Holy Prophet was under the impression that he was directing him to read a written document. Since the Holy Prophet ﷺ could not read or write, he replied accordingly.) Then the angel embraced him and pressed him so hard that he felt extreme pain, then he released him and said, اِقرَا 'Read'. The Holy Prophet ﷺ replied, 'I am not the one who can read'. Then he embraced him and pressed him a second time so hard that he felt extreme pain, then he released him again and said, اِقرَا 'Read'. The Holy Prophet ﷺ replied ما انا بقاری ، 'I am not the one who can read'. Then he embraced the Holy Prophet ﷺ and pressed him a third time, then he released him and said,
اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ ﴿1﴾ خَلَقَ الْإِنسَانَ مِنْ عَلَقٍ ﴿2﴾ اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ ﴿3﴾ الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ ﴿4﴾ عَلَّمَ الْإِنسَانَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ ﴿5﴾
'Read with the Name of your Lord Who created [ everything ], He created man from a clot of blood. Read, and your Lord is the most gracious, who imparted knowledge by means of the Pen. He taught man what he did not know.'
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned with this message [ of five verses ] while his heart trembled and he came to Sayyidah Khadijah ؓ saying زمّلونی زمّلونی 'wrap me up, wrap me up', and she wrapped him up, until the awe left him. (It should be noted that the fear felt by the Holy Prophet ﷺ was due to the great responsibility delegated to him, and due to the unusual event of seeing an angel in his original form.)
Then he said to Sayyidah Khadijah ؓ عنہا while he related to her what had happened: "I feared for myself." Sayyidah Khadijah ؓ said: 'Nay, by Allah, Allah will never expose you to disgrace, because you unite the ties of kinship, and bear the burden of the weak, and earn for the destitute, and offer hospitality to the guests, and help (people) in real distress.'
Then Sayyidah Khadijah ؓ took him to her cousin, Waraqah Ibn Naufal. He was a man who had adopted Christianity (which was a true religion at that time) during the days of Ignorance, and he used to write the Hebrew script, and translate it into Arabic. He was a very old man who had turned blind. Sayyidah Khadijah ؓ said to him, 0 Uncle's son! Listen to your brother's son. Waraqah asked him, My brother's son! What have you seen? So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ related to him what he had seen. Waraqah said to him, This is the very same confidant [ angel Jibra'il (علیہ السلام) ] whom Allah sent to Holy Prophet Musa (علیہ السلام) ; would that I were a young man at this time - would that I were alive when your people would expel you! The Messenger of Allah ﷺ asked in surprise, Will they expel me?" He replied. Yes; never has a man appeared with the like of that which you have brought, but he has been held in enmity; and if your time finds me alive, I shall help you with the fullest support. After that, not much time had passed before Waraqah died, and the revelation broke off temporarily. [ Bukhari and Muslim ]
The temporary break of revelation, according to Suhaili, lasted for about a year and half. Other reports say that it lasted to about three years. [ Mazhari ]
Verse [ 1] اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (Read with the Name of your Lord, Who created [ everything ]) In the prepositional phrase bismi rabbika [ with the name of your Lord ], the addition of the word ismi is significant in two ways [ 1] that whenever the Qur'an is being recited, the reader should begin by reciting the formula , بسم اللہ الرحمٰن الرحیم "With the name of Allah, the All-Merciful, the Very-Merciful". When Jibra'il Amin (علیہ السلام) suddenly appeared to the Holy Prophet ﷺ and said 'iqra' (read) , he tendered apology that he is unable to read or recite, because he is unlettered. The phrase b-ismi rabbika points to the fact that under present circumstances you, 0 Holy Prophet ﷺ ، may be 'ummiyy' or unlettered, but Allah has the power to grant you the highest level of knowledge, the most elegant style of oration and eloquence, so that you would surpass and subdue the most educated or literate people, as it became manifest later on. [ Mazhari ]. [ 2] Allah has many Beautiful Names, but the blessed name rabb is particularly chosen in the verse here probably because it supports and emphasizes the theme that Allah cherishes and sustains the Holy Prophet through all the different stages of his development, until he is fully consummated. He can make him read and recite, despite being unlettered. In the relative clause al-ladhi khalaqa [ Who created ], particularly contains the Divine attribute of takhliq [ creating ] presumably because the first Divine favor is wujud or 'existence' as a result of His drawing out beings from the realm of non-existence into the realm of existence. Many other favors of His follow. The verb khalaqa [ created ] is transitive and it requires an object that is absent here. This indicates the verb is used absolutely, and it signifies that the Creator has created the entire universe and every existent thing it contains.