Al-Anfal: 45

Ayah

Word by Word

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا

O you

ٱلَّذِينَ

who

ءَامَنُوٓاْ

believe

إِذَا

When

لَقِيتُمۡ

you meet

فِئَةٗ

a force

فَٱثۡبُتُواْ

then be firm

وَٱذۡكُرُواْ

and remember

ٱللَّهَ

Allah

كَثِيرٗا

much

لَّعَلَّكُمۡ

so that you may

تُفۡلِحُونَ

(be) successful

Translation

O ye who believe! When ye meet a force, be firm, and call Allah in remembrance much (and often); that ye may prosper:

Tafsir

Manners of War

Allah says;

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ إِذَا لَقِيتُمۡ فِيَةً فَاثۡبُتُواۡ وَاذۡكُرُواۡ اللّهَ كَثِيرًا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلَحُونَ

O you who believe! When you meet (an enemy) force, take a firm stand against them and remember Allah much, so that you may be successful.

Allah instructs His faithful servants in the manners of fighting and methods of courage when meeting the enemy in battle,

In the Two Sahihs, it is recorded that;

Abdullah bin Abi Awfa said that during one battle, Allah's Messenger waited until the sun declined, then stood among the people and said,

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَاا تَتَمَنَّوۡا لِقَاءَ الۡعَدُوِّ واسۡأَلُوا اللهَ الۡعَافِيَةَ فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمۡ فَاصۡبِرُوا وَاعۡلَمُوا أَنَّ الۡجَنَّةَ تَحۡتَ ظِلَالِ السُّيُوف

O people! Do not wish to face the enemy (in a battle) and ask Allah to save you (from calamities). But if you should face the enemy, then be patient and let it be known to you that Paradise is under the shadows of the swords.

He then stood and said,

اللَّهُمَّ مُنۡزِلَ الۡكِتَابِ وَمُجۡرِي السَّحَابِ وَهَازِمَ الاَۡحۡزَابِ اهۡزِمۡهُمۡ وَانۡصُرۡنَا عَلَيۡهِم

O Allah! Revealer of the (Holy) Book, Mover of the clouds, and Defeater of the Confederates, defeat them and grant us victory over them.

The Command for Endurance when the Enemy Engaging

Allah commands endurance upon meeting the enemy in battle and ordains patience while fighting them. Muslims are not allowed to run or shy away, or show cowardice in battle.

They are commanded to remember Allah while in that condition and never neglect His remembrance. They should rather invoke Him for support, trust in Him and seek victory over their enemies from Him. They are required to obey Allah and His Messenger in such circumstances adhering to what He commanded them, and abstaining from what He forbade them

وَأَطِيعُواۡ اللّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَا تَنَازَعُواۡ فَتَفۡشَلُواۡ وَتَذۡهَبَ رِيحُكُمۡ

And obey Allah and His Messenger, and do not dispute (with one another) lest you lose courage and your strength departs,

They are required to avoid disputing with each other, for this might lead to their defeat and failure,

وَتَذْهَبَ رِيحُكُمْ. (lest your strength departs), so that your strength, endurance and courage do not depart from you,

وَاصۡبِرُواۡ إِنَّ اللّهَ مَعَ الصَّابِرِينَ

and be patient. Surely, Allah is with the patients.

In their courage, and obedience to Allah and His Messenger, the Companions reached a level never seen before by any nation or generation before them, or any nation that will ever come.

Through the blessing of the Messenger and their obedience to what he commanded, the Companions were able to open the hearts, as well as, the various eastern and western parts of the world in a rather short time. This occurred even though they were few, compared to the armies of the various nations at that time. For example, the Romans, Persians, Turks, Slavs, Berbers, Ethiopians, Sudanese tribes, the Copts and the rest of the Children of Adam. They defeated all of these nations, until Allah's Word became the highest and His religion became dominant above all religions.

The Islamic state spread over the eastern and western parts of the world in less than thirty years. May Allah grant them His pleasure, as well as, be pleased with them all, and may He gather us among them, for He is the Most Generous, and Giving

The Idolators leave Makkah, heading for Badr

Allah says;

وَلَا تَكُونُواۡ كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُواۡ مِن دِيَارِهِم بَطَرًا وَرِيَاء النَّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللّهِ

And be not like those who come out of their homes boastfully and to be seen of men, and hinder (men) from the path of Allah;

After Allah commanded the believers to fight in His cause sincerely and to be mindful of Him, He commanded not to imitate the idolators, who went out of their homes

بَطَرًا

(boastfully) to suppress the truth,

وَرِيَاء النَّاسِ

(and to be seen of men), boasting arrogantly with people.

When Abu Jahl was told that the caravan escaped safely, so they should return to Makkah, he commented, ""No, by Allah! We will not go back until we proceed to the well of Badr, slaughter camels, drink alcohol and female singers sing to us. This way, the Arabs will always talk about our stance and what we did on that day.""

However, all of this came back to haunt Abu Jahl, because when they proceeded to the well of Badr, they brought themselves to death; and in the aftermath of Badr, they were thrown in the well of Badr, dead, disgraced, humiliated, despised and miserable in an everlasting, eternal torment. This is why Allah said here,

وَاللّهُ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ

and Allah is Muhit (encompassing and thoroughly comprehending) all that they do.

He knows how and what they came for, and this is why He made them taste the worst punishment.

Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak and As-Suddi commented on Allah's statement,

وَلَا تَكُونُواۡ كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُواۡ مِن دِيَارِهِم بَطَرًا وَرِيَاء النَّاسِ

(And be not like those who come out of their homes boastfully and to be seen of men),

""They were the idolators who fought against the Messenger of Allah at Badr.""

Muhammad bin Ka`b said,

""When the Quraysh left Makkah towards Badr, they brought female singers and drums along. Allah revealed this verse,

وَلَا تَكُونُواۡ كَالَّذِينَ خَرَجُواۡ مِن دِيَارِهِم بَطَرًا وَرِيَاء النَّاسِ وَيَصُدُّونَ عَن سَبِيلِ اللّهِ وَاللّهُ بِمَا يَعۡمَلُونَ مُحِيطٌ

And be not like those who come out of their homes boastfully and to be seen of men, and hinder (men) from the path of Allah; and Allah is Muhit (encompassing and thoroughly comprehending) all that they do.

Shaytan makes Evil seem fair and deceives the Idolators

Allah said next

وَإِذۡ زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيۡطَانُ أَعۡمَالَهُمۡ وَقَالَ لَا غَالِبَ لَكُمُ الۡيَوۡمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَإِنِّي جَارٌ لَّكُمۡ

And (remember) when Shaytan made their (evil) deeds seem fair to them and said, ""No one of mankind can overcome you today and verily, I am your neighbor.""

Shaytan, may Allah curse him, made the idolators' purpose for marching seem fair to them. He made them think that no other people could defeat them that day. He also ruled out the possibility that their enemies, the tribe of Bani Bakr, would attack Makkah, saying, ""I am your neighbor.""

Shaytan appeared to them in the shape of Suraqah bin Malik bin Ju`shum, the chief of Bani Mudlij, so that, as Allah described them,

يَعِدُهُمۡ وَيُمَنِّيهِمۡ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمۡ الشَّيۡطَـنُ إِلاَّ غُرُوراً

He (Shaytan) makes promises to them, and arouses in them false desires; and Shaytan's promises are nothing but deceptions. (4:120)

فَلَمَّا تَرَاءتِ الۡفِيَتَانِ نَكَصَ عَلَى عَقِبَيۡهِ وَقَالَ إِنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِّنكُمۡ

But when the two forces came in sight of each other, he ran away and said:""Verily, I have nothing to do with you.

Ibn Jurayj said that Ibn Abbas commented on this Ayah,

""On the day of Badr, Shaytan, as well as, his flag holder and soldiers, accompanied the idolators. He whispered to the hearts of the idolators, `None can defeat you today! I am your neighbor.' When they met the Muslims and Shaytan witnessed the angels coming to their aid,

نَكَصَ عَلَى عَقِبَيۡهِ

(he ran away), he went away in flight while proclaiming,

إِنِّي أَرَى مَا لَا تَرَوۡنَ

(Verily, I see what you see not).""

Ali bin Abi Talhah said, that Ibn Abbas said about this Ayah,

لَا غَالِبَ لَكُمُ الۡيَوۡمَ مِنَ النَّاسِ وَإِنِّي جَارٌ لَّكُمۡ

(No one of mankind can overcome you today and verily, I am your neighbor),

""Shaytan, as well as, his devil army and flag holders, came on the day of Badr in the shape of a Suraqah bin Malik bin Ju`shum, man from Bani Mudlij, Shaytan said to idolators, `None will defeat you this day, and I will help you.'

When the two armies stood face to face, the Messenger of Allah took a handful of sand and threw it at the faces of the idolators, causing them to retreat.

Jibril, peace be upon him, came towards Shaytan, but when Shaytan, while holding the hand of a Mushrik man, ﷺ him, he withdrew his hand and ran away with his soldiers. That man asked him, `O Suraqah! You claimed that you are our neighbor!' He said,

إِنِّي أَرَى مَا لَا تَرَوۡنَ إِنِّيَ أَخَافُ اللّهَ وَاللّهُ شَدِيدُ الۡعِقَابِ

Verily, I see what you see not. Verily, I fear Allah for Allah is severe in punishment.

Shaytan said this when he ﷺ the angels.""

The Position of the Hypocrites in Badr

Allah said next

إِذۡ يَقُولُ الۡمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ غَرَّ هَـوُلاء دِينُهُمۡ

When the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was a disease (of disbelief) said:""These people (Muslims) are deceived by their religion.""

Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn Abbas commented,

""When the two armies drew closer to each other, Allah made the Muslims look few in the eyes of the idolators and the idolators look few in the eyes of the Muslims. The idolators said,

غَرَّ هَـوُلاء دِينُهُمۡ

(These people (Muslims) are deceived by their religion), because they thought that Muslims were so few. They believed, without doubt, that they would defeat the Muslims. Allah said,

وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى اللّهِ فَإِنَّ اللّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ

(But whoever puts his trust in Allah, then surely, Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise).

Qatadah commented,

""They ﷺ a group of believers who came in defense of Allah's religion. We were informed that when he ﷺ Muhammad and his Companions, Abu Jahl said, `By Allah! After this day, they will never worship Allah!' He said this in viciousness and transgression.""

Amir Ash-Sha`bi said,

""Some people from Makkah were considering embracing Islam, but when they went with the idolators to Badr and ﷺ how few the Muslims were, they said,

غَرَّ هَـوُلاء دِينُهُمۡ

(These people (Muslims) are deceived by their religion).""

Allah said next,

وَمَن يَتَوَكَّلۡ عَلَى اللّهِ

But whoever puts his trust in Allah,

and relies on His grace,

فَإِنَّ اللّهَ عَزِيزٌ

then surely, Allah is All-Mighty,

and verily, those who take His side (in the dispute) are never overwhelmed, for His side is mighty, powerful and His authority is All-Great,

حَكِيمٌ

All-Wise.

in all His actions, for He places everything in its rightful place, giving victory to those who deserve it and defeat to those who deserve it."

Al-Anfal: 45

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