As-Saf: 5

Ayah

Word by Word

وَإِذۡ

And when

قَالَ

said

مُوسَىٰ

Musa

لِقَوۡمِهِۦ

to his people

يَٰقَوۡمِ

O my people

لِمَ

Why

تُؤۡذُونَنِي

do you hurt me

وَقَد

while certainly

تَّعۡلَمُونَ

you know

أَنِّي

that I am

رَسُولُ

(the) Messenger

ٱللَّهِ

(of) Allah

إِلَيۡكُمۡۖ

to you

فَلَمَّا

Then when

زَاغُوٓاْ

they deviated

أَزَاغَ

(was caused to) deviate

ٱللَّهُ

(by) Allah

قُلُوبَهُمۡۚ

their hearts

وَٱللَّهُ

And Allah

لَا

(does) not

يَهۡدِي

guide

ٱلۡقَوۡمَ

the people

ٱلۡفَٰسِقِينَ

the defiantly disobedient

Translation

And remember, Moses said to his people: "O my people! why do ye vex and insult me, though ye know that I am the messenger of Allah (sent) to you?" Then when they went wrong, Allah let their hearts go wrong. For Allah guides not those who are rebellious transgressors.

Tafsir

Musa admonishes His People for annoying Him

Allah states,

وَإِذۡ قَالَ مُوسَى لِقَوۡمِهِ يَا قَوۡمِ

And when Musa said to his people:O my people!

Allah states that His servant and Messenger Musa, son of Imran, to whom Allah spoke directly, said to his people,

لِمَ تُوۡذُونَنِي وَقَد تَّعۡلَمُونَ أَنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيۡكُمۡ

Why do you annoy me while you know certainly that I am the Messenger of Allah to you?

meaning, `why do you annoy me even though you know my truth regarding the Message that I brought you' This brings consolation for Allah's Messenger for what the disbelievers among his people and others did to him. And it orders him to be patient.

This is why he once said,

رَحۡمَةُ اللهِ عَلَى مُوسَى لَقَدۡ أُوذِيَ بِأَكۡثَرَ مِنۡ هَذَا فَصَبَر

May Allah have mercy with Musa:he was annoyed more than this, yet he was patient.

By it believers are prohibited from harming or bothering the Prophet in any way or form.

As Allah the Exalted said,

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ لاأَ تَكُونُواۡ كَالَّذِينَ ءَاذَوۡاۡ مُوسَى فَبرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُواۡ وَكَانَ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهاً

O you who believe! Be not like those who annoyed Musa, but Allah cleared him of that which they alleged, and he was honorable before Allah. (33:69)

And His saying:

فَلَمَّا زَاغُوا أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمۡ

So, when they turned away, Allah turned their hearts away,

means, when the Jews turned away from following the guidance, even though they knew it, Allah turned their hearts away from the guidance. Instead, Allah placed doubts, suspicion and failure in their hearts, just as He said,

وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفۡيِدَتَهُمۡ وَأَبۡصَـرَهُمۡ كَمَا لَمۡ يُوۡمِنُواۡ بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَنَذَرُهُمۡ فِى طُغۡيَانِهِمۡ يَعۡمَهُونَ

And We shall turn their hearts and vision away, as they refused to believe therein for the first time, and we shall leave them in their trespass to wander blindly.

And His saying;

وَمَن يُشَاقِقِ الرَّسُولَ مِن بَعۡدِ مَا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ الۡهُدَى وَيَتَّبِعۡ غَيۡرَ سَبِيلِ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ نُوَلِّهِ مَا تَوَلَّى وَنُصۡلِهِ جَهَنَّمَ وَسَأءَتۡ مَصِيراً

And whoever contradicts and opposes the Messenger after the right path has been shown clearly to him, and follows other than the believers' way, We shall keep him in the path he has chosen, and enter him in Hell, what an evil destination it is! (4:115),

and, Similarly Allah said;

وَاللَّهُ لَاا يَهۡدِي الۡقَوۡمَ الۡفَاسِقِينَ

And Allah guides not the people who are rebellious. (9:24)

The Good News of `Isa about Our Prophet and that His Name is Ahmad

Allah said

وَإِذۡ قَالَ عِيسَى ابۡنُ مَرۡيَمَ يَا بَنِي إِسۡرَايِيلَ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيۡكُم

مُّصَدِّقًا لِّمَا بَيۡنَ يَدَيَّ مِنَ التَّوۡرَاة

وَمُبَشِّرًا بِرَسُولٍ يَأۡتِي مِن بَعۡدِي اسۡمُهُ أَحۡمَدُ

And when `Isa, son of Maryam, said:O Children of Israel! I am the Messenger of Allah unto you, confirming the Tawrah before me, and giving glad tidings of a Messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad.

`Isa said,

The Tawrah conveyed the glad tidings of my coming, and my coming confirms the truth of the Tawrah. I convey the glad tidings of the Prophet who will come after me. He is the unlettered, Makkan, Arab Prophet and Messenger, Ahmad.

`Isa, peace be upon him, is the last and final Messenger from among the Children of Israel. He remained among the Children of Israel for a while, conveying the good news of the coming of Muhammad, whose name is also Ahmad, the Last and Final Prophet and Messenger. After Muhammad, there will be no Prophethood or Messengers.

How admirable the Hadith is that Al-Bukhari collected in his Sahih from Jubayr bin Mut`im, who said,

I heard the Messenger of Allah say,

إِنَّ لِي أَسۡمَاءً أَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَنَا أَحۡمَدُ وَأَنَا الۡمَاحِي الَّذِي يَمۡحُو اللهُ بِهِ الۡكُفۡرَ وَأَنَا الۡحَاشِرُ الَّذِي يُحۡشَرُ النَّاسُ عَلَى قَدَمَيَّ وَأَنَا الۡعَاقِب

I have names.

- I am Muhammad and Ahmad.

- I am Al-Mahi through whom Allah will eliminate disbelief.

- I am Al-Hashir who will be the first to be resurrected, with the people being resurrected Hereafter.

- I am also Al-`Aqib (i.e., there will be no Prophet after me).

Also Muslim collected this Hadith from Az-Zuhri from Jubayr. Muhammad bin Ishaq recorded that Khalid bin Ma`dan said that some Companions of Allah's Messenger said,

O Allah's Messenger! Tell us about yourself.

He said,

دَعۡوَةُ أَبِي إِبۡرَاهِيمَ وَبُشۡرَى عِيسَى وَرَأَتۡ أُمِّي حِينَ حَمَلَتۡ بِي كَأَنَّهُ خَرَجَ مِنۡها نُورٌ أَضَاءَتۡ لَهُ قُصُورُ بُصۡرَى مِنۡ أَرۡضِ الشَّام

I am the (result of the) invocation made to Allah from my father Ibrahim and the good news `Isa delivered. When my mother was pregnant with me, she had a dream in which she ﷺ a light emanating from her that radiated the palaces of Basra in Ash-Sham.

This Hadith has a good chain of narration that is supported by other similar narrations.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-`Irbad bin Sariyah said, The Messenger of Allah said,

إِنِّي عِنۡدَ اللهِ لَخَاتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ وَإِنَّ ادَمَ لَمُنۡجَدِلٌ فِي طِينَتِهِ وَسَأُنَبِّيُكُمۡ بِأَوَّلِ ذَلِكَ دَعۡوَةُ أَبِي إِبۡرَاهِيمَ وَبِشَارَةُ عِيسَى بِي وَرُوۡيَا أُمِّي الَّتِي رَأَتۡ وَكَذَلِكَ أُمَّهَاتُ النَّبِيِّينَ يَرَيۡن

I was written with Allah as the Last and Final of the Prophet, even when Adam was still clay. I will tell of the first good news announcing my advent, the (result of the) invocation to Allah made from my father Ibrahim, the good news `Isa conveyed, and the dream that my mother ﷺ The mothers of all Prophets see similar dreams.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Umamah said,

I said, `O Allah's Messenger! What was the first good news of your coming?'

He said,

دَعۡوَةُ أَبِي إِبۡرَاهِيمَ وَبُشۡرَى عِيسَى وَرَأَتۡ أُمِّي أَنَّهُ يَخۡرُجُ مِنۡهَا نُورٌ أَضَاءَتۡ لَهُ قُصُورُ الشَّام

The (result of the) invocation to Allah made from my father Ibrahim and the good news `Isa conveyed. My mother ﷺ a light emanating from her that filled the palaces of Ash-Sham in a dream.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that:

the Messenger of Allah sent eighty men, including Abdullah bin Masud, Jafar bin Abi Talib, Abdullah bin Urfutah, Uthman bin Mazun, Abu Musa, and others, to An-Najashi.

The Quraysh sent Amr bin Al-`As and Umarah bin Al-Walid with a gift for An-Najashi. When they, Amr and `Umarah, came to An-Najashi, they prostrated before him and stood to his right and left. Amr and Umarah said,

Some of our cousins migrated to your land; they have abandoned us and our religion.

An-Najashi said, Where are they

They said, They are in your land, so send for them, so An-Najashi summoned the Muslims.

Jafar said to the Muslims, I will be your speaker today. So, the Muslims followed Jafar and when he entered on the king he did not prostrate after greeting him.

They said to Jafar, Why do you not prostrate before the king'?'

Jafar said, We only prostrate for Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored.

They said, Why?

He said,

Allah has sent a Messenger to us from Him, who ordered us not to prostrate to anyone except Allah, the Exalted and Most Honored. He also ordered to perform prayer and give charity.

Amr bin Al-`As said, They contradict your creed about `Isa, son of Maryam.

The king asked, What do you say about `Isa and his mother Maryam?

Ja`far said,

We only say what Allah said about him, that he is Allah's Word, a soul created by Allah and sent down to the honorable virgin who was not touched by a man nor bearing children before.

An-Najashi lifted a straw of wood and said,

O Ethiopians, monks and priests! By Allah, what they say about `Isa is no more than what we say about him, not even a difference that equals this straw. You are welcomed among us, and greetings to him who sent you. I bear witness that he is Allah's Messenger whom we read about in the Injil. He is the Prophet who `Isa, son of Maryam, foretold the good news about his advent. Live wherever you wish. By Allah, had I not been entrusted with the responsibilities of kingship, I would have gone to him, so that I could be honored by carrying his slippers and his water for ablution.

The king ordered that the gifts of the idolators be returned to them.

Abdullah bin Mas`ud soon returned and later on participated in the battle of Badr. He said that when the Prophet received the news that An-Najashi died, he invoked Allah to forgive him.

Allah said,

فَلَمَّا جَاءهُم بِالۡبَيِّنَاتِ قَالُوا هَذَا سِحۡرٌ مُّبِينٌ

But when he came to them with clear proofs, they said:This is plain magic.

this refers to Ahmad, who was anticipated, in accordance with the early Scriptures and early generations, according to Ibn Jurayj and Ibn Jarir.

When the Prophet appeared bringing clear signs, the disbelievers and rejecters said,

هَذَا سِحۡرٌ مُّبِينٌ

(This is plain magic).

As-Saf: 5

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