Al-Ahzab: 59

Ayah

Word by Word

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا

O Prophet

ٱلنَّبِيُّ

O Prophet

قُل

Say

لِّأَزۡوَٰجِكَ

to your wives

وَبَنَاتِكَ

and your daughters

وَنِسَآءِ

and (the) women

ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ

(of) the believers

يُدۡنِينَ

to bring down

عَلَيۡهِنَّ

over themselves

مِن

جَلَٰبِيبِهِنَّۚ

their outer garments

ذَٰلِكَ

That

أَدۡنَىٰٓ

(is) more suitable

أَن

that

يُعۡرَفۡنَ

they should be known

فَلَا

and not

يُؤۡذَيۡنَۗ

harmed

وَكَانَ

And is

ٱللَّهُ

Allah

غَفُورٗا

Oft-Forgiving

رَّحِيمٗا

Most Merciful

Translation

O Prophet! Tell thy wives and daughters, and the believing women, that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when abroad): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

Tafsir

Whoever annoys Allah and His Messenger, is cursed in this World and the Hereafter Here,

Allah says:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُوۡذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنۡيَا وَالاۡخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ عَذَابًا مُّهِينًا

Verily, those who annoy Allah and His Messenger, Allah has cursed them in this world and in the Hereafter, and has prepared for them a humiliating torment.

Allah warns and threatens those who annoy Him by going against His commands and doing that which He has forbidden, and who persist in doing so, and those who annoy His Messenger by accusing him of having faults or shortcomings -- Allah forbid.

Ikrimah said that the Ayah:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُوۡذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ

(Verily, those who annoy Allah and His Messenger), was revealed concerning those who make pictures or images.

In The Two Sahihs, it is reported that Abu Hurayrah said:

The Messenger of Allah said:

يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يُوۡذِينِي ابۡنُ ادَمَ يَسُبُّ الدَّهۡرَ وَأَنَا الدَّهۡرُ أُقَلِّبُ لَيۡلَهُ وَنَهَارَه

Allah says:The son of Adam annoys Me by inveighing against time, but I am time, for I cause the alternation of night and day.

The meaning of this Hadith is that in the Jahiliyyah they used to say, How bad time is, it has done such and such to us!

They used to attribute the deeds of Allah to time, and inveigh against it, but the One Who did that was Allah, may He be exalted. So, He forbade them from this.

Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn Abbas said that the Ayah,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُوۡذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ

(Verily, those who annoy Allah and His Messenger), was revealed about those who slandered the Prophet over his marriage to Safiyyah bint Huyay bin Akhtab. The Ayah appears to be general in meaning and to apply to all those who annoy him in any way, because whoever annoys him annoys Allah, just as whoever obeys him obeys Allah.

The Threat to Those Who fabricate Slander

Allah says

وَالَّذِينَ يُوۡذُونَ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ وَالۡمُوۡمِنَاتِ بِغَيۡرِ مَا اكۡتَسَبُوا

And those who annoy believing men and women undeservedly,

means, they attribute to them things of which they are innocent, which they do not know and do not do.

فَقَدِ احۡتَمَلُوا بُهۡتَانًا وَإِثۡمًا مُّبِينًا

they bear the crime of slander and plain sin.

This is the most serious slander, to tell or transmit things about the believing men and women that they have not done, in order to bring shame upon them and accuse them of shortcomings.

Among those to whom the description most applies are those who disbelieve in Allah and His Messengers, followed by the Rafidites who accuse the Companions of shortcomings and faults of which Allah has stated that they are innocent, and describe them as the opposite of what Allah has said about them.

Allah, may He be exalted, has told us that He is pleased with the Migrants and Ansar, and has praised them, but these foolish and ignorant people inveigh against them and accuse them of shortcomings, and say things about them that they did not do and could never have done. In reality, their hearts are misguided, for they condemn those who deserve praise and praise those who deserve condemnation.

Abu Dawud recorded that Abu Hurayrah said that it was said:

O Messenger of Allah, what is backbiting (Ghibah)?

He said,

ذِكۡرُكَ أَخَاكَ بِمَا يَكۡرَه

It is when you mention something about your brother that he dislikes.

It was asked, But what if what I say about my brother is true

He said,

إِنۡ كَانَ فِيهِ مَا تَقُولُ فَقَدِ اغۡتَبۡتَهُ وَإِنۡ لَمۡ يَكُنۡ فِيهِ مَا تَقُولُ فَقَدۡ بَهَتَّه

If it is true, then you have committed backbiting (Ghibah) about him, and if it is not true, then you have slandered him.

This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said, Hasan Sahih.

The Command of Hijab

Allah says:

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُل لاَِّزۡوَاجِكَ وَبَنَاتِكَ وَنِسَاء الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ

يُدۡنِينَ عَلَيۡهِنَّ مِن جَلَبِيبِهِنَّ

O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the believers to draw their Jalabib over their bodies.

Here Allah tells His Messenger to command the believing women -- especially his wives and daughters, because of their position of honor -- to draw their Jilbabs over their bodies, so that they will be distinct in their appearance from the women of the Jahiliyyah and from slave women.

The Jilbab is a Rida', worn over the Khimar.

This was the view of Ibn Mas`ud, Ubaydah, Qatadah, Al-Hasan Al-Basri, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Ata' Al-Khurasani and others.

It is like the Izar used today.

Al-Jawhari said:

The Jilbab is the outer wrapper.

Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said that;

Allah commanded the believing women, when they went out of their houses for some need, to cover their faces from above their heads with the Jilbab, leaving only one eye showing.

Muhammad bin Sirin said,

I asked Ubaydah As-Salmani about the Ayah:

يُدۡنِينَ عَلَيۡهِنَّ مِن جَلَبِيبِهِنَّ

(to draw their Jalabib over their bodies). He covered his face and head, with just his left eye showing.

ذَلِكَ أَدۡنَى أَن يُعۡرَفۡنَ فَلَ يُوۡذَيۡنَ

That will be better that they should be known so as not to be annoyed.

means, if they do that, it will be known that they are free, and that they are not servants or whores.

وَكَانَ اللَّهُ غَفُورًا رَّحِيمًا

And Allah is Ever Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

means, with regard to what happened previously during the days of Jahiliyyah, when they did not have any knowledge about this.

A Stern Warning to the Evil Hypocrites

Allah says

لَيِن لَّمۡ يَنتَهِ الۡمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ

If the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is a disease, and those who spread false news among the people in Al-Madinah stop not, We shall certainly let you overpower them, then they will not be able to stay in it as your neighbors but a little while.

Allah issues a warning to the hypocrites, those who make an outward display of faith while concealing their disbelief,

وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ

(those in whose hearts is a disease),

Ikrimah and others said that this refers to adulterers in this instance.

وَالۡمُرۡجِفُونَ فِي الۡمَدِينَةِ

and those who spread false news among the people in Al-Madinah,

means, those who say that the enemy has come and war has started, which is a lie and a fabrication. Unless they give up these actions and return to the truth,

لَنُغۡرِيَنَّكَ بِهِمۡ

We shall certainly let you overpower them,

Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said,

We will give you power over them.

Qatadah said:

We will incite you against them.

As-Suddi said:

We will inform you about them.

ثُمَّ لَا يُجَاوِرُونَكَ فِيهَا

then they will not be able to stay in it,

means, in Al-Madinah,

إِلاَّ قَلِيلً

مَلۡعُونِينَ

but a little while. Accursed...

`this describes their state while they are in Al-Madinah for this short time before they are expelled and sent far away.'

أَيۡنَمَا ثُقِفُوا أُخِذُوا

they shall be seized wherever found,

means, `they will be attacked, because they are so weak and so few,'

وَقُتِّلُوا تَقۡتِيلً

and killed with a (terrible) slaughter.

Then Allah says

سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوۡا مِن قَبۡلُ

That was the way of Allah in the case of those who passed away of old,

meaning, this is how Allah dealt with the hypocrites when they persisted in hypocrisy and disbelief and did not give it up; He incited the believers against them and caused them to prevail over them.

وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ تَبۡدِيلً

and you will not find any change in the way of Allah.

means, the way in which Allah deals with this does not alter or change.

Al-Ahzab: 59

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