As-Sajdah: 18

Ayah

Word by Word

أَفَمَن

Then is one who

كَانَ

مُؤۡمِنٗا

a believer

كَمَن

like (him) who

كَانَ

فَاسِقٗاۚ

defiantly disobedient

لَّا

Not

يَسۡتَوُۥنَ

they are equal

Translation

Is then the man who believes no better than the man who is rebellious and wicked? Not equal are they.

Tafsir

The State of the People of Faith and Their Reward Allah states:

Allah says;

إِنَّمَا يُوۡمِنُ بِأيَاتِنَا

Only those believe in Our Ayat,

means, who accept them as true,

الَّذِينَ إِذَا ذُكِّرُوا بِهَا خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا

who, when they are reminded of them, fall down prostrate,

means, they listen to them and obey them in word and deed.

وَسَبَّحُوا بِحَمۡدِ رَبِّهِمۡ وَهُمۡ لَا يَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ

and glorify the praises of their Lord, and they are not proud.

means, they are not too proud to follow them and submit to them, unlike the ignorant among the rebellious disbelievers.

Allah says:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسۡتَكۡبِرُونَ عَنۡ عِبَادَتِى سَيَدۡخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَخِرِينَ

Verily, those who scorn My worship, they will surely enter Hell in humiliation! (40:60)

Then Allah says

تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمۡ عَنِ الۡمَضَاجِعِ

Their sides forsake their beds,

meaning, they pray the voluntary night prayer and forego sleep and resting on a comfortable bed.

Mujahid and Al-Hasan said that the Ayah

تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمۡ عَنِ الۡمَضَاجِعِ

(Their sides forsake their beds),refers to voluntary night prayer.

Ad-Dahhak said,

It refers to Salat Al-`Isha' in congregation and Salat Al-Fajr in congregation.

يَدۡعُونَ رَبَّهُمۡ خَوۡفًا وَطَمَعًا

to invoke their Lord in fear and hope,

means, in fear of His punishment and in hope of His reward.

وَمِمَّا رَزَقۡنَاهُمۡ يُنفِقُونَ

and they spend out of what We have bestowed on them.

means, they do both obligatory and supererogatory acts of worship. Their leader in this world and the Hereafter is the Messenger of Allah.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Mu`adh bin Jabal said,

I was with the Messenger of Allah on a journey one morning, walking near him. I said, `O Prophet of Allah, tell me of a deed that will grant me admittance to Paradise and keep me away from Hell.'

He said:

لَقَدۡ سَأَلۡتَ عَنۡ عَظِيمٍ وَإِنَّهَ لَيَسِيرٌ عَلَى مَنۡ يَسَّرَهُ اللهُ عَلَيۡهِ تَعۡبُدُ اللهَ وَلَا تُشۡرِكُ بِهِ شَيۡيًا وَتُقِيمُ الصَّلَةَ وَتُوۡتِي الزَّكَاةَ وَتَصُومُ رَمَضَانَ وَتَحُجُّ الۡبَيۡت

You have asked about something great, and it is easy for the one for whom Allah makes it easy.

- Worship Allah and do not associate anything with Him,

- establish regular prayer,

- pay Zakah,

- fast Ramadan and

- perform pilgrimage to the House.

Then he said:

أَلَا أَدُلُّكَ عَلَى أَبۡوَابِ الۡخَيۡرِ

الصَّومُ جُنَّةٌ وَالصَّدَقَةُ تُطۡفِىءُ الۡخَطِييَةَ وَصَلَةُ الرَّجُلِ فِي جَوۡفِ اللَّيۡل

Shall I not tell you of the gates of goodness?

Fasting is a shield,

charity wipes out sin, and

the prayer of a man in the depths of the night.

Then he recited:

تَتَجَافَى جُنُوبُهُمۡ عَنِ الۡمَضَاجِع

(Their sides forsake their beds), until he reached

جَزَاء بِمَا كَانُوا يَعۡمَلُونَ

(as a reward for what they used to do).

Then he said:

أَلَا أُخۡبِرُكَ بِرَأۡسِ الاَۡمۡرِ وَعَمُودِهِ وَذِرۡوَةِ سَنَامِهِ

Shall I not tell you of the greatest of all things and its pillars and pinnacle?

I said, `Of course, O Messenger of Allah.'

He said:

رَأۡسُ الاۡأَمۡرِ الاۡأسۡلَأمُ وَعَمُودُهُ الصَّلَأةُ وَذِرۡوَةُ سَنَامِهِ الۡجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ الله

The greatest of all things is Islam, its pillars are the prayers and its pinnacle is Jihad for the sake of Allah.

Then he said:

أَلَا أُخۡبِرُكَ بِمَلَكِ ذلِكَ كُلِّهِ

Shall I not tell you the factor on which all of that depends?

I said, `Of course, O Messenger of Allah.'

He took hold of his tongue and said,

كُفَّ عَلَيۡكَ هذَا

Restrain this.

I said, `O Messenger of Allah, will we be accountable for what we say?'

He said,

ثَكِلَتۡكَ أُمُّكُ يَا مُعَاذُ وَهَلۡ يَكُبُّ النَّاسَ فِي النَّارِ عَلى وُجُوهِهِمۡ أَوۡ قَالَ عَلى مَنَاخِرِهِمۡ إِلاَّ حَصَايِدُ أَلۡسِنَتهِم

May your mother be bereft of you, O Mu`adh! Will the people be thrown into Hell -- (or he said) on their faces -- except because of what their tongues say.

It was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah in their Sunans.

At-Tirmidhi said, It is Hasan Sahih.

فَلَ تَعۡلَمُ نَفۡسٌ مَّا أُخۡفِيَ لَهُم مِّن قُرَّةِ أَعۡيُنٍ

No person knows what is kept hidden for them of delights of eyes,

means, no one knows the vastness of what Allah has concealed for them of everlasting joy in Paradise and delights such as no one has ever seen. Because they conceal their good deeds, Allah conceals the reward for them, a fitting reward which will suit their deeds.

Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,

If people conceal their good deeds, Allah will conceal for them what no eye has seen and what has never crossed the mind of man.

It was recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim.

Al-Bukhari quoted the Ayah:

فَلَ تَعۡلَمُ نَفۡسٌ مَّا أُخۡفِيَ لَهُم مِّن قُرَّةِ أَعۡيُنٍ

(No person knows what is kept hidden for them of delights of eyes), then he recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said:

قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالى

أَعۡدَدۡتُ لِعِبَادِي الصَّالِحِينَ مَا لَا عَيۡنٌ رَأَتۡ وَلَا أُذُنٌ سَمِعَتۡ وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلى قَلۡبِ بَشَر

Allah says:

I have prepared for My righteous servants what no eye has seen, no ear has heard, and it has never crossed the mind of man.

Abu Hurayrah said:

Recite, if you wish:

فَلَ تَعۡلَمُ نَفۡسٌ مَّا أُخۡفِيَ لَهُم مِّن قُرَّةِ أَعۡيُنٍ

(No person knows what is kept hidden for them of delights of eyes).

It was also recorded by Muslim and At-Tirmidhi.

At-Tirmidhi said, It is Hasan Sahih.

In another version of Al-Bukhari:

وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلَى قَلۡبِ بَشَرٍ ذُخۡرًا مِنۡ بَلۡهِ مَا أُطۡلِعۡتُمۡ عَلَيۡه

and no body has ever even imagined of. All that is reserved, besides which, all that you have seen is nothing.

It was also reported from Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet said:

مَنۡ يَدۡخُلِ الۡجَنَّةَ يَنۡعَمۡ لَا يَبۡأَسۡ لَا تَبۡلَى ثِيَابُهُ وَلَا يَفۡنَى شَبَابُهُ فِي الۡجَنَّةِ مَا لَا عَيۡنٌ رَأَتۡ وَلَا أُذُنٌ سَمِعَتۡ وَلَا خَطَرَ عَلى قَلۡبِ بَشَر

Whoever enters Paradise, will enjoy a life of luxury and never feel deprivation, his clothes will never wear out, his youth will never fade. In Paradise there is what no eye has ever seen, no ear has ever heard, and has never crossed the mind of man.

This was recorded by Muslim.

جَزَاء بِمَا كَانُوا يَعۡمَلُونَ

as a reward for what they used to do

The Believer and the Rebellious are not equal

Allah says;

أَفَمَن كَانَ مُوۡمِنًا كَمَن كَانَ فَاسِقًا لاَّ يَسۡتَوُونَ

Is then he who is a believer like him who is a rebellious! Not equal are they.

Allah tells us that in His justice and generosity, on the Day of Judgement He will not judge those who believed in His signs and followed His Messengers, in the same way as He will judge those who rebelled, disobeyed Him and rejected the Messengers sent by Allah to them.

This is like the Ayat:

أَمۡ حَسِبَ الَّذِينَ اجۡتَرَحُواۡ السَّيِّيَـتِ أَن نَّجۡعَلَهُمۡ كَالَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّـلِحَـتِ سَوَاءً مَّحۡيَـهُمۡ وَمَمَـتُهُمۡ سَأءَ مَا يَحۡكُمُونَ

Or do those who earn evil deeds think that We shall hold them equal with those who believe and do righteous good deeds, in their present life and after their death Worst is the judgement that they make. (45:21)

أَمۡ نَجۡعَلُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّـلِحَـتِ كَالۡمُفۡسِدِينَ فِى الاٌّرۡضِ أَمۡ نَجۡعَلُ الۡمُتَّقِينَ كَالۡفُجَّارِ

Shall We treat those who believe and do righteous good deeds as corruptors on earth! Or shall We treat those who have Taqwa as the wicked! (38:28)

لَا يَسۡتَوِى أَصۡحَـبُ النَّارِ وَأَصۡحَـبُ الۡجَنَّةِ

Not equal are the dwellers of the Fire and the dwellers of the Paradise... (59:20)

Allah says:

أَفَمَن كَانَ مُوۡمِنًا كَمَن كَانَ فَاسِقًا لاَّ يَسۡتَوُونَ

Is then he who is a believer like him who is a rebellious! Not equal are they.

i.e., before Allah on the Day of Resurrection.

Ata' bin Yasar, As-Suddi and others mentioned that this was revealed concerning Ali bin Abi Talib and Uqbah bin Abi Mu`it. Hence Allah has judged between them when He said

أَمَّا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ

As for those who believe and do righteous good deeds,

meaning, their hearts believed in the signs of Allah, and they did as the signs of Allah dictate, i.e. righteous good deeds.

فَلَهُمۡ جَنَّاتُ الۡمَأۡوَى

for them are Gardens of Abode,

i.e., in which there are dwellings and houses and lofty apartments.

نُزُلاً

as an entertainment,

means, something to welcome and honor a guest,

بِمَا كَانُوا يَعۡمَلُونَ

for what they used to do

وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فَسَقُوا فَمَأۡوَاهُمُ النَّارُ كُلَّمَا أَرَادُوا أَن يَخۡرُجُوا مِنۡهَا أُعِيدُوا فِيهَا

And as for those who rebel, their abode will be the Fire,every time they wish to get away therefrom, they will be put back thereto,

means, those who disobeyed Allah, their dwelling place will be the Fire, and every time they want to escape from it, they will be thrown back in, as Allah says:

كُلَّمَأ أَرَادُواۡ أَن يَخۡرُجُواۡ مِنۡهَا مِنۡ غَمٍّ أُعِيدُواۡ فِيهَا

Every time they seek to get away therefrom, from anguish, they will be driven back therein. (22:22)

Al-Fudayl bin Iyad said:

By Allah, their hands will be tied, their feet will be chained, the flames will lift them up and the angels will strike them.

وَقِيلَ لَهُمۡ ذُوقُوا عَذَابَ النَّارِ الَّذِي كُنتُم بِهِ تُكَذِّبُونَ

and it will be said to them:Taste you the torment of the Fire which you used to deny.

means, this will be said to them by way of rebuke and chastisement.

And Allah says

وَلَنُذِيقَنَّهُمۡ مِنَ الۡعَذَابِ الاَۡدۡنَى دُونَ الۡعَذَابِ الاَۡكۡبَرِ

And verily, We will make them taste of the near lighter torment prior to the greater torment,

Ibn Abbas said,

The near torment means diseases and problems in this world, and the things that happen to its people as a test from Allah to His servants so that they will repent to Him.

Something similar was also narrated from Ubayy bin Ka`b, Abu Al-Aliyah, Al-Hasan, Ibrahim An-Nakha`i, Ad-Dahhak, Alqamah, Atiyah, Mujahid, Qatadah, Abd Al-Karim Al-Jazari and Khusayf.

لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡجِعُونَ

in order that they may return

وَمَنۡ أَظۡلَمُ مِمَّن ذُكِّرَ بِأيَاتِ رَبِّهِ ثُمَّ أَعۡرَضَ عَنۡهَا

And who does more wrong than he who is reminded of the Ayat of his Lord, then turns aside therefrom,

means, there is no one who does more wrong than the one whom Allah reminds of His signs and explains them to him clearly, then after that he neglects and ignores them, and turns away from them, forgetting them as if he does not know them.

Qatadah said:

Beware of turning away from the remembrance of Allah, for whoever turns away from remembering Him will be the most misguided and the most in need, and the most guilty of sin.

Allah says, warning the one who does that:

إِنَّا مِنَ الۡمُجۡرِمِينَ مُنتَقِمُونَ

Verily, We shall exact retribution from the criminals.

meaning, `We shall avenge Ourselves on those who do that in the strongest possible terms.

As-Sajdah: 18

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