Al-Hajj: 60

Ayah

Word by Word

ذَٰلِكَۖ

That

وَمَنۡ

and whoever

عَاقَبَ

has retaliated

بِمِثۡلِ

with the like

مَا

(of) that

عُوقِبَ

he was made to suffer

بِهِۦ

by it

ثُمَّ

then

بُغِيَ

he was oppressed

عَلَيۡهِ

[on him]

لَيَنصُرَنَّهُ

Allah will surely help him

ٱللَّهُۚ

Allah will surely help him

إِنَّ

Indeed

ٱللَّهَ

Allah

لَعَفُوٌّ

(is) surely Oft-Pardoning

غَفُورٞ

Oft-Forgiving

Translation

That (is so). And if one has retaliated to no greater extent than the injury he received, and is again set upon inordinately, Allah will help him: for Allah is One that blots out (sins) and forgives (again and again).

Tafsir

The Great Reward for Those Who migrate in the Cause of Allah

Allah says:

وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوۡ مَاتُوا

Those who emigrated in the cause of Allah and after that were killed or died,

Allah tells us that those who migrate for the sake of Allah, seeking to earn His pleasure and that which is with Him, leaving behind their homelands, families and friends, leaving their countries for the sake of Allah and His Messenger to support His religion, then they are killed, i.e., in Jihad, or they die, i.e., they pass away without being involved in fighting, they will have earned an immense reward.

As Allah says:

وَمَن يَخۡرُجۡ مِن بَيۡتِهِ مُهَـجِراً إِلَى اللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ ثُمَّ يُدۡرِكۡهُ الۡمَوۡتُ فَقَدۡ وَقَعَ أَجۡرُهُ عَلىَ اللَّهِ

And whosoever leaves his home as an emigrant unto Allah and His Messenger, and death overtakes him, his reward is then surely incumbent upon Allah. (4:100)

لَيَرۡزُقَنَّهُمُ اللَّهُ رِزۡقًا حَسَنًا

surely, Allah will provide a good provision for them.

means, He will reward them from His bounty and provision in Paradise with that which will bring them joy.

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ خَيۡرُ الرَّازِقِينَ

لَيُدۡخِلَنَّهُم مُّدۡخَلً يَرۡضَوۡنَهُ

And verily, it is Allah Who indeed is the Best of those who make provision. Truly, He will make them enter an entrance with which they shall be well-pleased,

This means Paradise, as Allah says elsewhere:

فَأَمَّأ إِن كَانَ مِنَ الۡمُقَرَّبِينَ

فَرَوۡحٌ وَرَيۡحَانٌ وَجَنَّـتُ نَعِيمٍ

Then, if he be of those brought near (to Allah), rest and provision, and a Garden of Delights. (56:88-89)

Allah tells us that He will grant him rest and provision and a Garden of Delights, as He tells us here:

لَيَرۡزُقَنَّهُمُ اللَّهُ رِزۡقًا حَسَنًا

(surely, Allah will provide a good provision for them).

Then He says:

لَيُدۡخِلَنَّهُم مُّدۡخَلً يَرۡضَوۡنَهُ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَلِيمٌ

Truly, He will make them enter an entrance with which they shall be well-pleased, and verily, Allah indeed is All-Knowing,

meaning, He is All-Knowing about those who migrate and strive in Jihad for His sake and who deserve that (reward).

حَلِيمٌ

Most Forbearing,

means, He forgives and overlooks their sins, and He accepts as expiation for their sins, their migration (Hijrah) and their putting their trust in Him. Concerning those who are killed for the sake of Allah, whether they are Muhajirs (migrants) or otherwise, they are alive with their Lord and are being provided for, as Allah says:

وَلَا تَحۡسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُواۡ فِى سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمۡوَتاً بَلۡ أَحۡيَاءٌ عِندَ رَبِّهِمۡ يُرۡزَقُونَ

Think not of those as dead who are killed in the way of Allah. Nay, they are alive, with their Lord, and they have provision. (3:169)

There are many Hadiths on this topic, as stated previously. With regard to those who die for the sake of Allah, whether they are emigrants or not.

This Ayah and the Sahih Hadiths guarantee that they will be well provided for and that Allah will show them kindness.

Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Shurahbil bin As-Simt said:

We spent a long time besieging a stronghold in the land of the Romans. Salman Al-Farisi, may Allah be pleased with him, passed by me and said, `I heard the Messenger of Allah say:

مَنۡ مَاتَ مُرَابِطًا أَجۡرَى اللهُ عَلَيۡهِ مِثۡلَ ذَلِكَ الاَۡجۡرِ وَأَجۡرَى عَلَيۡهِ الرِّزۡقَ وَأَمِنَ مِنَ الفَتَّانِينَ وَاقۡرَوُوا إِنۡ شِيۡتُمۡ

Whoever dies guarding the borders of Islam, Allah will give him a reward like that reward (of martyr) and will provide for him and keep him safe from trials.

Recite, if you wish:

وَالَّذِينَ هَاجَرُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ قُتِلُوا أَوۡ مَاتُوا لَيَرۡزُقَنَّهُمُ اللَّهُ رِزۡقًا حَسَنًا

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ خَيۡرُ الرَّازِقِينَ

لَيُدۡخِلَنَّهُم مُّدۡخَلً يَرۡضَوۡنَهُ

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَلِيمٌ حَلِيمٌ

Those who emigrated in the cause of Allah and after that were killed or died, surely, Allah will provide a good provision for them. And verily, it is Allah Who indeed is the Best of those who make provision.

Truly, He will make them enter an entrance with which they shall be well-pleased, and verily, Allah indeed is All-Knowing, Most Forbearing.

He also recorded that;

Abdur-Rahman bin Jahdam Al-Khawlani was with Fadalah bin Ubayd when they accompanied with two funerals, at (an island of) sea one of whom had been struck by a catapult, and the other had passed away. Fadalah bin Ubayd sat by the grave of the man who had passed away and someone said to him, Are you neglecting the martyr and not sitting by his grave!

He said, I would not mind which of these two graves Allah would resurrect me from, for Allah says:

Those who emigrated in the cause of Allah and after that were killed or died, surely, Allah will provide a good provision for them.

And he recited these two Ayat, then said,

What should I seek, O you servant, if I were to enter an entrance to His pleasure, and be provided good provisions By Allah, I would not mind which of these two graves Allah would resurrect me from.

ذَلِكَ وَمَنۡ عَاقَبَ بِمِثۡلِ مَا عُوقِبَ بِهِ

That is so.

And whoever has retaliated with the like of that which he was made to suffer....

Muqatil bin Hayan and Ibn Jurayj mentioned that this was revealed about a skirmish in which the Companions encountered some of the idolators. The Muslims urged them not to fight during the Sacred Months, but the idolators insisted on fighting and initiated the aggression. So the Muslims fought them and Allah granted them victory.

ثُمَّ بُغِيَ عَلَيۡهِ لَيَنصُرَنَّهُ اللَّهُ

and then has again been wronged, Allah will surely help him.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ

Verily, Allah indeed is Oft-Pardoning, Oft-Forgiving.

The Creator and Controller of this World is Allah

Allah tells:

ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يُولِجُ اللَّيۡلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيۡلِ

That is because Allah merges the night into the day, and He merges the day into the night.

Allah tells us that He is the Creator Who directs the affairs of His creation as He wills.

He tells us:

قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ مَـلِكَ الۡمُلۡكِ تُوۡتِى الۡمُلۡكَ مَن تَشَأءُ وَتَنزِعُ الۡمُلۡكَ مِمَّن تَشَأءُ وَتُعِزُّ مَن تَشَأءُ وَتُذِلُّ مَن تَشَأءُ بِيَدِكَ الۡخَيۡرُ إِنَّكَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ قَدِيرٌ

تُولِجُ الَّيۡلَ فِى الۡنَّهَارِ وَتُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِى الَّيۡلِ وَتُخۡرِجُ الۡحَىَّ مِنَ الۡمَيِّتِ وَتُخۡرِجُ الَمَيِّتَ مِنَ الۡحَىِّ وَتَرۡزُقُ مَن تَشَأءُ بِغَيۡرِ حِسَابٍ

Say:O Allah! Possessor of the power, You give power to whom You will, and You take power from whom You will, and You endue with honor whom You will, and You humiliate whom You will. In Your Hand is the good. Verily, You are able to do all things.

You make the night to enter into the day, and You make the day to enter into the night, You bring the living out of the dead, and You bring the dead out of the living. And You give wealth and sustenance to whom You will, without limit. (3:26-27)

The meaning of merging the night into the day and the day into the night is that the one encroaches upon the other, and vice versa. Sometimes the night is long and the day is short, as in winter, and sometimes the day is long and the night is short, as in summer.

وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ سَمِيعٌ بَصِيرٌ

And verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Seer.

He hears what His servants say, and He sees them, nothing about them or their movement is hidden from Him whatsoever.

When Allah tells us that He is controlling the affairs of all that exists, and that He judges, and there is none to reverse His judgement, He says

ذَلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الۡحَقُّ

That is because Allah -- He is the Truth,

meaning, the true God, besides Whom no one deserves worship. He is the Possessor of the greatest sovereignty; whatever He wills happens and whatever He does not will does not happen. Everything is in need of Him and submits to Him.

وَأَنَّ مَا يَدۡعُونَ مِن دُونِهِ هُوَ الۡبَاطِلُ

and what they invoke besides Him, it is false.

meaning, the idols and false gods. Everything that is worshipped instead of Him -- may He be exalted -- is false, because it can neither bring benefit nor cause harm.

وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ هُوَ الۡعَلِيُّ الۡكَبِيرُ

And verily, Allah -- He is the Most High, the Most Great.

This is like the Ayat:

وَهُوَ الۡعَلِىُّ الۡعَظِيمُ

and He is the Most High, the Most Great. (42:4)

الۡكَبِيرُ الۡمُتَعَالِ

the Most Great, the Most High. (13:9)

Everything is subject to His might and power; there is no God except Him and no Lord besides Him, because He is the Almighty and there is none mightier than He, the Most High and there is none higher than He, the Most Great and there is none greater than He. Exalted, sanctified, and glorified be He far above all that the evildoers say

Signs of the Power of Allah

Allah tells:

أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاء مَاء

See you not that Allah sends down water from the sky,

This is a further sign of His might and power; that he sends the winds to drive the clouds which deliver rain to the barren land where nothing grows, land which is dry, dusty and desiccated.

فَإِذَا أَنزَلۡنَا عَلَيۡهَا الۡمَأءَ اهۡتَزَّتۡ وَرَبَتۡ

but when We send down water on it, it is stirred (to life), and it swells. (22:5)

فَتُصۡبِحُ الاَۡرۡضُ مُخۡضَرَّةً

and then the earth becomes green,

This indicates the sequence of events and how everything follows on according to its nature.

This is like the Ayah:

ثُمَّ خَلَقۡنَا النُّطۡفَةَ عَلَقَةً فَخَلَقۡنَا الۡعَلَقَةَ مُضۡغَةً

Then We made the Nutfah into a clot, then We made the clot into a little lump of flesh. (23:14)

It was recorded in the Two Sahihs that between each stage there are forty days.

Allah's saying,

فَتُصۡبِحُ الاَۡرۡضُ مُخۡضَرَّةً

(and then the earth becomes green),

means, it becomes green after being dry and lifeless.

It was reported from some of the people of Al-Hijaz that the land turns green after rainfall.

And Allah knows best.

إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ

Verily, Allah is the Most Kind and Courteous, Well-Acquainted with all things.

He knows what seeds are in the various regions of the earth, no matter how small they are. Nothing whatsoever is hidden from Him. Each of those seeds receives its share of water and begins to grow, as Luqman said:

يبُنَىَّ إِنَّهَأ إِن تَكُ مِثۡقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِّنۡ خَرۡدَلٍ فَتَكُنۡ فِى صَخۡرَةٍ أَوۡ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ أَوۡ فِى الاٌّرۡضِ يَأۡتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ

O my son!

If it be equal to the weight of a grain of mustard seed, and though it be in a rock, or in the heavens or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Verily, Allah is Subtle, Well-Aware. (31:16)

And Allah says:

أَلاَّ يَسۡجُدُواۡ للَّهِ الَّذِى يُخۡرِجُ الۡخَبۡءَ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرۡضِ

so they do not worship Allah, Who brings to light what is hidden in the heavens and the earth. (27:25)

وَمَا تَسۡقُطُ مِن وَرَقَةٍ إِلاَّ يَعۡلَمُهَا وَلَا حَبَّةٍ فِى ظُلُمَـتِ الاٌّرۡضِ وَلَا رَطۡبٍ وَلَا يَابِسٍ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَـبٍ مُّبِينٍ

not a leaf falls, but He knows it. There is not a grain in the darkness of the earth nor anything fresh or dry, but is written in a Clear Record. (6:59)

وَمَا يَعۡزُبُ عَن رَّبِّكَ مِن مِّثۡقَالِ ذَرَّةٍ فِي الاٌّرۡضِ وَلَا فِى السَّمَأءِ وَلَا أَصۡغَرَ مِن ذَلِكَ وَلا أَكۡبَرَ إِلاَّ فِى كِتَابٍ مُّبِينٍ

And nothing is hidden from your Lord, the weight of a speck of dust on the earth or in the heaven. Not what is less than that or what is greater than that but it is (written) in a Clear Record. (10:61

لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الاَۡرۡضِ

To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth.

He owns all things, and He has no need of anything besides Himself, everything is in need of Him and in a state of submission to Him.

وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَهُوَ الۡغَنِيُّ الۡحَمِيدُ

And verily, Allah -- He is Rich, Worthy of all praise.

And Allah says:

أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ سَخَّرَ لَكُم مَّا فِي الاَۡرۡضِ

See you not that Allah has subjected to you all that is on the earth,

animals, inanimate things, crops and fruits.

This is like the Ayah:

وَسَخَّرَ لَكُمۡ مَّا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَمَا فِى الاٌّرۡضِ جَمِيعاً مِّنۡهُ

And has subjected to you all that is in the heavens and all that is in the earth. (45:13)

meaning that all of this is a blessing and out of His kindness.

...

وَالۡفُلۡكَ تَجۡرِي فِي الۡبَحۡرِ بِأَمۡرِهِ

and the ships that sail through the sea by His command,

That is because He subjugates it to them and makes it easy for them. In the raging sea with its tempestuous waves, the ships sail gently with their passengers and carry them wherever they want to go for trading and other purposes from one land to another, so that they bring goods from here to there, or vice versa, whatever people want or need.

...

وَيُمۡسِكُ السَّمَاء أَن تَقَعَ عَلَى الاَۡرۡضِ إِلاَّ بِإِذۡنِهِ

He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth except by His leave.

If He willed, He could give the sky permission to fall on the earth, and whoever is in it would be killed, but by His kindness, mercy and power, He withholds the heaven from falling on the earth, except by His leave. He says:

...

إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَوُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ

Verily, Allah is for mankind, full of kindness, Most Merciful.

meaning, even though they do wrong.

As Allah says elsewhere:

وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَذُو مَغۡفِرَةٍ لِّلنَّاسِ عَلَى ظُلۡمِهِمۡ وَإِنَّ رَبَّكَ لَشَدِيدُ الۡعِقَابِ

But verily, your Lord is full of forgiveness for mankind in spite of their wrongdoing. And verily, your Lord is severe in punishment. (13:6)

وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَحۡيَاكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ

إِنَّ الاِۡنسَانَ لَكَفُور

It is He, Who gave you life, and then will cause you to die, and will again give you life. Verily, man is indeed Kafurun.

This is like the Ayat:

كَيۡفَ تَكۡفُرُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَكُنتُمۡ أَمۡوَتًا فَأَحۡيَـكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ ثُمَّ إِلَيۡهِ تُرۡجَعُونَ

How can you disbelieve in Allah Seeing that you were dead and He gave you life. Then He will give you death, then again will bring you to life and then unto Him you will return. (2:28)

قُلِ اللَّهُ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يَجۡمَعُكُمۡ إِلَى يَوۡمِ الۡقِيَـمَةِ لَا رَيۡبَ فِيهِ

Say:Allah gives you life, then causes you to die, then He will assemble you on the Day of Resurrection about which there is no doubt. (45:26)

قَالُواۡ رَبَّنَأ أَمَتَّنَا اثۡنَتَيۡنِ وَأَحۡيَيۡتَنَا اثۡنَتَيۡنِ

They will say:Our Lord! You have made us to die twice, and You have given us life twice! (40:11)

So how can you set up rivals to Allah and worship others besides Him when He is the One Who is independent in His powers of creation, provision and control of the existence!

وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَحۡيَاكُمۡ

It is He, Who gave you life,

means, He gave you life after you were nothing, and brought you into existence.

ثُمَّ يُمِيتُكُمۡ ثُمَّ يُحۡيِيكُمۡ

and then will cause you to die, and will again give you life.

means, on the Day of Resurrection.

إِنَّ الاِۡنسَانَ لَكَفُورٌ

Verily, man is indeed Kafurun.

meaning, denying.

Al-Hajj: 60

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