Al-Baqarah: 189

Ayah

Word by Word

يَسۡـَٔلُونَكَ

They ask you

عَنِ

about

ٱلۡأَهِلَّةِۖ

the new moons

قُلۡ

Say

هِيَ

They

مَوَٰقِيتُ

(are) indicators of periods

لِلنَّاسِ

for the people

وَٱلۡحَجِّۗ

and (for) the Hajj

وَلَيۡسَ

And it is not

ٱلۡبِرُّ

[the] righteousness

بِأَن

that

تَأۡتُواْ

you come

ٱلۡبُيُوتَ

(to) the houses

مِن

from

ظُهُورِهَا

their backs

وَلَٰكِنَّ

[and] but

ٱلۡبِرَّ

[the] righteous

مَنِ

(is one) who

ٱتَّقَىٰۗ

fears (Allah)

وَأۡتُواْ

And come

ٱلۡبُيُوتَ

(to) the houses

مِنۡ

from

أَبۡوَٰبِهَاۚ

their doors

وَٱتَّقُواْ

And fear

ٱللَّهَ

Allah

لَعَلَّكُمۡ

so that you may

تُفۡلِحُونَ

(be) successful

Translation

They ask thee concerning the New Moons. Say: They are but signs to mark fixed periods of time in (the affairs of) men, and for Pilgrimage. It is no virtue if ye enter your houses from the back: It is virtue if ye fear Allah. Enter houses through the proper doors: And fear Allah: That ye may prosper.

Tafsir

"The Crescent Moons

Allah says;

يَسۡأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الاهِلَّةِ قُلۡ هِيَ مَوَاقِيتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالۡحَجِّ

They ask you (O Muhammad) about the crescents. Say:""These are signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind and for the pilgrimage.""

Al-Awfi related that Ibn Abbas said,

""The people asked Allah's Messenger about the crescent moons. Thereafter, this Ayah was revealed, so that they mark their acts of worship, the Iddah (the period of time a divorced woman or a widow is required to wait before remarrying) of their women and the time of their Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah).""

Abdur-Razzaq reported that Ibn Umar narrated that Allah's Messenger said:

جَعَلَ اللهُ الاَۡهِلَّةَ مَوَاقِيتَ لِلنَّاسِ فَصُومُوا لِرُوۡيَتِهِ وَأَفۡطِرُوا لِرُوۡيَتِهِ فَإِنۡ غُمَّ عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَعُدُّوا ثَلَثِينَ يَوۡمًا

Allah has made the crescents signs to mark fixed periods of time for mankind. Hence, fast on seeing it (the crescent for Ramadan) and break the fast on seeing it (the crescent for Shawwal). If it (the crescent) was obscure to you then count thirty days (mark that month as thirty days).

This Hadith was also collected by Al-Hakim in his Mustadrak, and he said, ""The chain is Sahih, and they (Al-Bukhari and Muslim) did not recorded it.""

Righteousness comes from Taqwa

Allah said:

وَلَيۡسَ الۡبِرُّ بِأَنۡ تَأۡتُوۡاۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا وَلَـكِنَّ الۡبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقَى وَأۡتُواۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِنۡ أَبۡوَابِهَا

It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.) that you enter the houses from the back, but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So enter houses through their proper doors.

Al-Bukhari recorded that Al-Bara said,

""During the time of Jahiliyyah, they used to enter the house from the back upon assuming the Ihram. Thereafter, Allah revealed (the following Ayah:

(It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, etc.) that you enter the houses from the back but Al-Birr is from Taqwa. So enter houses through their proper doors).""

Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded the same Hadith from Al-Bara but with the wording;

""The Ansar used to enter their houses from the back when returning from a journey. Thereafter, this Ayah (2:189 above) was revealed...""

Al-Hasan said,

""When some people during the time of Jahiliyyah would leave home to travel, and then decide not to travel, they would not enter the house from its door. Rather, they would climb over the back wall. Allah the Exalted said:

وَلَيۡسَ الۡبِرُّ بِأَنۡ تَأۡتُوۡاۡ الۡبُيُوتَ مِن ظُهُورِهَا

(It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness) that you enter the houses from the back).""

Allah's statement:

وَاتَّقُواۡ اللّهَ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ

and have Taqwa of Allah that you may be successful.

Have Taqwa of Allah, means to do what He has commanded you and refrain from what He has forbidden for you,

لَعَلَّكُمۡ تُفۡلِحُونَ

(that you may be successful), tomorrow when you stand before Him and He thus rewards you perfectly."

Al-Baqarah: 189

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