Al-Isra: 40

Ayah

Word by Word

أَفَأَصۡفَىٰكُمۡ

Then has chosen (for) you

رَبُّكُم

your Lord

بِٱلۡبَنِينَ

sons

وَٱتَّخَذَ

and He has taken

مِنَ

from

ٱلۡمَلَٰٓئِكَةِ

the Angels

إِنَٰثًاۚ

daughters

إِنَّكُمۡ

Indeed, you

لَتَقُولُونَ

surely say

قَوۡلًا

a word

عَظِيمٗا

grave

Translation

Has then your Lord (O Pagans!) preferred for you sons, and taken for Himself daughters among the angels? Truly ye utter a most dreadful saying!

Tafsir

"Refutation of Those Who claim that the Angels are Daughters of Allah

Allah refutes the lying idolators who claim, may the curse of Allah be upon them, that the angels are the daughters of Allah. They made the angels, who are the servants of Ar-Rahman (the Most Beneficent), females, and called them daughters of Allah, then they worshipped them. They were gravely wrong on all three counts.

Allah says, denouncing them:

أَفَأَصۡفَاكُمۡ رَبُّكُم بِالۡبَنِينَ

Has then your Lord preferred for you sons,

meaning, has He given only you sons!

وَاتَّخَذَ مِنَ الۡمَليِكَةِ إِنَاثًا

and taken for Himself from among the angels daughters.

meaning, has He chosen for Himself, as you claim, daughters.

Then Allah denounces them even more severely, and says:

إِنَّكُمۡ لَتَقُولُونَ قَوۡلاً عَظِيمًا

Verily, you indeed utter an awful saying.

meaning, in your claim that Allah has children, then you say that His children are female, which you do not like for yourselves and may even kill them by burying them alive. That is indeed a division most unfair!

Allah says:

وَقَالُواۡ اتَّخَذَ الرَّحۡمَـنُ وَلَداً

لَقَدۡ جِيۡتُمۡ شَيۡياً إِدّاً

تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرۡنَ مِنۡهُ وَتَنشَقُّ الاٌّرۡضُ وَتَخِرُّ الۡجِبَالُ هَدّاً

أَن دَعَوۡا لِلرَّحۡمَـنِ وَلَداً

وَمَا يَنبَغِى لِلرَّحۡمَـنِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَداً

إِن كُلُّ مَن فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرۡضِ إِلاَّ اتِى الرَّحۡمَـنِ عَبۡداً

لَّقَدۡ أَحۡصَـهُمۡ وَعَدَّهُمۡ عَدّاً

وَكُلُّهُمۡ ءَاتِيهِ يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَـمَةِ فَرۡداً

And they say:""The Most Beneficent (Allah) has begotten a child.""

Indeed you have brought forth (said) a terrible evil thing. Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins.

That they ascribe a son child to the Most Beneficent. But it is not suitable for (the majesty of) the Most Beneficent that he should beget a child. There is none in the heavens and the earth but comes unto the Most Beneficent as a servant.

Verily, He knows each one of them, and has counted them a full counting. And every one of them will come to Him alone on the Day of Resurrection. (19:88-95)

Allah says:

وَلَقَدۡ صَرَّفۡنَا فِي هَـذَا الۡقُرۡانِ

And surely, We have explained in this Qur'an,

meaning, `We have explained Our warnings so that they may remember the proof, evidence and exhortations contained therein, and be prevented from Shirk, wrongdoing and scandal.'

لِيَذَّكَّرُواۡ

that they may take heed,

وَمَا يَزِيدُهُمۡ

but it increases them in naught,

the wrong- doers among them.

إِلاَّ نُفُورًا

save aversion.

aversion towards the truth; they go further away from it

Allah says:

قُل لَّوۡ كَانَ مَعَهُ الِهَةٌ كَمَا يَقُولُونَ إِذًا لاَّبۡتَغَوۡاۡ إِلَى ذِي الۡعَرۡشِ سَبِيلً

Say:""If there had been other gods along with Him as they assert, then they would certainly have sought out a way to the Lord of the Throne.

`Say, O Muhammad, to these idolators who claim that Allah has a partner among His creation, and who worship others besides Him that they may bring them nearer to Him:if the matter is as you say, and there is another god besides Him whom you worship in order to draw closer to Him and so that he will intercede for you with Him, then those whom you worship would themselves worship Him and seek means to draw closer to Him. So worship Him alone, just as those on whom you call besides Him worship Him. You have no need of a deity to be an intermediary between you and Him, for He does not like or accept that, rather He hates it and rejects it, and has forbidden that through all of His Messengers and Prophets.'

Then He glorifies and sanctifies Himself far above all that, and says

سُبۡحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى عَمَّا يَقُولُونَ

Glorified and Exalted is He high above what they say!

meaning these idolators who transgress and do wrong when they claim that there are other gods besides Him.

عُلُوًّا كَبِيرًا

high above,

means, far above.

He is Allah, the One, the Self-Sufficient Master, Whom all creatures need. He begets not, nor was He begotten, and there is none comparable or coequal unto Him

Everything glorifies Allah

Allah says:

تُسَبِّحُ لَهُ السَّمَاوَاتُ السَّبۡعُ وَالَارۡضُ وَمَن فِيهِنَّ

The seven heavens and the earth and all that is therein, glorify Him

meaning the creatures that dwell therein, sanctify Him, exalt Him, venerate Him, glorify Him and magnify Him far above what these idolators say, and they bear witness that He is One in His Lordship and Divinity. In everything there is a sign of Allah indicating that He is One.

As Allah says:

تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرۡنَ مِنۡهُ وَتَنشَقُّ الاٌّرۡضُ وَتَخِرُّ الۡجِبَالُ هَدّاً

أَن دَعَوۡا لِلرَّحۡمَـنِ وَلَداً

Whereby the heavens are almost torn, and the earth is split asunder, and the mountains fall in ruins, That they ascribe child to the Most Beneficent. (19:90-91)

وَإِن مِّن شَيۡءٍ إِلاَّ يُسَبِّحُ بِحَمۡدَهِ

and there is not a thing but glorifies His praise.

there is no created being that does not celebrate the praises of Allah.

وَلَـكِن لاَّ تَفۡقَهُونَ تَسۡبِيحَهُمۡ

But you understand not their glorification.

means, `You do not understand them, O mankind, because it is not like your languages.'

This applies to all creatures generally, animal, inanimate and botanical.

This is the better known of the two opinions according to the most reliable of two opinions.

It was reported in Sahih Al-Bukhari that Ibn Mas`ud said:

""We used to hear the Tasbih of the food as it was being eaten.""

Imam Ahmad recorded that (Mu`adh bin Anas said that) the Messenger of Allah came upon some people who were sitting on their mounts and talking to one another. He said to them:

ارۡكَبُوهَا سَالِمَةً وَدَعُوهَا سَالِمَةً وَلَا تَتَّخِذُوهَا كَرَاسِيَّ لاَِحَادِيثِكُمۡ فِي الطُّرُقِ وَالاَۡسۡوَاقِ فَرُبَّ مَرۡكُوبَةٍ خَيۡرٌ مِنۡ رَاكِبِهَا وَأَكۡثَرُ ذِكۡرًااِللهِ مِنۡه

Ride them safely then leave them safely. Do not use them as chairs for you to have conversations in the streets and marketplaces, because the one that is ridden may be better than the one who rides it, and may remember Allah more than he does.

An-Nasa'i recorded in his Sunan that Abdullah bin `Amr said:

""The Messenger of Allah forbade us from killing frogs.""

إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا

Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.

means, He does not hasten to punish those who disobey Him, rather He gives them time and waits, then if they persist in their stubborn Kufr, He seizes them with a punishment of the All-Mighty, All-Capable.

It was recorded in the Two Sahihs that:

إِنَّ اللهَ لَيُمۡلِي لِلظَّالِمِ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخَذَهُ لَمۡ يُفۡلِتۡه

Allah will let the wrongdoer carry on until, when He does seize him, He will never let him go.

Then the Messenger of Allah recited:

وَكَذلِكَ أَخۡذُ رَبِّكَ إِذَا أَخَذَ الۡقُرَى وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ

Such is the punishment of your Lord when He seizes the (population of) towns while they are doing wrong.(11:02)

Allah says:

وَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرۡيَةٍ أَمۡلَيۡتُ لَهَا وَهِىَ ظَـلِمَةٌ

And many a township did I give respite while it was given to wrongdoing. (22:45) until the end of two Ayat.

فَكَأَيِّن مِّن قَرۡيَةٍ أَهۡلَكۡنَـهَا وَهِىَ ظَالِمَةٌ

And many a township did We destroy while they were given to wrongdoing. (22:48)

Whoever gives up his disbelief and disobedience, and turns back to Allah in repentance, Allah will accept his repentance, as He says:

وَمَن يَعۡمَلۡ سُوءاً أَوۡ يَظۡلِمۡ نَفۡسَهُ ثُمَّ يَسۡتَغۡفِرِ اللَّه

And whoever does evil or wrongs himself but afterwards seeks Allah's forgiveness. (4:110)

Here, Allah says:

إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا

Truly, He is Ever Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving.

At the end of Surah Fatir, He says:

إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُمۡسِكُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرۡضَ أَن تَزُولَا وَلَيِن زَالَتَأ إِنۡ أَمۡسَكَهُمَا مِنۡ أَحَدٍ مِّن بَعۡدِهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيماً غَفُوراً

Verily, Allah grasps the heavens and the earth lest they should move away from their places, and if they were to move away from their places, there is not one that could grasp them after Him. Truly, He is Ever Most Forbearing, Oft-Forgiving... until His saying;

وَلَوۡ يُوَاخِذُ اللَّهُ النَّاسَ

And if Allah were to punish men. (35:41-45)"

Al-Isra: 40

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