Hud: 10

Ayah

Word by Word

وَلَئِنۡ

But if

أَذَقۡنَٰهُ

We give him a taste

نَعۡمَآءَ

(of) favor

بَعۡدَ

after

ضَرَّآءَ

hardship

مَسَّتۡهُ

(has) touched him

لَيَقُولَنَّ

surely he will say

ذَهَبَ

Have gone

ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتُ

the evils

عَنِّيٓۚ

from me

إِنَّهُۥ

Indeed he

لَفَرِحٞ

(is) exultant

فَخُورٌ

(and) boastful

Translation

But if We give him a taste of (Our) favours after adversity hath touched him, he is sure to say, "All evil has departed from me:" Behold! he falls into exultation and pride.

Tafsir

"The changing of Man's Attitude in Happiness and Hardship

Allah says;

وَلَيِنۡ أَذَقۡنَا الاِنۡسَانَ مِنَّا رَحۡمَةً ثُمَّ نَزَعۡنَاهَا مِنۡهُ إِنَّهُ لَيَيُوسٌ كَفُورٌ

وَلَيِنۡ أَذَقۡنَاهُ نَعۡمَاء بَعۡدَ ضَرَّاء مَسَّتۡهُ

And if We give man a taste of mercy from Us, and then withdraw it from him, verily, he is despairing, ungrateful.

But if We let him taste good (favor) after evil (poverty and harm) has touched him,

Allah, the Exalted, informs about mankind and the blameworthy characteristics that he possesses, except for those believing servants upon whom Allah has bestowed His mercy.

Allah explains that when any hardship befalls man, after he has experienced blessings, he is disheartened and he despairs of any good in the future. He denies and rejects (the bounties of) his previous condition. Thus, he behaves as if he has never seen any good and he loses all hope for relief (from his situation).

Likewise, if any blessing befalls him after displeasure,

لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السَّيِّيَاتُ عَنِّي

he is sure to say, ""Ills have departed from me.""

This means that he will claim that no harm or calamity will afflict him after this (blessing).

إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ

Surely, he is exultant and boastful (ungrateful to Allah).

This means that he is pleased with what he has in his hand and ungrateful (to Allah). At the same time he is boastful towards others.

Allah, the Exalted, then says

إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُواۡ

Except those who show patience,

meaning, those who show patience during times of hardship and adversity.

In reference to Allah's statement,

وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّالِحَاتِ

and do righteous good deeds,

This means that they perform the good deeds in times of ease and good health.

Concerning the statement,

أُوۡلَـيِكَ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ

those, theirs will be forgiveness,

meaning, that they will be forgiven due to the calamities that afflicted them.

Concerning Allah's statement,

وَأَجۡرٌ كَبِيرٌ

and a great reward.

This great reward is due to them because of what they sent forth (of good deeds) in their times of ease.

This is similar to what is mentioned in the Hadith,

وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَاا يُصِيبُ الۡمُوۡمِنَ هَمٌّ وَلَاا غَمٌّ وَلَاا نَصَبٌ وَلَاا وَصَبٌ وَلَاا حَزَنٌ حَتَّى الشَّوۡكَةُ يُشَاكُهَا إِلاَّ كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنۡهُ بِهَا مِنۡ خَطَايَاه

By He in Whose Hand is my soul! No worry, calamity, distress, illness, or grief strikes a believer, even the prick of a thorn, except that Allah will expiate his sins for him because of it.

In the Sahih it is recorded that the Prophet said,

وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَاا يَقۡضِي اللهُ لِلۡمُوۡمِنِ قَضَاءً إِلاَّ كَانَ خَيۡرًا لَهُ

إِنۡ أَصَابَتۡهُ سَرَّاءُ فَشَكَرَ كَانَ خَيۡرًا لَهُ

وَإِنۡ أَصَابَتۡهُ ضَرَّاءُ فَصَبَرَ كَانَ خَيۡرًا لَهُ وَلَيۡسَ ذَلِكَ لاِإَحَدٍ غَيۡرِ الۡمُوۡمِن

By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Allah does not decree any matter for the believer except that it is good for him.

If any blessing befalls him, he is thankful (to Allah) and that is good for him.

If any harm comes to him, he is patient and that is also good for him. This is (a bounty) exclusively for the believer.

For this reason, Allah, the Exalted, says,

وَالۡعَصۡرِ

إِنَّ الاِنسَـنَ لَفِى خُسۡرٍ

إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّـلِحَـتِ وَتَوَاصَوۡاۡ بِالۡحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوۡاۡ بِالصَّبۡرِ

By Al-`Asr (the time). Verily, man is in loss. Except those who believe and do righteous good deeds. And recommend one another to the truth and recommend one another to patience. (103:1-3)

Allah also says,

إِنَّ الاِنسَـنَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعاً

Verily, man was created very impatient. (70:19)"

Hud: 10

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