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Ayah
Word by Word
وَلَئِنۡ
And if
أَذَقۡنَا
We give man a taste
ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ
We give man a taste
مِنَّا
(of) Mercy from Us
رَحۡمَةٗ
(of) Mercy from Us
ثُمَّ
then
نَزَعۡنَٰهَا
We withdraw it
مِنۡهُ
from him
إِنَّهُۥ
indeed, he
لَيَـُٔوسٞ
(is) despairing
كَفُورٞ
(and) ungrateful
وَلَئِنۡ
And if
أَذَقۡنَا
We give man a taste
ٱلۡإِنسَٰنَ
We give man a taste
مِنَّا
(of) Mercy from Us
رَحۡمَةٗ
(of) Mercy from Us
ثُمَّ
then
نَزَعۡنَٰهَا
We withdraw it
مِنۡهُ
from him
إِنَّهُۥ
indeed, he
لَيَـُٔوسٞ
(is) despairing
كَفُورٞ
(and) ungrateful
Translation
If We give man a taste of Mercy from Ourselves, and then withdraw it from him, behold! he is in despair and (falls into) blasphemy.
Tafsir
And if We cause, the disbelieving, man to taste some mercy from Us, [such as] wealth and [good] health, and then wrest it from him, lo! he is despairing, having lost hope of God's mercy, ungrateful, intensely ungrateful to Him.
"The changing of Man's Attitude in Happiness and Hardship
Allah says;
وَلَيِنۡ أَذَقۡنَا الاِنۡسَانَ مِنَّا رَحۡمَةً ثُمَّ نَزَعۡنَاهَا مِنۡهُ إِنَّهُ لَيَيُوسٌ كَفُورٌ
وَلَيِنۡ أَذَقۡنَاهُ نَعۡمَاء بَعۡدَ ضَرَّاء مَسَّتۡهُ
And if We give man a taste of mercy from Us, and then withdraw it from him, verily, he is despairing, ungrateful.
But if We let him taste good (favor) after evil (poverty and harm) has touched him,
Allah, the Exalted, informs about mankind and the blameworthy characteristics that he possesses, except for those believing servants upon whom Allah has bestowed His mercy.
Allah explains that when any hardship befalls man, after he has experienced blessings, he is disheartened and he despairs of any good in the future. He denies and rejects (the bounties of) his previous condition. Thus, he behaves as if he has never seen any good and he loses all hope for relief (from his situation).
Likewise, if any blessing befalls him after displeasure,
لَيَقُولَنَّ ذَهَبَ السَّيِّيَاتُ عَنِّي
he is sure to say, ""Ills have departed from me.""
This means that he will claim that no harm or calamity will afflict him after this (blessing).
إِنَّهُ لَفَرِحٌ فَخُورٌ
Surely, he is exultant and boastful (ungrateful to Allah).
This means that he is pleased with what he has in his hand and ungrateful (to Allah). At the same time he is boastful towards others.
Allah, the Exalted, then says
إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُواۡ
Except those who show patience,
meaning, those who show patience during times of hardship and adversity.
In reference to Allah's statement,
وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّالِحَاتِ
and do righteous good deeds,
This means that they perform the good deeds in times of ease and good health.
Concerning the statement,
أُوۡلَـيِكَ لَهُم مَّغۡفِرَةٌ
those, theirs will be forgiveness,
meaning, that they will be forgiven due to the calamities that afflicted them.
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَأَجۡرٌ كَبِيرٌ
and a great reward.
This great reward is due to them because of what they sent forth (of good deeds) in their times of ease.
This is similar to what is mentioned in the Hadith,
وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَاا يُصِيبُ الۡمُوۡمِنَ هَمٌّ وَلَاا غَمٌّ وَلَاا نَصَبٌ وَلَاا وَصَبٌ وَلَاا حَزَنٌ حَتَّى الشَّوۡكَةُ يُشَاكُهَا إِلاَّ كَفَّرَ اللهُ عَنۡهُ بِهَا مِنۡ خَطَايَاه
By He in Whose Hand is my soul! No worry, calamity, distress, illness, or grief strikes a believer, even the prick of a thorn, except that Allah will expiate his sins for him because of it.
In the Sahih it is recorded that the Prophet said,
وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَاا يَقۡضِي اللهُ لِلۡمُوۡمِنِ قَضَاءً إِلاَّ كَانَ خَيۡرًا لَهُ
إِنۡ أَصَابَتۡهُ سَرَّاءُ فَشَكَرَ كَانَ خَيۡرًا لَهُ
وَإِنۡ أَصَابَتۡهُ ضَرَّاءُ فَصَبَرَ كَانَ خَيۡرًا لَهُ وَلَيۡسَ ذَلِكَ لاِإَحَدٍ غَيۡرِ الۡمُوۡمِن
By He in Whose Hand is my soul! Allah does not decree any matter for the believer except that it is good for him.
If any blessing befalls him, he is thankful (to Allah) and that is good for him.
If any harm comes to him, he is patient and that is also good for him. This is (a bounty) exclusively for the believer.
For this reason, Allah, the Exalted, says,
وَالۡعَصۡرِ
إِنَّ الاِنسَـنَ لَفِى خُسۡرٍ
إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ وَعَمِلُواۡ الصَّـلِحَـتِ وَتَوَاصَوۡاۡ بِالۡحَقِّ وَتَوَاصَوۡاۡ بِالصَّبۡرِ
By Al-`Asr (the time). Verily, man is in loss. Except those who believe and do righteous good deeds. And recommend one another to the truth and recommend one another to patience. (103:1-3)
Allah also says,
إِنَّ الاِنسَـنَ خُلِقَ هَلُوعاً
Verily, man was created very impatient. (70:19)"
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