Hud: 1

Ayah

Word by Word

الٓرۚ

Alif Lam Ra

كِتَٰبٌ

(This is) a Book

أُحۡكِمَتۡ

are perfected

ءَايَٰتُهُۥ

its Verses

ثُمَّ

moreover

فُصِّلَتۡ

explained in detail

مِن

from

لَّدُنۡ

the One Who

حَكِيمٍ

(is) All-Wise

خَبِيرٍ

All-Aware

Translation

A. L. R. (This is) a Book, with verses basic or fundamental (of established meaning), further explained in detail,- from One Who is Wise and Well-acquainted (with all things):

Tafsir

"Tafsir of Surah Hud

The Qur'an and its Call to (worship) Allah Alone

Allah says:

الَر

Alif Lam Ra.

A discussion concerning the letters of the alphabet (which appear at the beginning of some chapters of the Qur'an) has already preceded at the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah. That discussion is sufficient without any need for repetition here.

كِتَابٌ

(This is) a Book, (referring Al-Qur'an).

Concerning Allah's statement,

أُحۡكِمَتۡ ايَاتُهُ ثُمَّ فُصِّلَتۡ

The Ayat whereof are perfect and then explained in detail

This means perfect in its wording, detailed in its meaning. Thus, it is complete in its form and its meaning.

This interpretation was reported from Mujahid and Qatadah, and Ibn Jarir (At-Tabari) preferred it.

Concerning the meaning of Allah's statement,

مِن لَّدُنۡ حَكِيمٍ خَبِيرٍ

from One (Allah), Who is All-Wise, Well-Acquainted.

This means that it (the Qur'an) is from Allah, Who is Most Wise in His statements and His Laws, and Most Aware of the final outcome of matters

أَلاَّ تَعۡبُدُواۡ إِلاَّ اللّهَ

(Saying) worship none but Allah.

This means that this Qur'an descended, perfect and detailed, with the purpose of Allah's worship alone, without any partners.

This is similar to the statement of Allah, the Exalted,

وَمَأ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ مِن رَّسُولٍ إِلاَّ نُوحِى إِلَيۡهِ أَنَّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ أَنَاۡ فَاعۡبُدُونِ

And We did not send any Messenger before you but We revealed to him (saying):There is no God but I, so worship Me. (21:25)

It is similar to Allah's statement,

وَلَقَدۡ بَعَثۡنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعۡبُدُواۡ اللَّهَ وَاجۡتَنِبُواۡ الۡطَّـغُوتَ

And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming):`Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid Taghut (calling false deities).' (16:36)

In reference to Allah's statement,

إِنَّنِي لَكُم مِّنۡهُ نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ

Verily, I am unto you from Him a warner and a bringer of glad tidings.

This means, ""Verily, I am unto you a warner of the punishment if you oppose Him (Allah), and a bringer of the good news of reward if you obey Him.""

This meaning has been recorded in the authentic Hadith which states that the Messenger of Allah ascended mount As-Safa and called out to his near relatives of the Quraysh tribe. When they gathered around him, he said,

يَا مَعۡشَرَ قُرَيۡشٍ أَرَأَيۡتُمۡ لَوۡ أَخۡبَرۡتُكُمۡ أَنَّ خَيۡلًا تُصَبِّحُكُمۡ أَلَسۡتُمۡ مُصَدِّقِيَّ

O people of Quraysh, if I informed you that a cavalry was going to attack you in the morning, would you not believe me?

They replied, ""We have not found you to be a liar.""

He said,

فَإِنِّي نَذِيرٌ لَكُمۡ بَيۡنَ يَدَي عَذَابٍ شَدِيد

Verily I am a warner unto you before a severe punishment.

Concerning His statement

وَأَنِ اسۡتَغۡفِرُواۡ رَبَّكُمۡ ثُمَّ تُوبُواۡ إِلَيۡهِ يُمَتِّعۡكُم مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُوۡتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضۡلٍ فَضۡلَهُ

And (commanding you):`Seek the forgiveness of your Lord, and turn to Him in repentance, that He may grant you good enjoyment, for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace to every owner of grace.

This means, ""I am commanding you to seek forgiveness from previous sins and to turn to Allah from future sins, and thereafter you abide by that.""

يُمَتِّعۡكُم مَّتَاعًا حَسَنًا

(that He may grant you good enjoyment),

This is in reference to this worldly life.

إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُّسَمًّى وَيُوۡتِ كُلَّ ذِي فَضۡلٍ فَضۡلَهُ

(for a term appointed, and bestow His abounding grace to every owner of grace).

This refers to the Hereafter, according to Qatadah.

This is like the statement of Allah,

مَنۡ عَمِلَ صَـلِحاً مِّن ذَكَرٍ أَوۡ أُنۡثَى وَهُوَ مُوۡمِنٌ فَلَنُحۡيِيَنَّهُ حَيَوةً طَيِّبَةً

Whoever works righteousness -- whether male or female -- while a true believer, verily to him We will give a good life. (16:97)

Concerning Allah's statement,

وَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاۡ فَإِنِّيَ أَخَافُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ عَذَابَ يَوۡمٍ كَبِيرٍ

But if you turn away, then I fear for you the torment of a Great Day.

This is a severe threat for whoever turns away from the commandments of Allah, the Exalted, and rejects His Messengers. Verily, the punishment will afflict such a person on the Day of Resurrection and there will be no escape from it

إِلَى اللّهِ مَرۡجِعُكُمۡ

To Allah is your return,

This means your return on the Day of Judgement.

وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ قَدِيرٌ

and He is able to do all things.

This means that He is capable of doing whatever He wishes, whether it be goodness towards His Awliya' (friends and allies), or vengeance upon His enemies.

This also includes His ability to repeat the creation of His creatures on the Day of Resurrection.

This section encourages fear, just as the previous section encourages hope."

Related Q&A

Why muqotto'at verses exist in Quran?

Many scholars say that no one knows the meaning of Huruf Muqatta'at (Disjointed-Letters) except Allah. Then why they exist in the Qur'an which was sent down to the humankind?

ANSWER:

Firstly, to say that no one understands the meaning of these letters except Allah is not the consensus of all scholars. Indeed, some scholars beginning from some Shahabah (Companions) explained their meanings. Yasiin, for example, means "O human" according to Ibn 'Abbas. He also told that "Alif Lam Ra'" stands for "Ana Allah Araa" which means "I -Allah- see."

On the other hand, we should acknowledge that there are several Shahabah and scholars believe that only Allah who knows the meaning of these Huruf Muqatta'at. Abu Bakr said: "There is secret in every book. Then the secret of Allah in the Quran is these letters in the beginning of surahs." Ali ibn Abi Thalib and others also stated the same thing.

Ash-Sha'bi, a Tabi'i, was once asked about these letters. He then answered, "Every book have their secret. The secret of the Qur'an is the letters in the beginning of surahs. So, leave it and ask me other question beside it."

Yet even from this perspective, these Huruf Muqatta'at are not useless. They even show us many benefits, of them are:

- to examine our faith

- to show us that our knowledge is limited

- to show us that the Quran is in Arabic since it is arranged from these Arabic letters

- to attract listeners' attention due to their uniqueness

- to make a pledge

- to be names for some surahs

There are also interesting facts from this Huruf Muqotta'at. Of them is the total amount of these letters is 14 which is a half of 28 Arabic letters. They can be drawn up to be a sentence like this:

نص حكيم قاطع له سر

The wise, absolute text which has secret.

In short, some scholars exegete these letters while the others did not but still say that these letters have benefits and wisdoms.

Allah knows best.

See:

Ma'alim Al-Tanzil (II/249) & (VII/7)

Al-Kashshaf (I/20-28)

Hud: 1

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