ٱلْوَاقِعَة ٨٣
- فَلَوۡلَآ mengapa tidak
- إِذَا tatkala
- بَلَغَتِ telah sampai
- ٱلۡحُلۡقُومَ kerongkongan
Maka kalau begitu mengapa (tidak mencegah) ketika (nyawa) telah sampai di kerongkongan,
(Maka mengapa tidak) kenapa tidak (sewaktu nyawa sampai) pada saat menjelang kematian (di tenggorokan) yakni pada saat nyawa sampai pada kerongkongan.
Tafsir Surat Al-Waqi'ah: 83-87
Maka mengapa ketika nyawa sampai di kerongkongan, padahal ketika itu kamu melihat, dan Kami lebih dekat kepadanya daripada kamu. Tetapi kamu tidak melihat, maka mengapa jika kamu tidak dikuasai (oleh Allah)? Kamu tidak mengembalikan nyawa itu (kepada tempatnya) jika kamu adalah orang-orang yang benar. Firman Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala: Maka mengapa ketika sampai. (Al-W'aqi'ah: 83) Yakni nyawa atau ruh. di kerongkongan. (Al-Waqi'ah: 83) Maksudnya, tenggorokan. Hal ini terjadi di saat seseorang mengalami ihtidar (sekarat)nya, semakna dengan apa yang disebutkan dalam ayat lain melalui firman-Nya: .
Sekali-kali jangan. Apabila napas (seseorang) telah (mendesak) sampai ke kerongkongan, dan dikatakan (kepadanya), "Siapakah yang dapat menyembuhkan? Dan dia yakin bahwa sesungguhnya itulah waktu perpisahan (dengan dunia), dan bertaut betis (kiri) dengan betis (kanan), kepada Tuhanmulah pada hari itu kamu digiring. (Al-Qiyamah: 26-30) Karena itulah dalam surat ini disebutkan: padahal ketika itu kamu melihat. (Al-Waqi'ah: 84) Yakni kepada orang yang sedang ihtidar dan sakaratulmaut yang dialaminya. dan Kami lebih dekat kepadanya daripada kamu. (Al-Waqi'ah: 85) Yaitu melalui malaikat-malaikat Kami. Tetapi kamu tidak melihat. (Al-Waqi'ah: 85) Artinya, tetapi kalian tidak melihat mereka, sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam ayat lain melalui firman-Nya: Dan Dialah yang mempunyai kekuasaan tertinggi di atas semua hamba-Nya, dan diutus-Nya kepadamu malaikat-malaikat penjaga, sehingga apabila datang kematian kepada salah seorang di antara kamu, ia diwafatkan oleh malaikat-malaikat Kami, dan malaikat-malaikat Kami itu tidak melalaikan kewajibannya.
Kemudian mereka (hamba Allah) dikembalikan kepada Allah. Penguasa mereka yang sebenarnya. Ketahuilah, bahwa segala hukum (pada hari itu) kepunyaan-Nya. Dan Dialah Pembuat perhitungan yang paling cepat. (Al-An'am: 61-62) Adapun firman Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala: maka mengapa jika kamu tidak dikuasai (oleh Allah)? Kamu tidak mengembalikan nyawa itu (kepada tempatnya). (Al-Waqi'ah: 86-87) Maknanya ialah bahwa mengapa kamu tidak mengembalikan ruh yang sekarang telah sampai di kerongkonganmu ke tempatnya semula dalam tubuhmu, jika kamu merasa tidak berada dalam kekuasaan Allah? Menurut Ibnu Abbas makna madinin ialah dihisab. Telah diriwayatkan pula hal yang semisal dari Mujahid, Ikrimah, Al-Hasan, Qatadah, Adh-Dhahhak, As-Suddi, dan Abu Hirzah.
Sa'id ibnu Jubair dan Al-Hasan Al-Basri telah mengatakan sehubungan dengan makna firman-Nya: maka mengapajika kamu tidak dikuasai (oleh Allah)? (Al-Waqi'ah: 86) Yakni tidak percaya bahwa kamu akan dibalasi dan dibangkitkan serta dihisab, maka kembalikanlah rohmu itu ke tempatnya. Diriwayatkan pula dari Mujahid sehubungan dengan makna firman-Nya: tidak dikuasai (oleh Allah). (Al-Waqi'ah: 86) Yaitu tidak meyakini. Maimun ibnu Mahran mengatakan bahwa makna yang dimaksud ialah tidak diazab dan tidak dikalahkan.".
83-85. Pada ayat-ayat ini Allah memberi peringatan kepada mereka yang mendustakan-Nya, terlebih lagi saat sakaratul maut tiba. Bila telah tiba waktunya, semua manusia akan meninggal, maka kalau begitu mengapa kamu tidak mencegah kedatangan kematian, ketika nyawa yang menjadi tanda kehidupan telah sampai di kerongkongan, dan kamu ketika itu melihat bagaimana penderitaan orang yang sekarat itu, dan Kami serta para malaikat lebih dekat kepadanya daripada kamu, tetapi kamu ketika itu tidak melihat keberadaan Kami'83-85. Pada ayat-ayat ini Allah memberi peringatan kepada mereka yang mendustakan-Nya, terlebih lagi saat sakaratul maut tiba. Bila telah tiba waktunya, semua manusia akan meninggal, maka kalau begitu mengapa kamu tidak mencegah kedatangan kematian, ketika nyawa yang menjadi tanda kehidupan telah sampai di kerongkongan, dan kamu ketika itu melihat bagaimana penderitaan orang yang sekarat itu, dan Kami serta para malaikat lebih dekat kepadanya daripada kamu, tetapi kamu ketika itu tidak melihat keberadaan Kami'.
Ayat-ayat ini menjelaskan betapa ngerinya kalau nyawa manusia sudah sampai di tenggorokannya. Keluarga-keluarga yang hadir datang hanya untuk melihat dan menyaksikan peristiwa tersebut sebagai pertemuan terakhir. Dalam peristiwa tersebut, keluarganya tidak dapat menyaksikan malaikat yang mencabut nyawa saudaranya, padahal ia berada di sebelahnya. Keadaan ini menggambarkan bahwa setiap insan tidak dapat mempertahankan rohnya dari malaikat maut. Ini suatu bukti bahwa baik roh maupun jasad bukan milik manusia. (86-87) Ayat-ayat ini menerangkan tentang manusia yang sedang menghadapi sakratulmaut, mereka dalam keadaan sama sekali tidak berdaya, dan manakala mereka mempunyai kesanggupan dan kemampuan, tentulah mereka dapat menahan nyawa mereka ketika sampai di tenggorokan, untuk mengembalikannya kepada keadaan semula seperti ketika keadaan sehat. Anggapan mereka bahwa hari kebangkitan dan pembalasan semuanya itu tidak ada. Kenyataannya mereka tidak berdaya menahan rohnya ketika sampai di tenggorokannya, namun mereka membangkang. (88-94) Dalam ayat ini dijelaskan keadaan manusia setelah meninggal dunia. Mereka itu terbagi atas 3 golongan yaitu: 1. Golongan orang-orang yang selalu mendekatkan diri kepada Allah (al-muqarrabin) dengan mengerjakan berbagai macam ibadah dan meninggalkan segala larangan-Nya. Mereka ini akan mendapat kemenangan dan kegembiraan serta memperoleh rezeki yang luas dan macam-macam nikmat, tempat kediaman mereka di surga, di mana mereka akan menikmati di dalamnya segala sesuatu yang belum pernah dipandang oleh mata, didengar oleh telinga, dan terlintas di hati. 2. Golongan kanan yakni (al-Abrar atau Ashabul-yamin) yang akan menerima catatan amalnya dengan tangan kanannya. Mereka itu akan disambut dengan gembira oleh para malaikat sambil menyampaikan salam dari teman-teman mereka dari kalangan Ashabul-yamin. Dalam ayat lain, Allah berfirman:
Sesungguhnya orang-orang yang berkata, "Tuhan kami adalah Allah" kemudian mereka meneguhkan pendirian mereka, maka malaikat-malaikat akan turun kepada mereka (dengan berkata), "Janganlah kamu merasa takut dan janganlah kamu bersedih hati; dan bergembiralah kamu dengan (memperoleh) surga yang telah dijanjikan kepadamu." Kamilah pelindung-pelindungmu dalam kehidupan dunia dan akhirat; di dalamnya (surga) kamu memperoleh apa yang kamu inginkan dan memperoleh apa yang kamu minta. Sebagai penghormatan (bagimu) dari (Allah) Yang Maha Pengampun, Maha Penyayang. (Fussilat/41: 30-32). 3. Golongan orang-orang kafir (Ashabusy-syimal) ialah yang mendustakan Allah dan Rasul-Nya, sehingga mereka tersesat dari jalan yang lurus dan akan menerima catatan amalnya dengan tangan kirinya. Mereka akan ditempatkan dalam api neraka yang berkobar-kobar nyalanya, diberi minum air yang sangat panas, dan makan buah zaqqum sehingga menghancurkan isi perut dan seluruh kulit badan mereka.
Belum tersedia. Dibutuhkan biaya untuk menambahkan tafsir ini.
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When the Soul reaches the Throat at the Time of Death, it cannot be brought back; this proves Reckoning shall occur
Allah the Exalted said,
فَلَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ
Then why do you not (intervene) when it reaches,
in reference to the soul,
الْحُلْقُومَ
Al-Hulqum,
i.e., the throat, at the time of death.
Allah the Exalted said in other Ayat,
كَلَّ إِذَا بَلَغَتِ التَّرَاقِىَ
وَقِيلَ مَنْ رَاقٍ
وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُ الْفِرَاقُ
وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ
إِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَيِذٍ الْمَسَاقُ
Nay, when (the soul) reaches to the collar bone, and it will be said:
Who can cure him (and save him from death)
And he will conclude that it was (the time) of parting (death); And one leg will be joined with another leg (shrouded). The drive will be on that Day to your Lord (Allah). (75:26-30)
Allah said here,
وَأَنتُمْ حِينَيِذٍ تَنظُرُونَ
And you at the moment are looking,
at the dying person and witnessing the stupor of death that he is experiencing
وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنكُمْ
But We are nearer to him than you,
with Our angels,
وَلَكِن لاَّ تُبْصِرُونَ
but you see not.
you cannot see the angels.
Allah the Exalted said in another Ayah,
وَهُوَ الْقَاهِرُ فَوْقَ عِبَادِهِ وَيُرْسِلُ عَلَيْكُم حَفَظَةً حَتَّى إِذَا جَأءَ أَحَدَكُمُ الْمَوْتُ تَوَفَّتْهُ رُسُلُنَا وَهُمْ لَا يُفَرِّطُونَ
ثُمَّ رُدُّواْ إِلَى اللَّهِ مَوْلَـهُمُ الْحَقِّ أَلَا لَهُ الْحُكْمُ وَهُوَ أَسْرَعُ الْحَـسِبِينَ
He is the Irresistible over His servants, and He sends guardians (angels) over you, until when death approaches one of you, Our messengers (angel of death and his assistants) take his soul, and they never neglect their duty.
Then they are returned to Allah, their true Protector. Surely, for Him is the judgement and He is the swiftest in taking account. (6:61-62)
Allah's statement,
فَلَوْلَا إِن كُنتُمْ غَيْرَ مَدِينِينَ
تَرْجِعُونَهَا
Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin -- return the soul,
means, `Will you not return this soul, that has reached the throat, to its body as it used to be, if you are exempt from the reckoning and recompense?'
Sa`id bin Jubayr and Al-Hasan Al-Basri said,
فَلَوْلَا إِن كُنتُمْ غَيْرَ مَدِينِينَ
(Then why do you not -- if you are not Madinin. ..),
If you do not believe that you will be reckoned, recompensed, resurrected and punished, then why do you not return this soul to its body
Mujahid said that,
غَيْرَ مَدِينِينَ
(...if you are not Madinin), means,
if you are not certain.
إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ
if you are truthful?
The Condition of People at the Time of Their Death
These are the three types of conditions that people face upon their death.
Either they are among the near believers or
those below their rank on the right, or
those who denied the truth, were led astray from the guidance and were ignorant about Allah.
Allah said,
فَأَمَّا إِن كَانَ
Then if he,
in reference to the dying person,
مِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ
be of the Muqarrabun,
who fulfilled the obligations and the recommended acts of worship and avoided the forbidden and disliked matters and even some of the allowed,
فَرَوْحٌ وَرَيْحَانٌ وَجَنَّةُ نَعِيمٍ
then for him Rawh, Rayhan and a Garden of Delights.
Theirs will be Rawh and Rayhan; and the glad tidings of these traits will be conveyed to them by the angels at the time of death.
We mentioned before the Prophet's Hadith narrated from Al-Bara' in which the angels of mercy say (to a dying, believing person),
أَيَّتُهَا الرُّوحُ الطَّيِّبَةُ فِي الْجَسَدِ الطَّيِّبِ كُنْتِ تَعْمُرِينَه اخْرُجِي إِلَى رَوْحٍ وَرَيْحَانٍ وَرَبَ غَيْرِ غَضْبَان
O good soul in the good body that you inhabited, come to Rawh, Rayhan and a Lord Who is not angry.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas,
Rawh means rest, and Rayhan means place of rest.
Mujahid said similarly that Rawh means rest.
Abu Hazrah said that Rawh means:Rest from the world.
Sa`id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi said that it means to rejoice.
And from Mujahid,
فَرَوْحٌ وَرَيْحَانٌ
(Rawh and Rayhan) means:
Paradise and delights.
Qatadah said that Rawh means mercy.
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Sa`id bin Jubayr said that Rayhan means provisions.
All of these explanations are correct and similar in meaning. The near believers who die will earn all of these; mercy, rest, provision, joy, happiness and good delights,
وَجَنَّةُ نَعِيمٍ
(and a Garden of Delights).
Abu Al-`Aliyah said,
None of the near believers will depart (this life) until after he is brought a branch of the Rayhan of Paradise and his soul is captured in it.
Muhammad bin Ka`b said,
Every person who dies will know upon his death if he is among the people of Paradise or the people of the Fire.
In the Sahih, it is recorded that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ أَرْوَاحَ الشُّهَدَاءِ فِي حَوَاصِلِ طُيُورٍ خُضْرٍ تَسْرَحُ فِي رِيَاضِ الْجَنَّةِ حَيْثُ شَاءَتْ ثُمَّ تَأْوِي إِلَى قَنَادِيلَ مُعَلَّقَةٍ بِالْعَرْش
The souls of the martyrs live in the bodies of green birds flying wherever they wish in the Gardens of Paradise, and then rest to their nests in chandeliers hung from the Throne of the Almighty....
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ata' bin As-Sa'ib said,
The first day I ﷺ Abdur-Rahman bin Abi Layla, I ﷺ an old man whose hair had become white on his head and beard. He was riding his donkey and following a funeral. I heard him say, `So-and-so narrated to me that he heard the Messenger of Allah say,
مَنْ أَحَبَّ لِقَاءَ اللهِ أَحَبَّ اللهُ لِقَاءَهُ وَمَنْ كَرِهَ لِقَاءَ اللهِ كَرِهَ اللهُ لِقَاءَه
He who likes to meet Allah, Allah likes to meet him, and he who hates to meet Allah, Allah hates to meet him.
The people around him started weeping, and he asked them why they wept.
They said, `All of us hate death.'
He said,
لَيْسَ ذَاكَ وَلكِنَّهُ إِذَا احْتُضِرَ
It does not mean that. When one dies:
فَأَمَّا إِن كَانَ مِنَ الْمُقَرَّبِينَ
-
فَرَوْحٌ وَرَيْحَانٌ وَجَنَّةُ نَعِيمٍ
Then, if he be of the near believers, then for him are Rawh, Rayhan, and a Garden of Delights.
فَإِذَا بُشِّرَ بِذلِكَ أَحَبَّ لِقَاءَ اللهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَاللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِلِقَائِهِ أَحَبُّ
and when this good news is conveyed to him, he likes to meet Allah the Exalted and Most Honored and Allah the Exalted and Most Honored likes, even more, to meet him,
وَأَمَّا إِن كَانَ مِنَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ الضَّالِّينَ
فَنُزُلٌ مِّنْ حَمِيمٍ
وَتَصْلِيَةُ جَحِيم
But if he be of the denying, the erring, then for him is an entertainment with Hamim. And entry in Hellfire.
فَإذَا بُشِّرَ بِذلِكَ كَرِهَ لِقَاءَ اللهِ وَاللهُ تَعَالَى لِلِقَايِهِ أَكْرَه
and when this news is conveyed to him, he hates to meet Allah and Allah hates, even more, to meet him.
This is the narration that Imam Ahmad collected; and in the Sahih, there is a Hadith with this meaning collected from A'ishah.
Allah's statement,
وَأَمَّا إِن كَانَ مِنَ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ
And if he be of those on the right,
means, if he, the dying person, is among those on the right,
فَسَلَمٌ لَّكَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ الْيَمِينِ
Then Salam (peace) to you from those on the right,
meaning, the angels will deliver the good news to them by saying, Peace be upon you, i.e., be calm, you will be led to safety, you are among those on the right, as Ikrimah said, The angels will greet him with the Salam and convey to him the news that he is among those on the right.
This is a good explanation, and it conforms with Allah's statement,
إِنَّ الَّذِينَ قَالُواْ رَبُّنَا اللَّهُ ثُمَّ اسْتَقَـمُواْ تَتَنَزَّلُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَـيِكَةُ أَلاَّ تَخَافُواْ وَلَا تَحْزَنُواْ وَأَبْشِرُواْ بِالْجَنَّةِ الَّتِى كُنتُمْ تُوعَدُونَ
نَحْنُ أَوْلِيَأوُكُمْ فِى الْحَيَوةِ الدُّنْيَا وَفِى الاٌّخِرَةِ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَشْتَهِى أَنفُسُكُمْ وَلَكُمْ فِيهَا مَا تَدَّعُونَ
نُزُلاً مِّنْ غَفُورٍ رَّحِيمٍ
Verily, those who say:Our Lord is Allah. and then they stand firm, on them the angles will descend (at the time of their death) (saying):Fear not, nor grieve! But receive the glad tidings of Paradise which you have been promised! We have been your friends in the life of this world and are (so) in the Hereafter. Therein you shall have (all) that your souls desire, and therein you shall have (all) for which you ask. An entertainment from the Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful. (41:30-32).
Allah's statement,
وَأَمَّا إِن كَانَ مِنَ الْمُكَذِّبِينَ الضَّالِّينَ
فَنُزُلٌ مِّنْ حَمِيمٍ
وَتَصْلِيَةُ جَحِيمٍ
But if he be of the denying, the erring, then for him is an entertainment with Hamim (boiling water) and entry in Hellfire.
meaning, if the dying person is one of those who denied the truth, who were led astray from guidance,
فَنُزُلٌ
(then for him is an entertainment), meaning, as a guest
مِّنْ حَمِيمٍ
(with Hamim), that dissolves his intestines and skin,
وَتَصْلِيَةُ جَحِيمٍ
(And entry in Hellfire). he will reside in Hellfire, which will engulf him from every direction.
Allah the Exalted said, next,
إِنَّ هَذَا لَهُوَ حَقُّ الْيَقِينِ
Verily, this! This is an absolute truth with certainty.
meaning, this news is the truth; there is no doubt about it, nor escape from it for anyone,
فَسَبِّحْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الْعَظِيمِ
So, glorify with praises the Name of your Lord, the Most Great.
Jabir narrated that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَنْ قَالَ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ الْعَظِيمِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ غُرِسَتْ لَهُ نَخْلَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّة
He who says, Glory be to Allah the Magnificent and with His praise! then a date tree will be planted for him in Paradise.
This Hadith was collected by At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i;
At-Tirmidhi said, Hasan Gharib.
Al-Bukhari recorded in his book (Sahih) that Abu Hurayrah said that the Messenger of Allah said,
كَلِمَتَانِ خَفِيفَتَانِ عَلَى اللِّسَانِ ثَقِيلَتَانِ فِي الْمِيزَانِ حَبِيبَتَانِ إِلَى الرَّحْمنِ
سُبْحَانَ اللهِ وَبِحَمْدِهِ سُبْحَانَ اللهِ الْعَظِيم
(There are) two statements that are light on the tongue, but heavy on the Balance, and most beloved to Ar-Rahman:
Glory be to Allah and with His praise, glory be to Allah the Magnificent.
The Group, with the exception of Abu Dawud, collected this.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Waqi`ah, all praise and thanks are due to Allah and all the favors come from Him.
Why then, when it, the spirit, during the throes [of death], reaches the [dying person's] throat (hulqoom is the passage for food)
In the current verse the word is used in the sense of hypocrisy and rejection of Allah's verses carelessly.
لَوْلَا إِذَا بَلَغَتِ الْحُلْقُومَ ﴿83﴾ وَأَنتُمْ حِينَئِذٍ تَنظُرُونَ ﴿84﴾ وَنَحْنُ أَقْرَبُ إِلَيْهِ مِنكُمْ وَلَـٰكِن لَّا تُبْصِرُونَ ﴿85﴾ فَلَوْلَا إِن كُنتُمْ غَيْرَ مَدِينِينَ ﴿86﴾ تَرْجِعُونَهَا إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ ﴿87﴾
(So why [ do you ] not [ interfere ] when the soul [ of a dying person ] reaches the throat, and you are watching? And We are closer to him than you, but you do not perceive. So, if you are not going to be recompensed [ in the Hereafter for your deeds ], then why do you not bring the soul back, if you are truthful?...56:83-87)
The preceding verses proved two facts through rational arguments and by swearing an oath by the falling stars: [ 1] that the Holy Qur'an-is the word of Allah. Neither Jinn nor devil can ever tamper with it. Everything it contains is the truth; and [ 2] one of the most fundamental articles of faith enshrined in the Qur'an is the Day of Resurrection and Reckoning. Towards the end of the passage, it is mentioned that the infidels and idolaters, in spite of clear arguments and evidence, reject life after death.
Their denial of Resurrection by the unbelievers, in a way, amounts to a claim that their lives and souls are under their own control, and they have a say in the matter of life and death. In order to refute this assumption, the above verses give the example of a dying person. When the soul reaches his throat, all of his near and dear ones look at him and express their desire that he may live longer, but none of them is able to intervene and save his life. All the people around him seem absolutely helpless. However, Allah is nearer to the dying person than the people around him even though they are unable to see Him. In other words, that is, He is nearer to him in terms of knowledge and power. He is fully aware of the person's inner and outer conditions and has complete control over him.
In short, it is not within people's power to get together and save a soul or life. Allah is nearer to a dying person than his soul or life. Allah has pre-designated a particular time for the soul to be separated from the body. None can avert it. In view of this graphic picture, the disbelievers are reminded that if they think that they cannot be resurrected after death, and they are too strong to come under Allah's grasp, then they must restore the soul when it has reached the throat and is about to depart from the body or it has already departed and died. If it is not possible to do any of these, how illogical or irrational it is for man to think that he can escape the Divine grasp and reject life after death!
