ٱلْأَحْزَاب ٣٦
- وَمَا And not
- كَانَ (it) is
- لِمُؤۡمِنٖ for a believing man
- وَلَا and not
- مُؤۡمِنَةٍ (for) a believing woman
- إِذَا when
- قَضَى Allah has decided
- ٱللَّهُ Allah has decided
- وَرَسُولُهُۥٓ and His Messenger
- أَمۡرًا a matter
- أَن that
- يَكُونَ (there) should be
- لَهُمُ for them
- ٱلۡخِيَرَةُ (any) choice
- مِنۡ about
- أَمۡرِهِمۡۗ their affair
- وَمَن And whoever
- يَعۡصِ disobeys
- ٱللَّهَ Allah
- وَرَسُولَهُۥ and His Messenger
- فَقَدۡ certainly
- ضَلَّ he (has) strayed
- ضَلَٰلٗا (into) error
- مُّبِينٗا clear
It is not for a believing man or a believing woman, when Allāh and His Messenger have decided a matter, that they should [thereafter] have any choice about their affair. And whoever disobeys Allāh and His Messenger has certainly strayed into clear error.
And it is not [fitting] for any believing man or believing woman, when God and His Messenger have decided on a matter, to have (read takoona or yakoona) a choice in their matter, in contravention of the decision of God and His Messenger. This [verse] was revealed regarding 'Abd Allaah ibn Jahsh and his sister Zaynab, whose hand the Prophet had asked for in marriage, but meaning on behalf of Zayd ibn Haaritha. They were loathe to this [proposal] when they found out [that it was on the latter's behalf], for they had thought that the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him wanted to marry her himself. But afterwards they consented because of the [following part of the] verse: And whoever disobeys God and His Messenger has certainly strayed into manifest error. Thus the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him gave her in marriage to Zayd. Then on one occasion he [the Prophet] caught sight of her and felt love for her, whereafter [when he realised that] Zayd lost his affection for her and so said to the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, 'I want to part with her'. But the Prophet said to him, 'Retain your wife for yourself', as God, exalted be He, says:
Allah's rebuke to His Messenger and the Story of Zayd and Zaynab
Allah tells;
وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ
And (remember) when you said to him on whom Allah has bestowed grace,
Allah tells what His Prophet said to his freed slave Zayd bin Harithah, may Allah be pleased with him, who was the one on whom Allah had bestowed grace, i.e., through Islam and following the Messenger .
وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ
and you have done a favor (to him),
means, by freeing him from slavery.
And he was a great leader, held in high esteem and beloved by the Prophet. He was known as the beloved, and his son Usamah was known as the beloved son of the beloved.
A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said:
The Messenger of Allah never sent him on a campaign but he appointed him as its commander, and if he had lived after him he would have appointed him as his Khalifah.
This was recorded by Imam Ahmad.
The Messenger of Allah had given him in marriage to the daughter of his paternal aunt, Zaynab bint Jahsh Al-Asadiyyah, may Allah be pleased with her, whose mother was Umaymah bint Abd Al-Muttalib. For her dowry he gave her ten Dinars, sixty Dirhams, a veil, a cloak and a shirt, fifty Mudds of food and ten Mudds of dates.
This was stated by Muqatil bin Hayyan.
She stayed with him for a year, more or less, then problems arose between them. Zayd complained about her to the Messenger of Allah, who told him,
أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ
Keep your wife to yourself, and have Taqwa of Allah.
Allah says:
وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَاهُ
But you did hide in yourself that which Allah will make manifest, you did fear the people whereas Allah had a better right that you should fear Him.
Ibn Jarir narrated that A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said,
If Muhammad were to have concealed anything that was revealed to him of the Book of Allah, he would have concealed this Ayah:
وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَن تَخْشَاهُ
But you did hide in yourself that which Allah will make manifest, you did fear the people whereas Allah had a better right that you should fear Him.
فَلَمَّا قَضَى زَيْدٌ مِّنْهَا وَطَرًا زَوَّجْنَاكَهَا
So, when Zayd had completed his aim with her, We gave her to you in marriage,
meaning, `when her marriage to Zayd was over and he had separated from her, We married her to you,' and the One Who was her Wali (guardian) in this marriage was Allah Himself, in the sense that He revealed to the Prophet that he should go in unto her without any Wali, contractual agreement, dowry or witnesses among mankind.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Thabit said that Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
When Zaynab's `Iddah finished, may Allah be pleased with her, the Messenger of Allah said to Zayd bin Harithah,
اذْهَبْ فَاذْكُرْهَا عَلَي
Go to her and tell her about me (that I want to marry her).
So, he went to her and found her kneading dough. He (Zayd) said, `When I ﷺ her I felt such respect for her that I could not even look at her and tell her what the Messenger of Allah had said, so I turned my back to her and stepped aside, and said, `O Zaynab! Rejoice, for the Messenger of Allah has sent me to propose marriage to you on his behalf.'
She said, `I will not do anything until I pray to my Lord, may He be glorified.'
So she went to the place where she usually prayed.
Then Qur'an was revealed and the Messenger of Allah came and entered without permission. We were there when she entered upon the Messenger of Allah, and for the wedding feast we offered bread and meat. Then the people left, and some men stayed behind conversing in the house after they had eaten. The Messenger of Allah went out and I followed him. He started to go around all the apartments of his wives, greeting them, and they said, `O Messenger of Allah, how did you find your (new) wife!'
I do not know whether I or someone else told him that those people had left, so he went and entered the house, and I went to enter after him, but he drew the curtain between himself and I.
The ruling of Hijab was revealed and he exhorted the people as Allah had exhorted them:
لَا تَدْخُلُواْ بُيُوتَ النَّبِىِّ إِلااَّ أَن يُوْذَنَ لَكُمْ
Enter not the Prophet's houses, unless permission is given to you.
This was also recorded by Muslim and An-Nasa'i.
Al-Bukhari, may Allah have mercy on him, recorded that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said,
Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, used to boast to the other wives of the Prophet, saying, `Your families arranged your marriages, but Allah arranged my marriage from above the seven heavens.'
In (our Tafsir of) Surah An-Nur we mentioned that Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Jahsh said:
Zaynab and A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with them, were boasting to one another; Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her, said, `I am the one whose marriage was revealed from above the heaven.'
A'ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, said, `I am the one whose innocence was revealed from heaven.'
So, Zaynab conceded that, may Allah be pleased with her.
Allah says;
لِكَيْ لَا يَكُونَ عَلَى الْمُوْمِنِينَ حَرَجٌ فِي أَزْوَاجِ أَدْعِيَايِهِمْ إِذَا قَضَوْا مِنْهُنَّ وَطَرًا
so that there may be no difficulty to the believers in respect of the wives of their adopted sons when the latter have no desire to keep them.
means, `We permitted you to marry her, and We did that so that there would no longer be any difficulty for the believers with regard to their marrying the ex-wives of their adopted sons.'
Before Prophethood, the Messenger of Allah had adopted Zayd bin Harithah, may Allah be pleased with him, and he was known as Zayd, the son of Muhammad. Allah put a stop to this when He said:
وَمَا جَعَلَ أَدْعِيَأءَكُمْ أَبْنَأءَكُمْ
(nor has He made your adopted sons your real sons) until:
ادْعُوهُمْ لاًّبَأيِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ اللَّهِ
(Call them after their fathers, that is more just with Allah. (33:4-5),
Then this was confirmed and made even clearer by the marriage of the Messenger of Allah to Zaynab bint Jahsh, may Allah be pleased with her, when Zayd bin Harithah divorced her.
Allah says in Ayat At-Tahrim:
وَحَلَـيِلُ أَبْنَأيِكُمُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ أَصْلَـبِكُمْ
the wives of your sons from your own loins, (4:23)
which specifically excludes adopted sons. This custom (of adopting sons) was widespread among them.
وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولاً
And Allah's command must be fulfilled.
means, `this that has happened was decreed by Allah and was inevitable.'
Allah knew that Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her, would become one of the wives of the Prophet
Allah says;
مَّا كَانَ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ مِنْ حَرَجٍ فِيمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ لَهُ
There is no blame on the Prophet in that which Allah has made legal for him.
means, in that which has been permitted for him and which he has been commanded to do,
i.e. his marrying Zaynab, may Allah be pleased with her, who had been divorced by his adopted son Zayd bin Harithah,
سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلُ
That has been Allah's way with those who have passed away of old.
means this is the ruling of Allah for the Prophets who came before him. Allah would not command them to do anything for which they might be blamed.
This is a refutation of those hypocrites who imagined that there was anything wrong with his marrying the ex-wife of Zayd, his freed slave and adopted son.
وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ قَدَرًا مَّقْدُورًا
And the command of Allah is a decree determined.
means, His command which He has decreed must inevitably come to pass; nothing can prevent it or avert it, for whatever He wills happens, and whatever He does not decree, does not happen
Praise for Those Who convey the Message
Allah says:
الَّذِينَ يُبَلِّغُونَ رِسَالَاتِ اللَّهِ
Those who convey the Message of Allah,
meaning, to His creation, and fulfill that with which they have been entrusted.
وَيَخْشَوْنَهُ
and fear Him,
means, they fear Him and they do not fear any besides Him, so no threats on the part of anyone can prevent them from conveying the Message of Allah.
وَلَا يَخْشَوْنَ أَحَدًا إِلاَّ اللَّهَ
and fear none save Allah.
وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ حَسِيبًا
And sufficient is Allah as a Reckoner.
means, sufficient is Allah as a Helper and Supporter.
The leader of all people in this regard and in all regards is Muhammad the Messenger of Allah, for he undertook to convey the Message to the people of the east and of the west, to all kinds of the sons of Adam, so Allah caused his word, his religion and his law to prevail over all other religions and laws. The Prophets before him were sent only to their own peoples, but he was sent to all of mankind, Arabs and non-Arabs alike.
قُلْ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا
Say:O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah. (7:158)
Then his Ummah inherited the task of conveying from him, and the greatest of those who undertook this task after him were his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, who conveyed from him as he had commanded them, describing all his words, deeds and circumstances, night and day, when he was settled and when he was traveling, in private and in public, may Allah be pleased with them. Thereafter each generation inherited from their predecessors until our own time, so those who are guided, follow their example and their way. We ask Allah, the Most Generous Bestower, to make us among their heirs.
The Messenger is not the Father of any Man
Allah states
مَّا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبَا أَحَدٍ مِّن رِّجَالِكُمْ
Muhammad is not the father of any of your men,
After this it was not permitted to say Zayd bin Muhammad, i.e., he was not his father even though he had adopted him.
No male child of the Prophet lived until puberty.
Khadijah, may Allah be pleased with her, bore him Al-Qasim, At-Tayyib and At-Tahir, but they died in childhood.
Mariyah Al-Qibtiyyah bore him Ibrahim, but he also died in infancy.
He also had four daughters from Khadijah:Zaynab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum and Fatima, may Allah be pleased with them all. Three of them died during his lifetime, Fatima lived long enough to be bereaved of him, then she died six months later.
He is the Last of the Prophets
Allah says:
وَلَكِن رَّسُولَ اللَّهِ وَخَاتَمَ النَّبِيِّينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا
but he is the Messenger of Allah and the last of the Prophets. And Allah is Ever All-Aware of everything.
This is like the Ayah:
اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ حَيْثُ يَجْعَلُ رِسَالَتَهُ
Allah knows best with whom to place His Message. (6:124)
This Ayah clearly states that there will be no Prophet after him. If there will be no Prophet after him then there will surely be no Messenger after him either, because the status of a Messenger is higher than that of a Prophet, for every Messenger is a Prophet but the reverse is not the case.
This was reported in many Mutawatir Hadiths narrated from the Messenger of Allah via a group of his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them.
Imam Ahmad recorded a narration from Ubayy bin Ka`b, from his father that the Prophet said:
مَثَلِي فِي النَّبِيِّينَ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ بَنَى دَارًا فَأَحْسَنَهَا وَأَكْمَلَهَا وَتَرَكَ فِيهَا مَوْضِعَ لَبِنَةٍ لَمْ يَضَعْهَا فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَطُوفُونَ بِالْبُنْيَانِ وَيَعْجَبُونَ مِنْهُ وَيَقُولُونَ لَوْ تَمَّ مَوْضِعُ هَذِهِ اللَّبِنَةِ فَأَنَا فِي النَّبِيِّينَ مَوْضِعُ تِلْكَ اللَّبِنَة
My parable among the Prophets is that of a man who built a house and did a good and complete job, apart from the space of one brick which he did not put in its place. The people started to walk around the building, admiring it and saying, If only that brick were put in its place.
Among the Prophets, I am like that brick.
It was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said Hasan Sahih.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said:
إِنَّ الرِّسَالَةَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ قَدِ انْقَطَعَتْ فَلَ رَسُولَ بَعْدِي وَلَا نَبِي
Messengership and Prophethood have come to an end, and there will be no more Messengers or Prophets.
This worried the people, then he said:
وَلَكِنِ الْمُبَشِّرَات
But there will be Al-Mubashshirat.
They said, `O Messenger of Allah, what are Al-Mubashshirat?'
He said,
رُوْيَا الرَّجُلِ الْمُسْلِمِ وَهِيَ جُزْءٌ مِنْ أَجْزَاءِ النُّبُوَّة
The dreams of a Muslim man, and they are one of the parts of Prophethood.
This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who said, Sahih Gharib.
Another Hadith
Abu Dawud At-Tayalisi recorded that Jabir bin Abdullah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said:
مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الاَْنْبِيَاءِ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ بَنَى دَارًا فَأَكْمَلَهَا وَأَحْسَنَهَا إِلاَّ مَوْضِعَ لَبِنَةٍ فَكَانَ مَنْ دَخَلَهَا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ مَا أَحْسَنَهَا إِلاَّ مَوْضِعَ هَذِهِ اللَّبِنَةِ فَأَنَا مَوْضِعُ اللَّبِنَةِ خُتِمَ بِي الاَْنْبِيَاءُ عَلَيْهِمُ الصَّلَةُ وَالسَّلَم
The parable of myself and the Prophets is that of a man who built a house and did a complete and good job, except for the space of one brick. Whoever entered it would look at that space and say, how good it is, apart from the space of that brick. My position is like that of that brick, and the Prophets -- blessings and peace be upon them -- end with me.
It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari, Muslim and At-Tirmidhi, who said, It is Sahih Gharib with this chain of narrators.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said:
مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ النَّــبِيينَ كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ بَنَى دَارًا فَأَتَمَّهَا إِلاَّ لَبِنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَجِيْتُ أَنَا فَأَتْمَمْتُ تِلْكَ اللَّبِنَة
The parable of myself and the Prophets is that of a man who built a house and completed it apart from the space of one brick. I have come and completed that brick.
This was also recorded by Muslim.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said:
إِنَّ مَثَلِي وَمَثَلَ الاَْنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِي كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ ابْتَنَى بُيُوتًا فَأَكْمَلَهَا وَأَحْسَنَهَا وَأَجْمَلَهَا إِلاَّ مَوْضِعَ لَبِنَةٍ مِنْ زَاوِيَةٍ مِنْ زَوَايَاهَا فَجَعَلَ النَّاسُ يَطُوفُونَ وَيُعْجِبُهُمُ الْبُنْيَانُ وَيَقُولُونَ أَلاَّ وَضَعْتَ ههُنَا لَبِنَةً فَيَتِمُّ بُنْيَانُك
The parable of myself and the Prophets who came before me is that of a man who built houses and made them complete and beautiful apart from the space of a brick in one of the corners. The people started to walk around, admiring the construction and saying, If only you put a brick here, your construction will be complete.
The Messenger of Allah said:
فَكُنْتُ أَنَا اللَّبِنَة
And I am that brick.
It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said:
فُضِّلْتُ عَلَى الاَْنْبِيَاءِ بِسِتَ
أُعْطِيتُ جَوَامِعَ الْكَلِمِ
وَنُصِرْتُ بِالرُّعْبِ
وَأُحِلَّتْ لِيَ الْغَنَايِمُ
وَجُعِلَتْ لِيَ الاَْرْضُ مَسْجِدًا وَطَهُورًا
وَأُرْسِلْتُ إِلَى الْخَلْقِ كَافَّةً
وَخُتِمَ بِي النَّبِيُّون
I have been given preference over the other Prophets in six ways:
I have been given the ability to speak concisely;
I have been aided by fear (cast into the hearts of my enemies);
the spoils of war have been made permissible for me;
the entire earth has been made a Masjid and a means of purification for me;
I have been sent to all of mankind; and
the Prophets end with me.
This was also recorded by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah; At-Tirmidhi said, It is Hasan Sahih.
Another Hadith
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said:
مَثَلِي وَمَثَلُ الاَْنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِي كَمَثَلِ رَجُلٍ بَنَى دَارًا فَأَتَمَّهَا إِلاَّ مَوْضِعَ لَبِنَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَجِيْتُ أَنَا فَأَتْمَمْتُ تِلْكَ اللَّبِنَة
The parable of myself and the Prophets who came before me is that of a man who built a house and completed it apart from the space of one brick. I have come and completed that brick.
It was also recorded by Muslim.
Another Hadith
Jubayr bin Mut`im, may Allah be pleased with him, said that he heard the Messenger of Allah say:
إِنَّ لِي أَسْمَاءَ
أَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ
وَأَنَا أَحْمَدُ
وَأَنَا الْمَاحِي الَّذِي يَمْحُو اللهُ تَعَالَى بِيَ الْكُفْرَ
وَأَنَا الْحَاشِرُ الَّذِي يُحْشَرُ النَّاسُ عَلَى قَدَمَيَّ
وَأَنَا الْعَاقِبُ الَّذِي لَيْسَ بَعْدَهُ نَبِي
I have several names:
I am Muhammad, and
I am Ahmad;
I am Al-Mahi (the eradicator) through whom Allah will erase disbelief;
I am Al-Hashir (the gatherer) at whose feet mankind will gather; and
I am Al-`Aqib (the final one) after whom there will be no Prophet.
It was also recorded in the Two Sahihs.
And there are many other Hadiths on this topic.
Allah has told us in His Book, and His Messenger has told us in the Mutawatir Sunnah, that there will be no Prophet after him, so that it may be known that everyone who claims this status after him is a liar and fabricator who is misguided and is misguiding others. Even if he twists meanings, comes up with false claims and uses tricks and vagaries, all of this is false and is misguidance as will be clear to those who have understanding.
This is what Allah caused to happen in the case of Al-Aswad Al-`Ansi in the Yemen and Musaylimah the Liar in Al-Yamamah, whose false miracles and nonsensical words showed everyone who was possessed of understanding that they were liars who were leading people astray; may the curse of Allah be upon them both.
This is the case with every false prophet until the Day of Resurrection, until they end with Al-Masih Ad-Dajjal (the Antichrist). Each of these liars is given by Allah signs which show the people of knowledge and the believers that his message is false -- which is part of the perfect kindness of Allah towards His creation. These liars do not enjoin what is good, nor forbid what is evil, unless they do so by coincidence or because it serves an ulterior purpose. They are the utmost in falsehood and immorality, in all that they say and do, as Allah says:
هَلْ أُنَبِّيُكُمْ عَلَى مَن تَنَزَّلُ الشَّيَـطِينُ تَنَزَّلُ عَلَى كُلِّ أَفَّاكٍ أَثِيمٍ
Shall I inform you (O people!) upon whom the Shayatin descend! They descend on every lying, sinful person. (26:221-222)
This is in contrast to the Prophets -- may blessings and peace be upon them -- for they are the utmost in righteousness, truthfulness, wisdom, uprightness and justice in all that they say and do, command and forbid.
In addition to this they are supported with miracles and clear and obvious proof. May the blessings and peace of Allah be upon them always, as long as heaven and earth remain
The Virtue of remembering Allah much
Allah commands:
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ذِكْرًا كَثِيرًا
O you who believe!
Remember Allah with much remembrance.
Allah commands His believing servants to remember their Lord much, Who has bestowed upon them all kinds of blessings and favors, because this will bring them a great reward and a wonderful destiny.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Busr said:
Two Bedouins came to the Messenger of Allah and one of them said:`O Messenger of Allah, which of the people is best'
He said:
مَنْ طَالَ عُمْرُهُ وَحَسُنَ عَمَلُه
The one whose life is long and whose deeds are good.
The other one said:`O Messenger of Allah, the laws of Islam are too much for us. Teach me something that I can adhere to.'
He said,
لَاايَزَالُ لِسَانُكَ رَطْبًا بِذِكْرِ اللهِ تَعَالَى
Keep your tongue moist with the remembrance of Allah, may He be exalted.
At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah recorded the second part of this report.
At-Tirmidhi said, This Hadith is Hasan Gharib.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin `Amr, may Allah be pleased with him, said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَا مِنْ قَوْمٍ جَلَسُوا مَجْلِسًا لَمْ يَذْكُرُوا اللهَ تَعَالَى فِيهِ إِلاَّ رَأَوْهُ حَسْرَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَة
No people sit together without mentioning Allah, but they will see that as regret on the Day of Resurrection.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, commented on the Ayah:
اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ ذِكْرًا كَثِيرًا
(Remember Allah with much remembrance),
Allah did not enjoin any duty upon His servants without setting known limits and accepting the excuses of those who have a valid excuse -- apart from Dhikr, for Allah has not set any limits for it, and no one has any excuse for not remembering Allah unless he is oppressed and forced to neglect it.
Allah says:
فَاذْكُرُواْ اللَّهَ قِيَـماً وَقُعُوداً وَعَلَى جُنُوبِكُمْ
Remember Allah standing, sitting down, and (lying down) on your sides. (4:103)
By night and by day, on land and on sea, when traveling and when staying home, in richness and in poverty, in sickness and in health, in secret and openly, in all situations and circumstances.
And Allah says:
وَسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلً
And glorify His praises morning and Asila.
If you do this, He and His angels will send blessings upon you.
There are very many Ayat, Hadiths and reports which encourage the remembrance of Allah, and this Ayah urges us to remember Him much. People such as An-Nasa'i and Al-Ma`mari and others have written books about the Adhkar to be recited at different times of the night and day.
وَسَبِّحُوهُ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلً
And glorify His praises morning and Asila.
in the morning and in the evening.
This is like the Ayah:
فَسُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ حِينَ تُمْسُونَ وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُونَ
وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَعَشِيّاً وَحِينَ تُظْهِرُونَ
So glorify Allah, when you come up to the evening, and when you enter the morning. And His are all the praises and thanks in the heavens and the earth; and in the afternoon and when you come up to the time, when the day begins to decline. (30:17-18)
هُوَ الَّذِي يُصَلِّي عَلَيْكُمْ وَمَلَيِكَتُهُ
He it is Who sends Salah on you, and His angels too,
This is encouragement to remember Allah, i.e., He will remember you, so remember Him.
This is like the Ayah:
كَمَأ أَرْسَلْنَا فِيكُمْ رَسُولاً مِّنْكُمْ يَتْلُواْ عَلَيْكُمْ ايَـتِنَا وَيُزَكِّيكُمْ وَيُعَلِّمُكُمُ الْكِتَـبَ وَالْحِكْمَةَ وَيُعَلِّمُكُم مَّا لَمْ تَكُونُواْ تَعْلَمُونَ
فَاذْكُرُونِى أَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُواْ لِي وَلَا تَكْفُرُونِ
Similarly, We have sent among you a Messenger of your own, reciting to you Our Ayat and purifying you, and teaching you the Book and the Hikmah, and teaching you that which you used not to know. Therefore remember Me. I will remember you, and be grateful to Me and never be ungrateful to Me. (2:151-152)
The Prophet said:
يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى مَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي نَفْسِهِ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِييَنفْسِي وَمَنْ ذَكَرَنِي فِي مَلٍَ ذَكَرْتُهُ فِي مَلٍَ خَيْرٍ مِنْه
Allah says:Whoever remembers Me to himself, I will remember him to Myself, and whoever remembers Me in a gathering, I will remember him in a better gathering.
The Meaning of Salah
Allah's Salah means that He praises His servant before the angels, as Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Al-Aliyah. This was recorded by Abu Jafar Ar-Razi from Ar-Rabi bin Anas from Anas.
Others said:Allah's Salah means mercy.
It may be said that there is no contradiction between these two views. And Allah knows best.
Salah from the angels means their supplication and seeking forgiveness for people, as Allah says:
الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُوْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُـلَّ شَىْءٍ رَّحْمَةً وَعِلْماً فَاغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُواْ وَاتَّبَعُواْ سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ
رَبَّنَا وَأَدْخِلْهُمْ جَنَّـتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِى وَعَدْتَّهُمْ وَمَن صَـلَحَ مِنْ ءَابَأيِهِمْ وَأَزْوَجِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّـتِهِمْ إِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ
وَقِهِمُ السَّيّيَـتِ
Those who bear the Throne and those around it glorify the praises of their Lord, and believe in Him, and ask forgiveness for those who believe (saying):
Our Lord! You comprehend all things in mercy and knowledge, so forgive those who repent and follow Your way, and save them from the torment of the blazing Fire!
Our Lord! And make them enter the `Adn Garden which you have promised them -- and to the righteous among their fathers, their wives, and their offspring! Verily, You are the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.
And save them from the sins. (40:7-9)
لِيُخْرِجَكُم مِّنَ الظُّلُمَاتِ إِلَى النُّورِ
that He may bring you out from darkness into light.
means, by means of His mercy towards you, His praise of you and the supplication of His angels for you, He brings you forth from the darkness of ignorance and misguidance into the light of guidance and certain faith.
وَكَانَ بِالْمُوْمِنِينَ رَحِيمًا
And He is Ever Most Merciful to the believers.
means, in this world and in the Hereafter:
in this world He guides them to the truth of which others are ignorant, and He shows them the path from which others have gone astray, those who call for disbelief and innovation, and their followers among the wrongdoers. His mercy towards them in the Hereafter means that He will save them from the greater terror (of the Day of Resurrection) and will command His angels to greet them with the glad tidings of Paradise and salvation from the Fire, which will only be because of His love for them and His kindness towards them.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas, may Allah be pleased with him, said:
The Messenger of Allah and a group of his Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, passed by a young child in the road. When his mother ﷺ the people, she feared that her child may be crushed by the crowd, so she rushed forward, crying, `My son, my son!' She ran and picked him up, and the people said, `O Messenger of Allah, she would never throw her child in the Fire.'
The Messenger of Allah convincingly said:
لَاا وَاللهِ لَاايُلْقِي حَبِيبَهُ فِي النَّار
No, and Allah will not throw His beloved in the Fire.
Its chain of narrators meets the conditions of the Two Sahihs, although none of the authors of the Six Books recorded it.
But in Sahih Al-Bukhari it is recorded from the Commander of the faithful Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a woman among the prisoners of war picking up her child, clasping the child to her breast and nursing him. The Messenger of Allah said:
أَتُرَوْنَ هَذِهِ تُلْقِي وَلَدَهَا فِي النَّارِ وَهِيَ تَقْدِرُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ
Do you think that this woman would throw her child into the Fire even though she is (physically) able to do so?
They said, No.
The Messenger of Allah said:
فَوَاللهِ للهُ أَرْحَمُ بِعِبَادِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ بِوَلَدِهَا
By Allah, Allah is more merciful towards His servants than this woman is to her child.
تَحِيَّتُهُمْ يَوْمَ يَلْقَوْنَهُ سَلَمٌ
Their greeting on the Day they shall meet Him will be Salam!
The apparent meaning -- and Allah knows best -- is that their greeting, from Allah on the Day that they meet Him, will be Salam, i.e., He will greet them with Salam, as He says elsewhere:
سَلَمٌ قَوْلاً مِّن رَّبٍّ رَّحِيمٍ
(It will be said to them):Salam -- a Word from the Lord, Most Merciful. (36:58)
Qatadah claimed that the meaning was that they would greet one another with Salam on the Day when they meet Allah in the Hereafter.
This is like the Ayah:
دَعْوَهُمْ فِيهَا سُبْحَـنَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَتَحِيَّتُهُمْ فِيهَا سَلَمٌ وَءَاخِرُ دَعْوَاهُمْ أَنِ الْحَمْدُ للَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَـلَمِينَ
Their way of request therein will be `Glory to You, O Allah,' and `Salam' will be their greetings therein! and the close of their request will be `All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of all that exits.' (10:10)
وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَرِيمًا
And He has prepared for them a generous reward.
means Paradise and everything in it of food, drink, clothing, dwellings, physical pleasure, luxuries and delightful scenes, such as no eye has seen, no ear has heard and has never entered the mind of man.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Commentary
It has been repeatedly explained earlier that the majority of injunctions appearing in Surah Al-Ahzab relate to the reverence, love and perfect obedience of the Holy Prophet ﷺ or to the prohibition of causing any pain to him. The verses cited above have also been revealed in connection with some incidents of this nature.
One such incident related to Sayyidna Zayd Ibn Harithah who was the slave of someone. It was during the days of Jahiliyyah that the Holy Prophet ﷺ had bought him from the famous bazaar of ` Ukaz. He was still very young at that time. The Holy Prophet ﷺ had freed him after purchasing him, and further honored him by adopting him as his son as was the common practice under the Arab custom of the time and went on to bring him up. In Makkah al-Mukarramah, he was called by the name of Zayd Ibn Muhammad. The Qur'an declared it to be an erroneous custom of the Jahiliyyah and prohibited the calling of the so-called or adopted son of a person as his 'son' and ordered that he should be attributed to his real father. Revealed in this connection were verses that have appeared earlier within this Surah: ادْعُوهُمْ لِآبَائِهِمْ (Call them by (the name of) their (real) fathers - 5) After the revelation of these injunctions, the noble Sahabah abandoned the practice of calling him by the name of Zayd Ibn Muhammad and started attributing him to his father, Harithah.
A subtle point
Not even the name of the greatest of the great Sahabi - of course, except that of the blessed prophets - was ever mentioned throughout the Qur'an with the sole exception of Sayyidna Zayd Ibn Harithah! Some respected elders while describing the wisdom behind it have said that the attribution of his parentage to the Holy Prophet ﷺ when severed under the injunction of the Qur'an had him deprived of a great personal honor. However, Allah Ta’ ala had it compensated by mentioning him in the Qur'an by name. Thus, the word: زَید (Zayd), being a word of the Qur'an, has its own distinct status. On every letter of this word, in accordance with the promise in Hadith, ten good deeds are recorded in the Book of Deeds. So, when his name is recited in the Qur'an, the reciter gets thirty good deeds in return just for pronouncing his name!
Even the Holy Prophet ﷺ used to give him respect. Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ says, 'Whenever he has sent him on a military expedition, it is invariably him that he has made the commander of the forces.' (Ibn Kathir)
A lesson to remember
This, in a nutshell, was the reality of slavery at the advent of Islam when slaves were educated and trained till they became achievers and whoever from them proved his class and capability was given the rank of leaders.
When Zayd Ibn Harithah grew to be a young man, the Holy Prophet ﷺ chose Sayyidah Zainab bint Jahsh, the daughter of his paternal aunt for marriage with him. A formal proposal of marriage was sent. Since Sayyidna Zayd was branded with the conventional label of being a freed slave, Sayyidah Zainab and her brother, ` Abdullah Ibn Jahsh rejected this proposal on the basis that they were nobler than him in terms of family and lineage.
Revealed upon this incident was the verse: مَا كَانَ لِمُؤْمِنٍ وَلَا مُؤْمِنَةٍ (And it is not open for a believing man or a believing woman - 36). The instruction given there is: When the Holy Prophet ﷺ orders someone to do something as an obligation, it becomes obligatory for that person to do it. The choice of not doing it does not remain valid under Islamic Law - even if the required act may not be obligatory or necessary in its origin. But, once he does order someone to do that, it become incumbent and obligatory on him. And should someone not do so, his or her action has been termed as open error at the end of the verse.
When Sayyidah Zainab bint Jahsh ؓ and her brother heard this verse, they retracted from their rejection and agreed to the proposal of marriage. Thus, the marriage was solemnized. The dower of the bride was paid by the Holy Prophet ﷺ on behalf of Sayyidna Zayd which was ten dinars [ equal to approximately 4 tolas of gold), (equal to approximately 18-1/2 tolas of silver), one beast of burden, complete pair of ladies dress, 15 mudd (approximately 25 kilos) of flour and 10 mudd (approximately 5 kilos) of dates (Ibn Kathir). The well-known event in the background of the revelation of this verse is, according to the majority of commentators, no other but this very account of the marriage of Sayyidah Zainab bint Jahsh (Ibn Kathir, Qurtubi and Mazhari).
Ibn Kathir and some other commentators have also reported two additional events of this nature. There too, it has been said that the cited verse has been revealed in the background of those events. One of these events is about Sayyidna Julaibib ؓ whose proposal to marry the daughter of an Ansari Sahabi was turned down by the father and his family. When this verse was revealed, they agreed and the marriage was solemnized. The Holy Prophet ﷺ made a du'a (prayer) for extended means of livelihood for them. The noble Companions say that Allah had placed such barakah in their home that it was known to be the most generously kept home of Madinah at-Tayyibah. Later, Sayyidna Julaibib ؓ met with his shahadah in a Jihad. The Holy Prophet ﷺ bathed and shrouded his body with his own blessed hands.
A similar event relating to Umm Kulthum bint 'Uqbah Ibn Abi Mu'ait has been reported in Hadith narrations (Ibn Kathir, Qurtubi) and there is no contradiction in them. It is possible that several events of this nature may have been the cause of the revelation of the verse.
The Injunction to consider the principle of کفو (kuf) in marriage
The reason why Sayyidah Zainab bint Jahsh ؓ and her brother ` Abdullah had initially rejected the proposal of marriage with Sayyidna Zayd Ibn Harithah was that the two of them had no familial and lineal homogeneity, which is desirable even in the sight of the Shari'ah. The Holy Prophet ﷺ said that girls should be married in their کفو (kuf': equal, alike, matching) (to be explained later). Therefore, a question arises here as to why the excuse of Sayyidah Zainab and her brother was not accepted in this case?
The answer is that the equality, rather equalness (کَفَاءت :kafa’ ah) and likeness of spouses in their religion is certainly incumbent and necessary for the validity of the marriage. The marriage of any Muslim girl with any disbeliever is not halal (lawful) under the consensus of the Muslim ummah - even if the girl agrees to it. The reason is that this is not simply the right of a woman which may be dropped at her pleasure. Instead, it is the right of Allah and a Divinely imposed duty. On the contrary, equality of the spouses in financial and lineal status is the right of the girl and in the matter of lineal equality, the guardians too have right along with the girl. If a sane and adult girl, despite being from a wealthy family, were to drop her right by agreeing to marry some pauper, the choice is hers. And in lineal equality, if the girl and her guardians, all of them, abandon this right for the sake of some other major expedient consideration and agree to the proposal of marriage from a person who is lesser than them in terms of lineage and family status, then, they have the right to do so. In fact, should this be in view of higher religious consideration, the act of surrendering this right is most desirable and praiseworthy. It is for this reason that the Holy Prophet ﷺ has, on several occasions, recommended that this right should be ignored and marriage should be solemnized because of higher and more beneficial religious considerations.
And clear indicators set forth in the noble Qur'an prove that the right of the Holy Prophet ﷺ on the men and women of his ummah is more than that of anyone else. In fact, it is more than that of their own self - as the Qur'an says: النَّبِيُّ أَوْلَىٰ بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنفُسِهِمْ that is, 'The Prophet is closer to the believers than their own selves - 33:6.' Therefore, in the case of Sayyidah Zainab ؓ and her brother, ` Abdullah, when the Holy Prophet ﷺ advised them to ignore their right to lineal equality and ordered them to agree to the marriage with Sayyidna Zayd Ibn Harithah ؓ ، it was their duty to bypass their personal opinion and their own rights in the face of this prophetic order. Therefore, it was on this refusal from them that this injunction of the Qur'an was revealed.
As for the lineal consideration in marriage, one may ask when it was worthy of consideration in the sight of the Holy Prophet ﷺ himself, why would he himself not go by it? The answer to this doubt is already clear from the earlier submission, that is, this consideration is worth surrendering in favour of other higher and more beneficial religious considerations. During the blessed period of the Holy Prophet ﷺ ، several marriages were solemnized among non-equals (ghayr-kuf' ) as based on these very kinds of beneficial religious considerations which do not violate the principle.
The Issue of Equality in marriage (Kaf'ah)
Marriage (nikah) is a matter in which the absence of homogeneity in the temperaments of the spouses disturbs the purpose of marriage, disturbs the process of fulfilling each other's rights and breeds mutual disputes. Therefore, the Shari` ah has ordered that kafa'ah (mutual likeness) should be taken into consideration. But, it never means that a man of high family background starts taking a man from a family lesser than him as low and mean. In Islam, the criterion of low and high is based on Taqwa and love for one's faith. Whoever does not have it, no matter how noble his family is, he yet has no status in the sight of Allah. So, this order to take kafa'ah (mutual equality) into consideration in marriages has been given only to keep the management of matters smooth and straight.
In a Hadith, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been reported to have said that the nikah (marriage) of girls should invariably be through their guardians (that is, it is not appropriate even for a pubescent girl that she settles the transaction of her nikah (marriage) all by herself. Modesty demands that this matter should be handled by her parents and guardians). And he said that the nikah of girls should invariably be solemnized within their kuf' (equal, like). Though, the authority of this Hadith is weak but, with the support from the reports and sayings of the noble Sahabah, it becomes worth being used as an argument. In Kitab ul-'Athar, Imam Muhammad has reported Sayyidna ` Umar ؓ saying: "I shall issue an operative order that no girl from some high and recognized family should be given in marriage to another having a lesser status." Similarly, Sayyidah ` A'ishah ؓ and Sayyidna Anas ؓ have also stressed that kafa'ah (likeness) should be taken into consideration in nikah (marriage) - as reported from several authorities. Imam Ibn Humam has also written about it in details in Fath al-Qadir.
Hence, the outcome is that the consideration of kafa'ah (equalness and likeness) in nikah (marriage) is desirable in religion, so that the spouses live in accord and harmony. But, should some other important consideration, more important than this kafa'ah, come up, then, it is permissible for the woman and her guardians that they surrender this right of theirs and marry in ghayr kuf, that is, other than equal and like. Particularly so, when there is some religious consideration in sight - if so, it is better and more merit worthy to do so, as proved from several events pertaining to the noble Sahabah. Incidentally, from this we also know that these events do not negate the basic premise of the issue of kafa'ah. Allah knows best.
Not yet available. It requires resources to add this interpretation.
Tafsir Surat Al-Ahzab: 36
Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan tidak (pula) bagi perempuan yang mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan, akan ada bagi mereka pilihan (yang lain) tentang urusan mereka. Dan barang siapa mendurhakai Allah dan Rasul-Nya, maka sungguh dia telah sesat, dengan kesesatan yang nyata.
Al-Aufi telah meriwayatkan dari ibnu Abbas sehubungan dengan makna firman-Nya: "Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan tidak (pula) bagi perempuan yang mukmin." (Al-Ahzab: 36), hingga akhir ayat. Pada mulanya Rasulullah ﷺ pergi untuk melamar buat pelayan laki-lakinya yang bernama Zaid ibnu Harisah. Maka beliau masuk ke dalam rumah Zainab binti Jahsy Al-Asadiyyah r.a., dan beliau ﷺ langsung melamarnya buat Zaid. Tetapi Zainab binti Jahsy menjawab, "Aku tidak mau menikah dengannya." Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Tidak, bahkan kamu harus menikah dengannya." Zainab binti Jahsy berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, apakah engkau mau mengatur diriku?" Ketika keduanya sedang berbincang-bincang mengenai hal tersebut, Allah ﷻ menurunkan firman-Nya: “Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan tidak (pula) bagi perempuan yang mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan.” (Al-Ahzab: 36), hingga akhir ayat. Akhirnya Zainab binti Jahsy bertanya, "Wahai Rasulullah, apakah engkau rela menikahkan dia denganku?" Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab, "Ya." Zainab berkata, "Kalau demikian, saya tidak akan menentang perintah Rasulullah ﷺ. Saya rela dinikahkan dengannya."
Ibnu Lahi'ah telah meriwayatkan dari Abu Amrah, dari Ikrimah, dari Ibnu Abbas r.a. yang menceritakan bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ melamar Zainab binti Jahsy untuk Zaid ibnu Harisah r.a., tetapi Zainab menolak dinikahkan dengannya dan mengatakan, "Saya berketurunan lebih baik daripada dia.” Sedangkan Zainab adalah seorang wanita yang keras. Lalu Allah menurunkan firman-Nya: "Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan tidak (pula) bagi perempuan yang mukmin." (Al-Ahzab: 36), hingga akhir ayat.
Hal yang sama telah dikatakan oleh Mujahid, Qatadah, dan Muqatil ibnu Hayyan, bahwa ayat ini diturunkan berkenaan dengan Zainab binti Jahsy r.a. ketika dilamar oleh Rasulullah ﷺ untuk menjadi istri maulanya yang bernama Zaid ibnu Harisah r.a. Lalu Zainab menolak lamarannya, tetapi pada akhirnya menerima lamaran itu.
Abdur Rahman ibnu Zaid ibnu Aslam mengatakan bahwa ayat ini, diturunkan berkenaan dengan Ummu Kalsum binti Uqbah ibnu Abu Mu'it r.a. Dia adalah seorang wanita yang mula-mula berhijrah, yakni sesudah Perjanjian Hudaibiyyah. Lalu ia menyerahkan dirinya kepada Nabi ﷺ. Maka Nabi ﷺ bersabda, "Aku terima penyerahan dirinya." Lalu Nabi ﷺ mengawinkannya dengan Zaid ibnu Harisah r.a. Hanya Allah Yang Maha Mengetahui kisah ini terjadi sesudah Zaid ibnu Harisah bercerai dengan Zainab binti Jahsy. Maka Zainab dan saudara lelakinya marah seraya berkata, "Sesungguhnya kami hanya mau dengan diri Rasulullah ﷺ, tetapi ternyata beliau mengawinkan kami dengan bekas budaknya."
Maka turunlah ayat ini, yaitu firman-Nya: “Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan tidak (pula) bagi perempuan yang mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan.” (Al-Ahzab: 36), hingga akhir ayat. Abdur Rahman ibnu Zaid ibnu Aslam mengatakan bahwa telah diturunkan pula suatu perintah yang lebih mencakup artinya ketimbang ayat ini, yaitu firman Allah ﷻ: “Nabi itu (hendaknya) lebih utama bagi orang-orang mukmin daripada diri mereka sendiri.” (Al-Ahzab: 6) Ayat di atas mengandung pengertian khusus, sedangkan ayat ini mengandung pengertian yang lebih umum.
Imam Ahmad mengatakan, telah menceritakan kepada kami Abdur Razzaq, telah menceritakan kepada kami Ma'mar, dari Sabit Al-Bannani, dari Anas r.a. yang menceritakan bahwa Nabi ﷺ melamar seorang wanita dari kalangan Ansar kepada ayahnya untuk beliau kawinkan dengan Julaibib. Maka ayah si wanita itu berkata, "Saya akan bermusyawarah dahulu dengan ibunya." Nabi ﷺ menjawab, "Kalau begitu, silakan." Maka lelaki itu berangkat menemui istrinya dan menceritakan kepada istrinya tentang lamaran Nabi ﷺ itu. Istrinya berkata, "Tidak, demi Allah, kalau memang Rasulullah ﷺ tidak menemukan pasangan lain kecuali Julaibib. Sesungguhnya kita telah menolak lamaran si Fulan bin Fulan sebelum itu." Tetapi anak perawannya yang ada di balik kain penutup pintu kamarnya mendengar ucapan tersebut. Lalu lelaki itu bermaksud menemui Rasulullah ﷺ untuk menceritakan hal tersebut, tetapi si anak perawannya berkata menghalang-halanginya, "Apakah ayah hendak menolak lamaran yang telah diajukan oleh Rasulullah ﷺ? Jika beliau rela si Julaibib sebagai menantu ayah, maka kawinkanlah dia (denganku)." Ternyata si anak perawan itu menyanggah keinginan kedua orang tuanya.
Akhirnya keduanya berkata, "Dia memang benar." Kemudian ayahnya berangkat menemui Rasulullah ﷺ dan mengatakan kepadanya, "Jika engkau rela kepada si Julaibib, maka kami pun demikian pula." Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab: “Sesungguhnya aku rida (rela) kepadanya.” Maka Rasulullah ﷺ mengawinkan anak perawan lelaki itu dengan Julaibib. Sesudah itu penduduk Madinah mengalami kegemparan karena diserang oleh musuh, maka Julaibib menaiki kudanya (maju melabrak musuh). Ternyata mereka menjumpai jenazah Julaibib ditemukan bersama jenazah sejumlah orang dari kaum musyrik yang telah dibunuhnya (sebelum ia gugur). Sahabat Anas r.a. mengatakan bahwa sesungguhnya ia melihat bekas istri Julaibib itu benar-benar termasuk wanita yang paling dermawan di Madinah.
Imam Ahmad mengatakan, telah menceritakan kepada kami Affan, telah menceritakan kepada kami Hammad (yakni Ibnu Salamah), dari Sabit, dari Kinanah ibnu Na'im Al-Adawi, dari Abu Barzah Al-Aslami yang menceritakan bahwa Julaibib adalah seorang lelaki yang dikenal sering menjumpai kaum wanita, melatih mereka, dan bermain-main dengan mereka. Lalu aku berkata kepada istriku, "Jangan sekali-kali kalian memasukkan Julaibib ke dalam rumah kalian. Karena sesungguhnya jika kamu coba-coba berani memasukkan Julaibib, maka aku akan menghukum kamu." Dan merupakan suatu kebiasaan bagi orang-orang Ansar apabila seseorang dari mereka mempunyai seorang janda, ia tidak berani mengawinkannya sebelum memberitahukan kepada Nabi ﷺ, apakah beliau mempunyai keperluan terhadapnya ataukah tidak.
Maka Nabi ﷺ bersabda kepada seorang lelaki dari kalangan Ansar, "Kawinkanlah aku dengan anak perempuanmu." Lelaki itu mejawab, "Ya, ini merupakan suatu kehormatan dan kebahagiaan bagiku, wahai Rasulullah." Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Sesungguhnya aku menginginkannya bukan untuk diriku." Lelaki itu bertanya, "Buat siapakah wahai Rasulullah?" Rasulullah ﷺ menjawab, "Untuk Julaibib." Lelaki itu berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, saya akan berunding dahulu dengan ibunya." Lelaki itu mendatangi istrinya (ibu anak perempuannya itu), lalu menceritakan kepadanya bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ telah melamar putrinya. Maka istrinya menjawab, "Baiklah, itu merupakan suatu kebahagiaan." Lelaki itu berkata menjelaskan, "Tetapi beliau melamar putri kita bukan untuk dirinya, melainkan untuk Julaibib." Istrinya bertanya, "Apakah Julaibib itu anaknya, apakah Julaibib itu anaknya? Tidak, demi usia Allah, kami tidak akan mengawinkannya dengan Julaibib."
Ketika lelaki itu hendak pergi menemui Rasulullah ﷺ guna memberitahukan kepadanya hasil musyawarah dia dengan istrinya, tiba-tiba anak perempuannya itu berkata, "Siapakah yang melamarku kepada kalian sehingga perlu memberitahukannya kepada ibunya?" Perempuan itu melanjutkan perkataannya, "Apakah kalian menolak lamaran Rasulullah ﷺ? Sesungguhnya dia tidak akan menyia-nyiakan diriku." Akhirnya ayahnya pergi menemui Rasulullah ﷺ dan berkata kepadanya, "Saya serahkan dia kepadamu, kawinkanlah dia dengan Julaibib."
Rasulullah ﷺ pergi ke medan perang. Ketika Allah memberikan kemenangan kepadanya, maka beliau bersabda kepada para sahabatnya, "Apakah kalian merasa kehilangan seseorang?” Mereka menjawab, "Kami kehilangan si Fulan dan kami kehilangan si Anu." Rasulullah ﷺ kembali bersabda, "Periksalah, apakah kalian kehilangan seseorang." Mereka menjawab, "Tidak ada lagi." Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Akan tetapi, saya kehilangan Julaibib." Rasulullah ﷺ bersabda, "Carilah dia di antara orang-orang yang telah gugur!"
Maka mereka mencarinya, dan mereka menjumpainya tergeletak mati di samping jenazah tujuh orang (musuh) yang telah dia bunuh, kemudian mereka (musuh) membunuhnya. Mereka berkata, "Wahai Rasulullah, inilah dia, berada di sebelah jenazah tujuh orang yang pasti dialah yang telah membunuh mereka, kemudian mereka (musuhnya) membunuhnya." Maka Rasulullah ﷺ mendatanginya, lalu berdiri di dekat jenazahnya dan bersabda: “Dia telah membunuh tujuh orang dan mereka telah membunuhnya. Orang ini termasuk golonganku dan aku termasuk golongannya,” sebanyak dua atau tiga kali.
Kemudian Rasulullah ﷺ meletakkan jenazahnya pada kedua lengannya, lalu menguburkannya. Jenazahnya tidak memakai katil selain dari kedua lengan Nabi ﷺ yang memanggulnya, kemudian diletakkan di dalam kuburnya. Tiada suatu riwayat pun yang menyebutkan bahwa Nabi ﷺ memandikannya. Sabit r.a. mengatakan bahwa sesudah itu tiada seorang janda pun di kalangan orang-orang Ansar yang lebih dermawan daripada janda Julaibib itu.
Ishaq ibnu Abdullah Abu Talhah bertanya kepada Sabit, "Apakah engkau mengetahui apa yang telah didoakan oleh Rasulullah ﷺ buat wanita itu?" Sabit menjawab, bahwa Rasulullah ﷺ memanjatkan doa berikut buatnya: “Ya Allah, curahkanlah kepadanya nikmat-Mu sederas-derasnya, dan janganlah engkau jadikan penghidupannya sengsara.” Doa beliau dikabulkan oleh Allah. Maka tiada seorang janda pun di kalangan Ansar yang lebih dermawan daripada wanita itu.
Hal yang sama telah diketengahkan oleh Imam Ahmad secara panjang lebar, dan Imam Muslim serta Imam Nasai telah mengetengahkan sebagiannya di dalam Kitabul Fada'il dalam kisah terbunuhnya Julaibib.
Al-Hafiz Abu Umar ibnu Abdul Bar telah menyebutkan di dalam kitab Al-Isti'ab, bahwa ketika wanita itu berkata di dalam kemahnya, "Apakah kalian menolak lamaran Rasulullah ﷺ?” Maka turunlah ayat ini, yaitu firman-Nya: “Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan tidak (pula) bagi perempuan yang mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan, akan ada bagi mereka pilihan (yang lain) tentang urusan mereka.” (Al-Ahzab: 36)
Ibnu Juraij mengatakan, telah menceritakan kepadaku Amir ibnu Mus'ab, dari Tawus yang telah menceritakan bahwa sesungguhnya dia pernah bertanya kepada Ibnu Abbas tentang dua rakaat yang dilakukan sesudah salat Asar. Maka Ibnu Abbas melarangnya (mengerjakannya), dan Ibnu Abbas membacakan firman-Nya: “Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan tidak (pula) bagi perempuan yang mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan, akan ada bagi mereka pilihan (yang lain) tentang urusan mereka.” (Al-Ahzab: 36) Ayat ini mengandung makna yang umum mencakup semua urusan, yang garis besarnya menyatakan bahwa apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya memutuskan suatu perkara, maka seorang pun tidak diperkenankan menentangnya, dan tidak boleh ada pilihan lain atau pendapat lain atau ucapan lain selain dari apa yang telah ditetapkan itu.
Dalam ayat lain disebutkan melalui firman-Nya: “Maka demi Tuhanmu, mereka (pada hakikatnya) tidak beriman hingga mereka menjadikan kamu hakim terhadap perkara yang mereka perselisihkan, kemudian mereka tidak merasa dalam hati mereka suatu keberatan terhadap putusan yang kamu berikan, dan mereka menerima dengan sepenuhnya.” (An-Nisa: 65) Di dalam sebuah hadis disebutkan: “Demi Tuhan yang jiwaku berada di dalam genggaman kekuasaan-Nya, tidaklah beriman seseorang di antara kalian sebelum kesenangannya mengikuti apa yang disampaikan olehku.” Karena itulah maka diperingatkan dengan keras bagi orang yang menentang hal ini melalui firman Allah ﷻ:
“Dan barang siapa yang mendurhakai Allah dan Rasul-Nya, maka sungguh dia telah sesat dengan kesesatan yang nyata.” (Al-Ahzab: 36) Semakna dengan apa yang disebutkan oleh firman-Nya: “Maka hendaklah orang-orang yang menyalahi perintah-Nya takut akan ditimpa cobaan atau ditimpa azab yang pedih.” (An-Nur: 63)
Ketaatan orang-orang yang beriman kepada Allah tidak cukup dibuktikan dengan memiliki sepuluh sifat yang disebutkan dalam ayat-ayat sebelumnya. Ia harus pula tunduk kepada hukum-hukum yang Allah tetapkan. Dan tidaklah pantas bagi laki-laki yang mukmin dan perempuan yang mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan hukum, maka tidak akan ada pilihan hukum yang lain bagi mereka tentang urusan mereka. Mereka harus menaati hukum yang Allah dan Rasul-Nya tetapkan. Dan barang siapa mendurhakai Allah dan Rasul-Nya dengan menolak hukum-Nya, maka sungguh, dia telah tersesat dengan kesesatan yang nyata. 37. Dan ingatlah, ketika engkau, wahai Nabi Muhammad, beberapa kali berkata kepada orang, yakni Zaid bin ''ri'ah, yang telah diberi nikmat oleh Allah dengan memeluk agama Islam dan engkau juga telah memberi nikmat kepadanya dengan memerdekakannya dan mengangkatnya menjadi anak, 'Pertahankanlah terus istrimu, Zainab binti Ja'sy! Jangan kau ceraikan ia, dan bertakwalah kepada Allah dengan bersabar menjalani pernikahanmu meski istrimu kurang menghormati'mu'.
Pada ayat ini, Allah menjelaskan bahwa tidak patut bagi orang-orang yang beriman baik laki-laki maupun perempuan, apabila Allah dan rasul-Nya telah menetapkan ketentuan, mereka memilih ketentuan lain yang bertentangan dengan ketetapan keduanya. Menentukan pilihan sendiri yang tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan dari Allah dan rasul-Nya berarti mendurhakai perintah keduanya, dan tersesat dari jalan yang benar. Hal seperti itu diancam pula oleh Allah dengan firman-Nya:
Maka hendaklah orang-orang yang menyalahi perintah Rasul-Nya takut akan mendapat cobaan atau ditimpa azab yang pedih. (an-Nur/24: 63).
Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki beriman dan tidak pula perempuan beriman apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan sesuatu ketetapan, bahwa ada bagi mereka pilihan lain tentang urusan mereka. Dan barangsiapa yang mendurhaka kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya, maka sesungguhnya sesatlah dia, sesat yang nyata.
(ayat 36)
Menurut riwayat dari Qatadah dan Ibnu Abbas, asal turun ayat ini ialah karena Rasulullah ﷺ meminang Zainab binti Jahasy, anak dari saudara perempuan ayahnya. Di-sangkanya Nabi meminangnya untuk diri Nabi sendiri. Tetapi setelah dinyatakan oleh Nabi, bahwa Nabi meminangnya ialah untuk Zaid bin Haritsah, budak yang telah beliau merdekakan dan di zaman jahiliyyah telah beliau jadikan anak angkat. Zainab tidak mau. Lalu turunlah ayat ini. Mendengar bunyi ayat ini dibacakan Nabi tunduklah Zainab dan maulah dia kawin dengan Zaid.
Dalam riwayat yang lain tersebut pula, bahwa saudara Zainab yang bernama Abdullah bin Jahasy pun turut menyatakan tidak setuju. Alasan keberatannya ialah karena tidak sepadan; Zainab dari keturunan mulia Quraisy, sedang Zaid selama ini terkenal sebagai budak. Tetapi setelah ayat ini turun dan dibacakan oleh Rasulullah, Abdullah bin Jahasy pun menyatakan persetujuannya.
Malahan menurut riwayat dari al-Aufiy pula dari Ibnu Abbas Rasulullah datang me-minang langsung Zainab untuk Zaid. Lalu Zainab menjawab, “Saya tidak mau kawin dengan dia."
Lalu Rasulullah berkata, “Bahkan, kamu mesti nikah dengan dia."
Zainab masih menantang juga dengan katanya, “Rasulullah! Bukankah aku berhak atas diriku?"
Tiba-tiba turunlah ayat lalu dibaca oleh Rasulullah ﷺ bahwa tidaklah pantas bagi seorang laki-laki yang beriman dan seorang perempuan yang beriman, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah memutuskan suatu hal, bahwa mereka masih memilih yang lain.
Menurut riwayat yang lain pula, bahwa sebab turun ayat ini ialah dengan diri seorang perempuan bernama Ummi Kaltsumbin Uqbah bin Abu Mu'ith. Keistimewaannya ialah karena dia termasuk seorang perempuan yang hijrah ke Madinah menurutkan Nabi sesudah Shuluh Hudaibiyah. Dia telah menghibahkan dirinya, atau menyerahkan diri kepada Nabi, jika beliau sudi menerimanya jadi istrinya. Tetapi oleh Rasulullah ﷺ ditawarkan agar Ummi Kaltsum sudi kawin dengan Zaid bin Haritsah saja. Menurut Ibnu Katsir dalam tafsirnya, “Kemungkinan sesudah Zaid bercerai dengan Zainab binti Jahasy, “ Maka kecewalah hati Ummi Kaltsum karena anjuran Nabi ﷺ itu dan kecewa juga saudara laki-lakinya. Maka datanglah ayat ini menyatakan, bahwa laki-laki beriman dan perempuan beriman tidak pantas menolak apa yang telah ditentukan oleh Allah dan Rasul, lalu memilih jalan lain.
Riwayat ini diterima dari Mujahid dan Qatadah dan Muqaatil bin Hayyan.
Kedua riwayat ini dapatlah dipertemukan, meskipun ayat hanya turun satu kali. Karena pada keduanya kelihatan kekecewaan Zainab dan kekecewaan Ummi Kaltsum, demikian juga saudara laki-laki keduanya, karena kedua perempuan itu merasa diri mereka lebih tinggi martabatnya, mereka pun mengharapkan mudah-mudahan Nabi yang akan menerima nasib mereka, padahal akan dikawinkan dengan Zaid. Meskipun Zaid salah seorang yang mula-mula sekali menyatakan iman dan memeluk Islam, tetapi pengaruh riwayat hidup Zaid sebelumnya, yaitu budak dan kemudian dimerdekakan, sangat memengaruhi sikap kedua perempuan itu dan sikap saudara-saudara laki-laki mereka. Tetapi bila ayat telah turun, mereka semuanya tunduk.
Dengan ayat ini umat diajar supaya berdisiplin, patuh menurut bilamana perintah Allah dan Rasul telah datang.
Dari ayat ini dapat kita ambil kesimpulan, bahwa pokok ajaran Islam tidaklah sangat mementingkan tentang kufu atau kafa'ah, yaitu mencari perjodohan karena menilik keturunan.
Jika kita tilik Islam pada masa awal pertumbuhannya, jodoh atau kufu dan kafa'ah yang dipentingkan hanya satu, yaitu perempuan Islam tidak boleh dikawini oleh laki-laki yang masih kafir, dan baru boleh kawin kalau laki-laki itu telah menyatakan iman. Cuma itu!
Sebab itu terjadilah perkawinan Zainab binti Jahasy, sedang Zainab ini cucu dari Abdul Muthalib dengan Zaid bin Haritsah, bekas budak yang dimerdekakan oleh Rasulullah ﷺ
Dhaba'ah binti az-Zubair, anak dari Zubair bin al-Awwam kawin dengan al-Miqdad bin al-Aswad.
Salim, bekas budak yang dimerdekakan oleh Hudzaifah bin al-Yaman dikawinkan dengan Fatimah binti al-Walid bin Utbah. Bahkan Bilal bin Rabah, muadzin Rasul yang dimerdekakan oleh Abu Bakar ash-Shiddiq kawin dengan saudara perempuan dari Abdurrahman bin Auf.
Orang-orang ini, yaitu Zaid, Salim, dan Bilal adalah maula-maulci (mawaali) yang terkenal dalam sejarah Islam. Meskipun mereka semuanya bekas budak, namun jasa mereka dalam Islam sangat besar.
(Dan tidaklah patut bagi laki-laki yang Mukmin dan tidak pula bagi perempuan yang Mukmin, apabila Allah dan Rasul-Nya telah menetapkan suatu ketetapan akan ada) Yakuuna dapat dibaca Takuuna (bagi mereka pilihan yang lain) (tentang urusan mereka) yang berbeda dengan apa yang telah ditetapkan oleh Allah dan Rasul-Nya. Ayat ini diturunkan berkenaan dengan Abdullah bin Jahsy beserta saudara perempuannya yang bernama Zainab; Nabi ﷺ melamarnya untuk dikawinkan kepada Zaid bin Haritsah, lalu keduanya tidak menyukai hal tersebut ketika keduanya mengetahui bahwa Nabi melamar saudara perempuannya bukanlah untuk dirinya sendiri, melainkan untuk anak angkatnya yaitu Zaid bin Haritsah. Akan tetapi setelah turun ayat ini keduanya menjadi rela. (Dan barang siapa mendurhakai Allah dan Rasul-Nya maka sungguh dia telah sesat, sesat yang nyata) nyata sesatnya. Kemudian Nabi mengawinkan Zainab binti Jahsy dengan Zaid. Akan tetapi sesudah beberapa waktu dalam diri Zaid timbul rasa tidak senang terhadap istrinya itu, lalu ia berkata kepada Nabi ﷺ bahwa ia bermaksud untuk menalaknya. Maka Nabi ﷺ menjawab, "Peganglah istrimu itu di dalam pemeliharaanmu" sebagaimana yang disitir oleh firman selanjutnya.
Belum tersedia. Dibutuhkan biaya untuk menambahkan tafsir ini.
Belum tersedia. Dibutuhkan biaya untuk menambahkan tafsir ini.
Belum tersedia. Dibutuhkan biaya untuk menambahkan tafsir ini.
Belum tersedia. Dibutuhkan biaya untuk menambahkan tafsir ini.
Belum tersedia. Dibutuhkan biaya untuk menambahkan tafsir ini.