At-Tawbah: 23

Ayah

Word by Word

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا

O you

ٱلَّذِينَ

who

ءَامَنُواْ

believe!

لَا

(Do) not

تَتَّخِذُوٓاْ

take

ءَابَآءَكُمۡ

your fathers

وَإِخۡوَٰنَكُمۡ

and your brothers

أَوۡلِيَآءَ

(as) allies

إِنِ

ٱسۡتَحَبُّواْ

they prefer

ٱلۡكُفۡرَ

[the] disbelief

عَلَى

over

ٱلۡإِيمَٰنِۚ

[the] belief

وَمَن

And whoever

يَتَوَلَّهُم

takes them as allies

مِّنكُمۡ

among you

فَأُوْلَٰٓئِكَ

then those

هُمُ

[they]

ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ

(are) the wrongdoers

Translation

O ye who believe! take not for protectors your fathers and your brothers if they love infidelity above Faith: if any of you do so, they do wrong.

Tafsir

"The Prohibition of taking the Idolators as Supporters, even with Relatives

Allah says;

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ لَا تَتَّخِذُواۡ ابَاءكُمۡ وَإِخۡوَانَكُمۡ أَوۡلِيَاء إَنِ اسۡتَحَبُّواۡ الۡكُفۡرَ عَلَى الاِيمَانِ وَمَن يَتَوَلَّهُم مِّنكُمۡ فَأُوۡلَـيِكَ هُمُ الظَّالِمُونَ

O you who believe! Take not as supporters your fathers and your brothers if they prefer disbelief to belief. And whoever of you befriends them, then he is one of the wrongdoers.

Allah commands shunning the disbelievers, even if they are one's parents or children, and prohibits taking them as supporters if they choose disbelief instead of faith.

Allah warns,

لااَّ تَجِدُ قَوۡماً يُوۡمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الااٌّخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنۡ حَأدَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَلَوۡ كَانُواۡ ءَابَأءَهُمۡ أَوۡ أَبۡنَأءَهُمۡ أَوۡ إِخۡوَنَهُمۡ أَوۡ عَشِيرَتَهُمۡ أُوۡلَـيِكَ كَتَبَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمُ الااِيمَـنَ وَأَيَّدَهُمۡ بِرُوحٍ مِّنۡهُ وَيُدۡخِلُهُمۡ جَنَّـتٍ تَجۡرِى مِن تَحۡتِهَا الااٌّنۡهَـرُ

You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger, even though they were their fathers or their sons or their brothers or their kindred (people). For such He has written (predetermined) faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with a Ruh (proof, light and true guidance) from Himself. And He will admit them to Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow. (58:22)

Al-Hafiz Al-Bayhaqi recorded that Abdullah bin Shawdhab said,

""The father of Abu Ubaydah bin Al-Jarrah was repeatedly praising the idols to his son on the day of Badr, and Abu Ubaydah kept avoiding him. When Al-Jarrah persisted, his son Abu Ubaydah headed towards him and killed him. Allah revealed this Ayah in his case,

لااَّ تَجِدُ قَوۡماً يُوۡمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الااٌّخِرِ يُوَادُّونَ مَنۡ حَأدَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ

You will not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, making friendship with those who oppose Allah and His Messenger."" (58:22)

Allah commanded His Messenger to warn those who prefer their family, relatives or tribe to Allah, His Messenger and Jihad in His cause

قُلۡ إِن كَانَ ابَاوُكُمۡ وَأَبۡنَأوُكُمۡ وَإِخۡوَانُكُمۡ وَأَزۡوَاجُكُمۡ وَعَشِيرَتُكُمۡ وَأَمۡوَالٌ اقۡتَرَفۡتُمُوهَا

Say:If your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your wives, your kindred, the wealth that you have gained, (amassed and collected),

وَتِجَارَةٌ تَخۡشَوۡنَ كَسَادَهَا وَمَسَاكِنُ تَرۡضَوۡنَهَا

the commerce in which you fear a decline, and the dwellings in which you delight,

and prefer and love because they are comfortable and good. If all these things,

أَحَبَّ إِلَيۡكُم مِّنَ اللّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَجِهَادٍ فِي سَبِيلِهِ فَتَرَبَّصُواۡ

are dearer to you than Allah and His Messenger, and striving hard and fighting in His cause, then wait...

for what will befall you of Allah's punishment and torment,

حَتَّى يَأۡتِيَ اللّهُ بِأَمۡرِهِ وَاللّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي الۡقَوۡمَ الۡفَاسِقِينَ

until Allah brings about His decision. And Allah guides not the people who are rebellious.

Imam Ahmad recorded that Zuhrah bin Ma`bad said that his grandfather said,

""We were with the Messenger of Allah, while he was holding the hand of Umar bin Al-Khattab. Umar said, `By Allah! You, O Messenger of Allah, are dearer to me than everything, except for myself.'

The Messenger of Allah said,

لَاا يُوۡمِنُ أَحَدُكُمۡ حَتَّى أَكُونَ أَحَبَّ إِلَيۡهِ مِنۡ نَفۡسِه

None among you will attain faith until I become dearer to him than even himself.

Umar said, `Verily, now, you are dearer to me than myself, by Allah!'

The Messenger of Allah said,

الاۡنَ يَا عُمَر

(Now, O `Umar)!""

Al-Bukhari also collected this Hadith.

Imam Ahmad and Abu Dawud (this is the version of Abu Dawud) recorded that Ibn Umar said,

""I heard the Messenger of Allah saying,

إِذَا تَبَايَعۡتُمۡ بِالۡعِينَةِ وَأَخَذۡتُمۡ بِأَذۡنَابِ الۡبَقَرِ وَرَضِيتُمۡ بِالزَّرۡعِ وَتَرَكۡتُمُ الۡجِهَادَ سَلَّطَ اللهُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ ذُلاًّ لَا يَنۡزِعُهُ حَتَّى تَرۡجِعُوا إِلَى دِينِكُم

If you transact in `Iynah (a type of Riba), follow the tails of cows (tilling the land), become content with agriculture and abandoned Jihad, Allah will send on you disgrace that He will not remove until, you return to your religion."

At-Tawbah: 23

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