Al-Mujadila: 5

Ayah

Word by Word

إِنَّ

Indeed

ٱلَّذِينَ

those who

يُحَآدُّونَ

oppose

ٱللَّهَ

Allah

وَرَسُولَهُۥ

and His Messenger

كُبِتُواْ

(will) be disgraced

كَمَا

كُبِتَ

were disgraced

ٱلَّذِينَ

those

مِن

before them

قَبۡلِهِمۡۚ

before them

وَقَدۡ

And certainly

أَنزَلۡنَآ

We have sent down

ءَايَٰتِ

Verses

بَيِّنَٰتٖۚ

clear

وَلِلۡكَٰفِرِينَ

And for the disbelievers

عَذَابٞ

(is) a punishment

مُّهِينٞ

humiliating

Translation

Those who resist Allah and His Messenger will be humbled to dust, as were those before them: for We have already sent down Clear Signs. And the Unbelievers (will have) a humiliating Penalty,-

Tafsir

Explaining the Punishment of the Enemies of the Religion

Allah states that those who defy Him and His Messenger and contradict His commandments,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُحَادُّونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ

Verily, those who oppose Allah and His Messenger,

Allah states that those who defy Him and His Messenger and contradict His commandments,

كُبِتُوا كَمَا كُبِتَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِمۡ

will be disgraced as those before them were disgraced,

meaning, they will be humiliated, cursed and disgraced, just as what happened to their like were before them,

وَقَدۡ أَنزَلۡنَا ايَاتٍ بَيِّنَاتٍ

And We have sent down clear Ayat.

meaning, none contradicts or opposes them, except a disbeliever, rebellious, sinner,

وَلِلۡكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ

And for the disbelievers is a disgraceful torment.

meaning, as just recompense for their arrogant refusal to follow, obey and submit to the religion of Allah.

Allah the Exalted said

يَوۡمَ يَبۡعَثُهُمُ اللَّهُ جَمِيعًا

On the Day when Allah will resurrect them all together,

referring to the Day of Resurrection when He will gather the early and the latter generations in one area,

فَيُنَبِّيُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا

and inform them of what they did.

He will tell them all that they did in detail, whether good or evil,

أَحۡصَاهُ اللَّهُ وَنَسُوهُ

Allah has kept account of it, while they have forgotten it.

meaning, Allah recorded and kept all these actions, even though they have forgotten what they did,

وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ شَهِيدٌ

And Allah is Witness over all things.

meaning, nothing escapes His knowledge, and no matter is hidden from Him or escapes His complete observation.

Allah's Knowledge encompasses Creation

Then Allah the Exalted informs of His knowledge encompassing all creation, observing it, hearing their speech and seeing them, wherever they may be and in whatever condition they may be in

أَلَمۡ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الاَۡرۡضِ

مَا يَكُونُ مِن نَّجۡوَى ثَلَاثَةٍ

Have you not seen that Allah knows whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is on the earth? There is no Najwa of three,

i.e., secret consultation of three,

إِلاَّ هُوَ رَابِعُهُمۡ وَلَا خَمۡسَةٍ إِلاَّ هُوَ سَادِسُهُمۡ

وَلَا أَدۡنَى مِن ذَلِكَ وَلَا أَكۡثَرَ إِلاَّ هُوَ مَعَهُمۡ أَيۡنَ مَا كَانُوا

but He is their fourth --- nor of five but He is their sixth --- nor of less than that or more but He is with them wheresoever they may be.

meaning, He is watching them, perfectly hearing their speech, whether uttered in public or secret. His angels record all that they say, even though He has better knowledge of it and hears them perfectly, as Allah said;

أَلَمۡ يَعۡلَمُواۡ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعۡلَمُ سِرَّهُمۡ وَنَجۡوَاهُمۡ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَّـمُ الۡغُيُوبِ

Know they not that Allah knows their secret ideas, and their Najwa, and that Allah is the All-Knower of the unseen. (9:78),

أَمۡ يَحۡسَبُونَ أَنَّا لَا نَسۡمَعُ سِرَّهُمۡ وَنَجۡوَهُم بَلَى وَرُسُلُنَا لَدَيۡهِمۡ يَكۡتُبُونَ

Or do they think that We hear not their secrets and their private Najwa And Our messengers are by them to record. (43:80)

For this reason, several mentioned that there is a consensus among the scholars that this with refers to Allah's knowledge. There is no doubt that this meaning is true, especially if we add to it the certainty that His hearing encompasses all things, as well as His sight. He, the Exalted and Most Honored, is never lacking in knowing all their affairs,

ثُمَّ يُنَبِّيُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوا يَوۡمَ الۡقِيَامَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَيۡءٍ عَلِيمٌ

And afterwards on the Day of Resurrection He will inform them of what they did. Verily, Allah is the All-Knower of everything.

Imam Ahmad commented, Allah began the Ayah (58:7) by mentioning His knowledge and ended it by mentioning His knowledge.

Al-Mujadila: 5

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