Muhammad: 38

Ayah

Word by Word

هَٰٓأَنتُمۡ

Here you are

هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ

these

تُدۡعَوۡنَ

called

لِتُنفِقُواْ

to spend

فِي

سَبِيلِ

(the) way

ٱللَّهِ

(of) Allah

فَمِنكُم

but among you

مَّن

(are some) who

يَبۡخَلُۖ

withhold

وَمَن

and whoever

يَبۡخَلۡ

withholds

فَإِنَّمَا

then only

يَبۡخَلُ

he withholds

عَن

from

نَّفۡسِهِۦۚ

himself

وَٱللَّهُ

But Allah

ٱلۡغَنِيُّ

(is) Free of need

وَأَنتُمُ

while you

ٱلۡفُقَرَآءُۚ

(are) the needy

وَإِن

And if

تَتَوَلَّوۡاْ

you turn away

يَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ

He will replace you

قَوۡمًا

(with) a people

غَيۡرَكُمۡ

other than you

ثُمَّ

then

لَا

not

يَكُونُوٓاْ

they will be

أَمۡثَٰلَكُم

(the) likes of you

Translation

Behold, ye are those invited to spend (of your substance) in the Way of Allah: But among you are some that are niggardly. But any who are niggardly are so at the expense of their own souls. But Allah is free of all wants, and it is ye that are needy. If ye turn back (from the Path), He will substitute in your stead another people; then they would not be like you!

Tafsir

Showing the Triviality of the Worldly Life and encouraging Spending

Expressing the insignificance and worthlessness of the worldly life, Allah says,

إِنَّمَا الحَيَاةُ الدُّنۡيَا لَعِبٌ وَلَهۡوٌ

This worldly life is only amusement and diversion.

which means that such is its outcome, except for that which is done for the sake of Allah.

Because of this, Allah says,

وَإِن تُوۡمِنُوا وَتَتَّقُوا يُوۡتِكُمۡ أُجُورَكُمۡ وَلَاإ يَسۡأَلۡكُمۡ أَمۡوَالَكُمۡ

And if you believe and have Taqwa of Allah, He will grant you your rewards, and will not ask from you (to sacrifice all of) your possessions.

meaning, He is in no need of you, and asks you for nothing. He only ordained giving charity from your wealth so that you would help your needy brothers. The benefit of that would then come back to you, as well as the rewards.

Allah then says

إِن يَسۡأَلۡكُمُوهَا فَيُحۡفِكُمۡ تَبۡخَلُوا

If He would demand of you all of it and urge you, you would withhold.

meaning, if He pressures you much, you would become stingy.

وَيُخۡرِجۡ أَضۡغَانَكُمۡ

And He will expose your (secret) ill-wills.

Qatadah said,

Allah knows that extracting wealth (i.e., money from people) brings about ill-wills.

Indeed, Qatadah has said the truth, because money is dear to the people, and they do not spend it except in things that are dearer to them than it.

Allah then says

هَاأَنتُمۡ هَوُلَااء تُدۡعَوۡنَ لِتُنفِقُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ

فَمِنكُم مَّن

Here you are now invited to spend in Allah's cause; but among you are those who withhold (stingily).

meaning, they refuse to spend.

Allah continues,

يَبۡخَلُ وَمَن يَبۡخَلۡ فَإِنَّمَا يَبۡخَلُ عَن نَّفۡسِهِ

And whoever acts stingily is but stingy toward himself.

meaning, he only reduces his own rewards, and the bad outcome of that will come back to him.

وَاللَّهُ الۡغَنِيُّ

For Allah is indeed Al-Ghani,

Allah is in need of nothing else, whereas everything is ever in need of Him.

Thus, Allah says,

وَأَنتُمُ الۡفُقَرَاء

while you are the needy.

meaning, specifically of Him.

The description of Allah as Al-Ghani (in no need) is a necessary description of Allah; on the other hand, the description of the creation as Faqr (needy) is a necessary description for them that they cannot avoid.

Allah then says,

وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوۡا

And if you turn away,

which means, if you turn away from obeying Him and adhering to His Laws.

يَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ قَوۡمًا غَيۡرَكُمۡ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُوا أَمۡثَالَكُمۡ

He will replace you with other people; then they will not be like you.

meaning, rather, they will be people who will listen to Him and obey His commands.

This concludes the Tafsir of Surah Muhammad. And Allah is worthy of all praise and gratitude.

Muhammad: 38

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