Al-Jathiyah: 31

Ayah

Word by Word

وَأَمَّا

But as for

ٱلَّذِينَ

those who

كَفَرُوٓاْ

disbelieved

أَفَلَمۡ

Then were not

تَكُنۡ

Then were not

ءَايَٰتِي

My Verses

تُتۡلَىٰ

recited

عَلَيۡكُمۡ

to you

فَٱسۡتَكۡبَرۡتُمۡ

but you were proud

وَكُنتُمۡ

and you became

قَوۡمٗا

a people

مُّجۡرِمِينَ

criminals

Translation

But as to those who rejected Allah, (to them will be said): "Were not Our Signs rehearsed to you? But ye were arrogant, and were a people given to sin!

Tafsir

Some of the Conditions of the Day of Resurrection and its Horrors

Allah says,

وَلَلَّهِ مُلۡكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَۡرضِ

And to Allah belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth.

Allah mentions that He is the King and Owner of the heavens and earth, and the Only Ruler over them in this life and the Hereafter.

Allah's statement,

وَيَومَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ

And on the Day that the Hour will be established,

on the Day of Resurrection,

يَوۡمَيِذٍ يَخۡسَرُ الۡمُبۡطِلُونَ

on that day the followers of falsehood shall lose.

those who disbelieve in Allah and reject the clear proofs and unequivocal evidences that He has sent down to His Messengers.

Allah said

وَتَرَى كُلَّ أُمَّةٍ جَاثِيَةً

And you will see each nation humbled to their knees (Jathiyah),

kneeling, fearful of the tremendous calamity and events.

It was said that this will occur when Hellfire will be brought forth, for she will exhale once, and everyone will fall to their knees, including Ibrahim, the Khalil. He will proclaim, Myself, myself, myself! Today, I will not ask You (O Allah) but about myself.

And even `Isa, will proclaim, Today, I will only argue before You on my own behalf, I will not ask You about Maryam, who gave birth to me.

Allah said next,

كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ تُدۡعَى إِلَى كِتَابِهَا

each nation will be called to its Record.

meaning, Record of deeds.

Allah said in a similar Ayah,

وَوُضِعَ الۡكِتَـبُ وَجِـىءَ بِالنَّبِيِّيۡنَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ

And the Book will be presented; and the Prophets and the witnesses will be brought forward, (39:69)

This is why Allah said here,

الۡيَوۡمَ تُجۡزَوۡنَ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ

This Day you shall be recompensed for what you used to do.

`you will be judged according to your deeds, good and evil.'

Allah said in similar Ayat;

يُنَبَّأُ الاِنسَـنُ يَوۡمَيِذِ بِمَا قَدَّمَ وَأَخَّرَ

بَلِ الاِنسَـنُ عَلَى نَفۡسِهِ بَصِيرَةٌ

وَلَوۡ أَلۡقَى مَعَاذِيرَهُ

On that Day man will be informed of what he sent forward, and what he left behind. Nay! Man will be a witness against himself, though he may put forth his excuses. (75:13-15)

Allah said

هَذَا كِتَابُنَا يَنطِقُ عَلَيۡكُم بِالۡحَقِّ

This, Our Record speaks about you with truth.

It contains the record of all your actions, without addition or deletion.

Allah also said:

وَوُضِعَ الۡكِتَـبُ فَتَرَى الۡمُجۡرِمِينَ مُشۡفِقِينَ مِمَّا فِيهِ وَيَقُولُونَ يوَيۡلَتَنَا مَا لِهَـذَا الۡكِتَـبِ لَا يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً إِلاَّ أَحۡصَاهَا وَوَجَدُواۡ مَا عَمِلُواۡ حَاضِرًا وَلَا يَظۡلِمُ رَبُّكَ أَحَدًا

And the Book will be presented, and you will see the criminals, fearful of that which is therein. They will say:

Woe to us! What sort of Book is this that leaves neither a small thing nor a big thing, but has recorded it with numbers!

And they will find all that they did, placed before them, and your Lord treats no one with injustice. (18:49)

Allah's statement,

إِنَّا كُنَّا نَسۡتَنسِخُ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ

Verily, We were recording what you used to do.

means, `We ordered Our scribe angels to record your deeds.'

Ibn Abbas and others commented,

The angels record the deeds of the servants and then ascend to heaven with them. There, they meet the angels entrusted with the Records of deeds sent down from Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz on each Night of Al-Qadr, containing what Allah has written will occur from the servants, long before He created them. They will compare their records and find out that not a single letter was added or deleted.

He then recited this Ayah,

إِنَّا كُنَّا نَسۡتَنسِخُ مَا كُنتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُونَ

(Verily, We were recording what you used to do.

Allah states to us His judgement in His creation on the Day of Resurrection,

Allah says,

فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ

Then, as for those who believed and did good deeds,

Those whose hearts believed and their limbs performed good deeds, in sincerity to Allah and conforming with Islamic legislation;

فَيُدۡخِلُهُمۡ رَبُّهُمۡ فِي رَحۡمَتِهِ

their Lord will admit them to His mercy.

and that is Paradise.

In the Sahih, Allah said to Paradise;

أَنۡتِ رَحۡمَتِي أَرۡحَمُ بِكِ مَنۡ أَشَاء

You are My mercy, with which I grant mercy to whom I will,

Allah said;

ذَلِكَ هُوَ الۡفَوۡزُ الۡمُبِينُ

That will be the evident success.

clear and apparent.

Allah said

وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَفَلَمۡ تَكُنۡ ايَاتِي تُتۡلَى عَلَيۡكُمۡ فَاسۡتَكۡبَرۡتُمۡ

But as for those who disbelieved (it will be said to them):

Were not Our Ayat recited to you? But you were proud...

They will be admonished and criticized with this statement, that means, `have not the Ayat of Ar-Rahman been recited to you? But you did not follow them out of pride and turned away upon hearing them,'

وَكُنتُمۡ قَوۡمًا مُّجۡرِمِينَ

and you were a people who were criminals.

`by your actions, as well as, the denial that your hearts contained.

وَإِذَا قِيلَ إِنَّ وَعۡدَ اللَّهِ حَقٌّ وَالسَّاعَةُ لَاإ رَيۡبَ فِيهَا

And when it was said:

Verily, Allah's promise is the truth, and there is no doubt about the coming of the Hour,

`when the believers said these words to you;'

قُلۡتُم مَّا نَدۡرِي مَا السَّاعَةُ

you said:We know not what is the Hour...

`we do not recognize what you are talking about,'

إِن نَّظُنُّ إِلاَّ ظَنًّا

we do not think it but conjecture,

`we only remotely think that it might come,'

وَمَا نَحۡنُ بِمُسۡتَيۡقِنِينَ

and we have no firm convincing belief (therein).

`we are not sure of it.'

Allah said

وَبَدَا لَهُمۡ سَيِّيَاتُ مَا عَمِلُوا

And the evil of what they did will appear to them,

the repercussion of their evil deeds will become apparent to them,

وَحَاقَ بِهِم

and will completely encircle them. (from all directions),

مَّا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسۡتَهۡزِوُون

that which they used to mock at,

i.e. of the coming torment and punishment

وَقِيلَ الۡيَوۡمَ نَنسَاكُمۡ

And it will be said:This Day We will forget you...

`We will treat you as if We have forgotten you, casting you in the fire of Jahannam,'

كَمَا نَسِيتُمۡ لِقَاء يَوۡمِكُمۡ هَذَا

as you forgot the meeting of this Day of yours.

`and did not work for it because you did not believe in its coming,'

وَمَأۡوَاكُمۡ النَّارُ

وَمَا لَكُم مِّن نَّاصِرِينَ

And your abode is the Fire, and there is none to help you.

In the Sahih, it is reported that Allah the Exalted will ask some of His servants on the Day of Resurrection,

أَلَمۡ أُزَوِّجۡكَ أَلَمۡ أُكۡرِمۡكَ أَلَمۡ أُسَخِّرۡ لَكَ الۡخَيۡلَ وَالاِۡبِلَ وَأَذَرۡكَ تَرۡأَسُ وَتَرۡبَعُ

فَيَقُولُ بَلَى يَارَبِّ

فَيَقُولُ أَفَظَنَنۡتَ أَنَّكَ مُلَقِيَّ

فَيَقُولُ لَا

فَيَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى فَالۡيَوۡمَ أَنۡسَاكَ كَمَا نَسِيتَنِي

Have I not given you a spouse, honored you and subjected the camels and horses to you?

Have I not allowed you to be a chief and a master?

The servant will say in answer, Yes, O Lord!

Allah will say, Did you think that you would ever meet Me?

He will say, No.

Allah the Exalted will say, then this Day, I will forget you as you forgot Me.

Allah the Exalted said

ذَلِكُم بِأَنَّكُمُ اتَّخَذۡتُمۡ ايَاتِ اللَّهِ هُزُوًا

This, because you took the revelations of Allah in mockery.

`We gave you this punishment as retribution because you mocked Allah's proofs that He sent to you, and made them the subject of jokes and jest,'

وَغَرَّتۡكُمُ الۡحَيَاةُ الدُّنۡيَا

and the life of the world deceived you.

`this life fooled you and you were seduced by to it, thus becoming among the ultimate losers,'

فَالۡيَوۡمَ لَاا يُخۡرَجُونَ مِنۡهَا

So this Day, they shall not be taken out from there, (i.e. from Hellfire),

وَلَا هُمۡ يُسۡتَعۡتَبُونَ

nor shall they be returned to the worldly life.

no apologies shall be sought from them, but they will be punished without limit or delay, just as a group of the believers will enter Paradise without limit or delay.

After Allah mentioned His judgement for the believers and the disbelievers, He said

فَلِلَّهِ الۡحَمۡدُ رَبِّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَرَبِّ الاَۡرۡضِ

So all praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the heavens and the Lord of the earth,

He is their Owner and the Owner of all that is in and on them, and surely,

رَبِّ الۡعَالَمِينَ

and the Lord of all that exists.

Allah said next,

وَلَهُ الۡكِبۡرِيَاء فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالاَۡرۡضِ

And His is the majesty in the heavens and the earth,

meaning, the kingship, according to Mujahid.

This Ayah means, Allah is the Almighty, Worthy of all praise; everything and everyone is subservient and in complete need of and dependent upon Him.

In an authentic Hadith, the Prophet said,

يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى الۡعَظَمَةُ إِزَارِي وَالۡكِبۡرِيَاءُ رِدَايِي فَمَنۡ نَازَعَنِي وَاحِدًا مِنۡهُمَا أَسۡكَنۡتُهُ نَارِي

Allah the Exalted said,

Glory is My robe and pride is My garment; whoever rivals Me for either of them, I will make him reside in My Fire!

Muslim collected a similar Hadith.

Allah said,

وَهُوَ الۡعَزِيزُ

and He is the Al-`Aziz, (Who is never resisted or rivaled),

الۡحَكِيمُ

Al-Hakim

(all wise in His statements, actions, legislation and the decree that He appoints);

all glory and praise are due to Him, none has the right to be worshipped but He, Alone.

This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Jathiyah. All praise and thanks are due to Allah alone.

Al-Jathiyah: 31

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