Luqman: 1

Ayah

Word by Word

الٓمٓ

Alif Lam Mim

Translation

A. L. M.

Tafsir

Tafsir of Surah Luqman

Allah says:

الم

Alif Lam Mim.

At the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah we discussed the letters such as those that appear at the beginning of this Surah.

تِلۡكَ ايَاتُ الۡكِتَابِ الۡحَكِيمِ

These are Ayat of the Wise Book.

هُدًى وَرَحۡمَةً لِّلۡمُحۡسِنِينَ

الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَةَ وَيُوۡتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَهُم بِالاۡخِرَةِ هُمۡ يُوقِنُونَ

A guide and a mercy for the Muhsinin. Those who perform the Salah and give Zakah and they have faith in the Hereafter with certainty.

Allah has made the Qur'an a guidance and healing and a mercy for the Muhsinin, who are those who do good deeds in accordance with the Shariah. They establish the obligatory prayers in the proper manner and at the correct times, and follow that with regular, optional and supererogatory prayers; they pay the Zakah to those who deserve it; they uphold the ties of kinship with their relatives; they have certain faith that there will be rewards and punishments in the Hereafter, and they seek the reward with Allah; they do not show off or seek a reward or thanks from other people. Whoever does this is one of those of whom Allah says

أُوۡلَيِكَ عَلَى هُدًى مِّن رَّبِّهِمۡ

Such are on guidance from their Lord,

meaning, they follow His guidance with clear understanding.

وَأُوۡلَيِكَ هُمُ الۡمُفۡلِحُونَ

and such are the successful.

in this world and in the Hereafter.

The Doomed are preoccupied with Idle Talk and They turn away from the Ayat of Allah

Allah says:

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِي لَهۡوَ الۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ

And of mankind is he who purchases idle talk (Lahw Al-Hadith) to mislead from the path of Allah without knowledge,

When Allah mentions the blessed -- who are those who are guided by the Book of Allah and benefit from hearing it, as He says:

اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحۡسَنَ الۡحَدِيثِ كِتَـباً مُّتَشَـبِهاً مَّثَانِيَ تَقۡشَعِرُّ مِنۡهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِينَ يَخۡشَوۡنَ رَبَّهُمۡ ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمۡ وَقُلُوبُهُمۡ إِلَى ذِكۡرِ اللَّهِ

Allah has sent down the Best Statement, a Book, its parts resembling each other (and) oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shiver from it. Then their skin and their heart soften to the remembrance of Allah. (39:23)

He connect that with mention of the doomed, those who turn away from the Qur'an and do not benefit from hearing the Words of Allah. Instead, they turn to listening to flutes and singing accompanied by musical instruments. As Ibn Mas`ud commented about the Ayah:

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِي لَهۡوَ الۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ

And of mankind is he who purchases Lahu Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah,

he said, This -- by Allah -- refers to singing.

وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَشۡتَرِي لَهۡوَ الۡحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍ

And of mankind is he who purchases Lahw Al-Hadith to mislead (men) from the path of Allah without knowledge,

Qatadah said:

By Allah, he may not spend money on it, but his purchasing it means he likes it, and the more misguided he is, the more he likes it and the more he prefers falsehood to the truth and harmful things over beneficial things.

It was said that what is meant by the words

يَشۡتَرِي لَهۡوَ الۡحَدِيث

(purchases idle talks) is buying singing servant girls.

Ibn Jarir said that it means all speech that hinders people from seeing the signs of Allah and following His path.

His saying:

لِيُضِلَّ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّه

(to mislead (men) from the path of Allah) means,

he does this to oppose Islam and its followers.

وَيَتَّخِذَهَا هُزُوًا

and takes it by way of mockery.

Mujahid said,

This means mocking the path of Allah and making fun of it.

أُولَيِكَ لَهُمۡ عَذَابٌ مُّهِينٌ

For such there will be a humiliating torment.

Just as they showed no respect to the signs and path of Allah, so they will be shown no respect on the Day of Resurrection, and they will be subjected to a painful, ongoing torment.

Then Allah says

وَإِذَا تُتۡلَى عَلَيۡهِ ايَاتُنَا وَلَّى مُسۡتَكۡبِرًا كَأَن لَّمۡ يَسۡمَعۡهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيۡهِ وَقۡرًا

And when Our Ayat are recited to such a one, he turns away in pride, as if he heard them not -- as if there were deafness in his ear.

means, when these Qur'anic verses are recited to one who is fond of idleness and play, he turns away from them and does not want to hear them. He turns a deaf ear to them as if he can hear nothing, because it annoys him to hear them since he gains no benefit from them and has no interest in them.

فَبَشِّرۡهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

So announce to him a painful torment.

i.e., on the Day of Resurrection, which will hurt him just as much as listening to the Book of Allah and its verses hurt him

The Good Destiny of the Believers

Allah says:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ امَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ

Verily, those who believe and do righteous good deeds, for them are Gardens of Delight.

Here Allah mentions the destiny of the righteous in the Hereafter, those who believe in Allah and His Messenger and do righteous deeds in accordance with the Laws of Allah.

لَهُمۡ جَنَّاتُ النَّعِيم

خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا

for them are Gardens of Delight. To abide therein.

means, there they will enjoy all kinds of delights and pleasures, food, drink, clothing, dwelling-places, means of transportation, women, a light of beauty and delightful sounds, which have never crossed the mind of any human being. They will stay there forever, never leaving and never desiring change.

وَعۡدَ اللَّهِ حَقًّا

It is a promise of Allah in truth.

meaning, this will undoubtedly come to pass, for it is a promise from Allah, and Allah never breaks His promise, because He is the Most Generous Bestower Who does what He wills and is able to do all things.

وَهُوَ الۡعَزِيزُ

And He is the All-Mighty,

Who has subjugated all things and to Whom all things submit,

الۡحَكِيمُ

the All-Wise.

in what He says and what He does, Who has made this Qur'an a guidance to the believers.

قُلۡ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواۡ هُدًى وَشِفَأءٌ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ فِى ءَاذَانِهِمۡ وَقۡرٌ وَهُوَ عَلَيۡهِمۡ عَمًى

Say:It is for those who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for those who disbelieve, there is heaviness (deafness) in their ears, and it is blindness for them. (41:44)

وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ الۡقُرۡءَانِ مَا هُوَ شِفَأءٌ وَرَحۡمَةٌ لِّلۡمُوۡمِنِينَ وَلَا يَزِيدُ الظَّـلِمِينَ إَلاَّ خَسَارًا

And We send down of the Qur'an that which is a healing and a mercy to those who believe, and it increases the wrongdoers nothing but loss. (17:82)

Related Q&A

Why muqotto'at verses exist in Quran?

Many scholars say that no one knows the meaning of Huruf Muqatta'at (Disjointed-Letters) except Allah. Then why they exist in the Qur'an which was sent down to the humankind?

ANSWER:

Firstly, to say that no one understands the meaning of these letters except Allah is not the consensus of all scholars. Indeed, some scholars beginning from some Shahabah (Companions) explained their meanings. Yasiin, for example, means "O human" according to Ibn 'Abbas. He also told that "Alif Lam Ra'" stands for "Ana Allah Araa" which means "I -Allah- see."

On the other hand, we should acknowledge that there are several Shahabah and scholars believe that only Allah who knows the meaning of these Huruf Muqatta'at. Abu Bakr said: "There is secret in every book. Then the secret of Allah in the Quran is these letters in the beginning of surahs." Ali ibn Abi Thalib and others also stated the same thing.

Ash-Sha'bi, a Tabi'i, was once asked about these letters. He then answered, "Every book have their secret. The secret of the Qur'an is the letters in the beginning of surahs. So, leave it and ask me other question beside it."

Yet even from this perspective, these Huruf Muqatta'at are not useless. They even show us many benefits, of them are:

- to examine our faith

- to show us that our knowledge is limited

- to show us that the Quran is in Arabic since it is arranged from these Arabic letters

- to attract listeners' attention due to their uniqueness

- to make a pledge

- to be names for some surahs

There are also interesting facts from this Huruf Muqotta'at. Of them is the total amount of these letters is 14 which is a half of 28 Arabic letters. They can be drawn up to be a sentence like this:

نص حكيم قاطع له سر

The wise, absolute text which has secret.

In short, some scholars exegete these letters while the others did not but still say that these letters have benefits and wisdoms.

Allah knows best.

See:

Ma'alim Al-Tanzil (II/249) & (VII/7)

Al-Kashshaf (I/20-28)

Luqman: 1

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