Yusuf: 1

Ayah

Word by Word

الٓرۚ

Alif Laam Ra

تِلۡكَ

These

ءَايَٰتُ

(are the) Verses

ٱلۡكِتَٰبِ

(of) the Book

ٱلۡمُبِينِ

[the] clear

Translation

A. L. R. These are the symbols (or Verses) of the perspicuous Book.

Tafsir

"Tafsir of Surah Yusuf

Qualities of the Qur'an

Allah says:

الر

Alif-Lam-Ra.

In the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah we talked about the separate letters,

Allah said,

تِلۡكَ ايَاتُ الۡكِتَابِ

These are the verses of the Book.

in reference to the Clear Qur'an that is plain and apparent, and explains, clarifies and makes known the unclear matters.

الۡمُبِينِ

that is clear.

Allah said next,

إِنَّا أَنزَلۡنَاهُ قُرۡانًا عَرَبِيًّا لَّعَلَّكُمۡ تَعۡقِلُونَ

Verily, We have sent it down as an Arabic Qur'an in order that you may understand.

The Arabic language is the most eloquent, plain, deep and expressive of the meanings that might arise in one's mind. Therefore, the most honorable Book, was revealed in the most honorable language, to the most honorable Prophet and Messenger, delivered by the most honorable angel, in the most honorable land on earth, and its revelation started during the most honorable month of the year, Ramadan. Therefore, the Qur'an is perfect in every respect.

So Allah said,

نَحۡنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيۡكَ أَحۡسَنَ الۡقَصَصِ بِمَا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَيۡكَ هَـذَا الۡقُرۡانَ وَإِن كُنتَ مِن قَبۡلِهِ لَمِنَ الۡغَافِلِينَ

We relate unto you the best of stories through Our revelations unto you, of this Qur'an.And before this, you were among those who knew nothing about it.

Reason behind revealing Ayah

On the reason behind revealing Ayah (12:3), Ibn Jarir At-Tabari recorded that Abdullah bin Abbas said,

""They said, `O, Allah's Messenger! Why not narrate to us stories?'

Later on, this Ayah was revealed,

نَحۡنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيۡكَ أَحۡسَنَ الۡقَصَصِ

(We relate unto you the best of stories...).""

There is a Hadith that is relevant upon mentioning this honorable Ayah, which praises the Qur'an and demonstrates that it is sufficient from needing all books besides it.

Imam Ahmad recorded a narration from Jabir bin Abdullah that;

Umar bin Al-Khattab came to the Prophet with a book that he took from some of the People of the Book. Umar began reading it to the Prophet who became angry. He said,

أَمُتَهَوِّكُونَ فِيهَا يَا ابۡنَ الۡخَطَّابِ

وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَدۡ جِيۡتُكُمۡ بِهَا بَيۡضَاءَ نَقِيَّةً لَاا تَسۡأَلُوهُمۡ عَنۡ شَيۡءٍ فَيُخۡبِرُوكُمۡ بِحَقَ فَتُكَذِّبُونَهُ أَوۡ بِبَاطِلٍ فَتُصَدِّقُونَهُ

وَالَّذِي نَفۡسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوۡ أَنَّ مُوسَى كَانَ حَيًّا مَا وَسِعَهُ إِلاَّ أَنۡ يَتَّبِعَنِي

Are you uncertain about it Ibn Al-Khattab?

By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! I have come to you with it white and pure. Do not ask them about anything, for they might tell you something true and you reject it, or they might tell you something false and you believe it.

By the One in Whose Hand is my soul! If Musa were living, he would have no choice but to follow me.

Imam Ahmad also recorded a narration from Abdullah bin Thabit who said,

""Umar came to Allah's Messenger and said; `O Messenger of Allah! I passed by a brother of mine from (the tribe of) Qurayzah, so he wrote some comprehensive statements from the Tawrah for me, should I read them to you?'

The face of Allah's Messenger changed (with anger). So I said to him, `Don't you see the face of Allah's Messenger?""

Umar said, `We are pleased with Allah as our Lord, Islam as our religion, and Muhammad as our Messenger.'

So the anger of the Prophet subsided, and he said,

وَالَّذِي نَفۡسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ لَوۡ أَصۡبَحَ فِيكُمۡ مُوسَى ثُمَّ اتَّبَعۡتُمُوهُ وَتَرَكۡتُمُونِي لَضَلَلۡتُمۡ إِنَّكُمۡ حَظِّي مِنَ الاۡاُمَمِ وَأَنَا حَظُّكُمۡ مِنَ النَّبِيِّين

By the One in Whose Hand is Muhammad's soul, if Musa appeared among you and you were to follow him, abandoning me, then you would have strayed. Indeed you are my share of the nations, and I am your share of the Prophets."

Related Q&A

Why muqotto'at verses exist in Quran?

Many scholars say that no one knows the meaning of Huruf Muqatta'at (Disjointed-Letters) except Allah. Then why they exist in the Qur'an which was sent down to the humankind?

ANSWER:

Firstly, to say that no one understands the meaning of these letters except Allah is not the consensus of all scholars. Indeed, some scholars beginning from some Shahabah (Companions) explained their meanings. Yasiin, for example, means "O human" according to Ibn 'Abbas. He also told that "Alif Lam Ra'" stands for "Ana Allah Araa" which means "I -Allah- see."

On the other hand, we should acknowledge that there are several Shahabah and scholars believe that only Allah who knows the meaning of these Huruf Muqatta'at. Abu Bakr said: "There is secret in every book. Then the secret of Allah in the Quran is these letters in the beginning of surahs." Ali ibn Abi Thalib and others also stated the same thing.

Ash-Sha'bi, a Tabi'i, was once asked about these letters. He then answered, "Every book have their secret. The secret of the Qur'an is the letters in the beginning of surahs. So, leave it and ask me other question beside it."

Yet even from this perspective, these Huruf Muqatta'at are not useless. They even show us many benefits, of them are:

- to examine our faith

- to show us that our knowledge is limited

- to show us that the Quran is in Arabic since it is arranged from these Arabic letters

- to attract listeners' attention due to their uniqueness

- to make a pledge

- to be names for some surahs

There are also interesting facts from this Huruf Muqotta'at. Of them is the total amount of these letters is 14 which is a half of 28 Arabic letters. They can be drawn up to be a sentence like this:

نص حكيم قاطع له سر

The wise, absolute text which has secret.

In short, some scholars exegete these letters while the others did not but still say that these letters have benefits and wisdoms.

Allah knows best.

See:

Ma'alim Al-Tanzil (II/249) & (VII/7)

Al-Kashshaf (I/20-28)

Yusuf: 1

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