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Ayah
Word by Word
بِأَنَّ
Because
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
أَوۡحَىٰ
inspired
لَهَا
[to] it
بِأَنَّ
Because
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
أَوۡحَىٰ
inspired
لَهَا
[to] it
Translation
Because your Lord has inspired [i.e., commanded] it.
Tafsir
for its Lord will have inspired it, that is, He will have commanded her to [do] this - in a hadeeth [it is stated], 'It [the earth] shall testify to every single deed committed by every servant and handmaiden upon its surface'.
Tafsir of Surah Az-Zalzalah
The Day of Judgement, what will take place during it, the Condition of the Earth and the Condition of the People
Ibn `Abbas said,
إِذَا زُلْزِلَتِ الاَْرْضُ زِلْزَالَهَا
When the earth quakes with its Zilzal.
This means that it will move from beneath it.
وَأَخْرَجَتِ الاْأَرْضُ أَثْقَالَهَا
And when the earth throws out its burdens.
meaning, it will throw forth that which is in it of the dead.
More than one of the Salaf have said this and it is similar to Allah's statement,
يأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّ زَلْزَلَةَ السَّاعَةِ شَىْءٌ عَظِيمٌ
O mankind! Have Taqwa of your Lord! Verily, the earthquake (Zalzalah) of the Hour is a terrible thing. (22:1)
This is also similar to His saying,
وَإِذَا الاٌّرْضُ مُدَّتْ
وَأَلْقَتْ مَا فِيهَا وَتَخَلَّتْ
And when the earth is stretched forth, and has cast out all that was in it and became empty. (84:3-4)
Muslim recorded in his Sahih from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said,
تُلْقِي الاَْرْضُ أَفْلَذَ كَبِدِهَا أَمْثَالَ الاُْسْطُوَانِ مِنَ الذَّهَبِ وَالْفِضَّةِ فَيَجِيءُ الْقَاتِلُ فَيَقُولُ فِي هَذَا قَتَلْتُ وَيَجِيءُ الْقَاطِعُ فَيَقُولُ فِي هَذَا قَطَعْتُ رَحِمِي وَيَجِيءُ السَّارِقُ فَيَقُولُ فِي هَذَا قُطِعَتْ يَدِي ثُمَّ يَدَعُونَهُ فَلَ يَأْخُذُونَ مِنْهُ شَيْيًا
The earth will throw out the pieces of its liver (its contents). Gold and silver will come out like columns.
- A murderer will come and say, `I killed for this.'
- The one who broke the ties of kinship will say, `For this I severed the ties of kinship.'
- The thief will say, `For this I got my hands amputated.'
Then they will leave it there and no one will take anything from it.
Then Allah says,
وَقَالَ الاِْنسَانُ مَا لَهَا
And man will say:What is the matter with it
meaning, he will be baffled by its situation after it used to be stable, settled and firm, and he used to be settled upon its surface.
This refers to the alteration of the state of things and the earth moving and shaking. There will come to it inescapable quaking that Allah prepared for it. Then it will throw out its dead people -- from the first to the last generations. At that time the people will be baffled by the events and the earth changing into other than the earth, and the heavens as well. Then they will be presented before Allah, the One, the Irresistible.
Concerning Allah's statement,
يَوْمَيِذٍ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا
That Day it will declare its information.
meaning, it will speak of what the people did upon its surface.
Imam Ahmad, At-Tirmidhi and Abu `Abdur-Rahman An-Nasa'i all recorded a Hadith from Abu Hurayrah -- and in the wording of An-Nasa'i's version it states -- that he said, The Messenger of Allah recited this Ayah,
يَوْمَيِذٍ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا
(That Day it will declare its information.) Then he said, Do you know what is its information?
They said, `Allah and His Messenger know best.'
He said,
فَإِنَّ أَخْبَارَهَا أَنْ تَشْهَدَ عَلَى كُلِّ عَبْدٍ وَأَمَةٍ بِمَا عَمِلَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهَا أَنْ تَقُولَ عَمِلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا يَوْمَ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَهَذِهِ أَخْبَارُهَا
Verily, its information is that it will testify against every male and female servant, about what they did upon its surface. It will say that he did such and such on such and such day.
So this is its information.
At-Tirmidhi said, This Hadith is Sahih Gharib.
Concerning Allah's statement,
بِأَنَّ رَبَّكَ أَوْحَى لَهَا
Because your Lord will inspire it.
It is apparent that the implied meaning here is that He will permit it (the earth).
Shabib bin Bishr narrated from `Ikrimah that Ibn `Abbas said,
يَوْمَيِذٍ تُحَدِّثُ أَخْبَارَهَا
(That Day it will declare its information). Its Lord will say to it, `Speak.' So it will speak.
Mujahid commented (on inspire it), He commands it (i.e., to speak).
Al-Qurazi said, He will command it to separate from them.
Then Allah says
يَوْمَيِذٍ يَصْدُرُ النَّاسُ أَشْتَاتًا
That Day mankind will proceed in scattered groups
أَشْتَاتًا(Ashtat),
meaning, they will return from the station of the Judgement in separate groups.
This means that they will be divided into types and categories:between those who are miserable and those who are happy, and those who are commanded to go to Paradise and those who are commanded to go to the Hellfire.
As-Suddi said,
أَشْتَاتًاAshtat means sects.
Allah said,
لِّيُرَوْا أَعْمَالَهُمْ
that they may be shown their deeds.
meaning, so that they may act and be rewarded for what they did in this life of good and evil.
The Recompense for Every Minute Deed Therefore
Allah goes on to say,
فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ
وَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَهُ
So whosoever does good equal to the weight of a speck of dust shall see it.
And whosoever does evil equal to the weight of speck of dust shall see it.
Al-Bukhari recorded from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah said,
الْخَيْلُ لِثَلَثَةٍ
لِرَجُلٍ أَجْرٌ وَلِرَجُلٍ سِتْرٌ وَعَلَى رَجُل وِزْرٌ
فَأَمَّا الَّذِي لَهُ أَجْرٌ فَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ فَأَطَالَ طِيَلَهَا فِي مَرْجٍ أَوْ رَوْضَةٍ فَمَا أَصَابَتْ فِي طِيَلِهَا ذَلِكَ فِي الْمَرْج وَالرَّوْضَةِ كَانَ لَهُ حَسَنَاتٍ
وَلَوْ أَنَّهَا قَطَعَتْ طِيَلَهَا فَاسْتَنَّتْ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ كَانَتْ اثَارُهَا وَأَرْوَاثُهَا حَسَنَاتٍ لَهُ
وَلَوْ أَنَّهَا مَرَّتْ بِنَهَرٍ فَشَرِبَتْ مِنْه وَلَمْ يُرِدْ أَنْ يَسْقِيَ بِهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ حَسَنَاتٍ لَهُ وَهِيَ لِذَلِكَ الرَّجُلِ أَجْرٌ
وَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَهَا تَغَنِّـيًا وَتَعَفُّفًا وَلَمْ يَنْسَ حَقَّ اللهِ فِي رِقَابِهَا وَلَا ظُهُورِهَا فَهِيَ لَهُ سِتْرٌ
وَرَجُلٌ رَبَطَها فَخْرًا وَرِيَاءً وَنِوَاءً فَهِيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ وِزْر
The horses are for three.
- For one man they are a reward,
- for another man they are a shield, and
- for another man they are a burden.
In reference to the man for whom they are a reward, he is the man who keeps them to be used in the way of Allah. Thus, they spend their entire life grazing in the pasture or garden (waiting in preparation for Jihad). So whatever afflicts them during that lengthy period in the pasture or garden, it will be counted as good deeds for him.
Then, if their lengthy period is ended and they are used for a noble battle or two, their hoof prints and their dung are counted as good deeds for him.
When they passed through a stream from which they did drink, though he (their owner) does not intend to quench their thirst, yet, it would be counted as good deeds, Therefore, they are a reward for that man.
A man who keeps them to maintain himself and to be independent of others (i.e., begging, etc.), and he does not forget the right of Allah upon their necks and their backs (i.e., their Zakah), then they are a shield for him (from the Hellfire).
A man who keeps them in order to boast, brag and show off, then they are a burden for him (on Judgement Day).
So the Messenger of Allah was then asked about the donkeys and he said,
مَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فِيهَا شَيْيًا إِلاَّ هَذِهِ الاْايَةَ الْفَاذَّةَ الْجَامِعَةَ
Allah has not revealed anything concerning them except this single, comprehensive Ayah:
فَمَن يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْراً يَرَهُ
وَمَن يَعْـمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرّاً يَرَهُ
So whosoever does good equal to the weight of a speck of dust shall see it. And whosoever does evil equal to the weight of speck of dust shall see it.
Muslim also recorded this Hadith.
In Sahih Al-Bukhari, it is recorded from `Adi that the Prophet said,
اتَّــقُوا النَّارَ وَلَوْ بِشِقِّ تَمْرَةٍ وَلَوْ بِكَلِمَةٍ طَيِّـبَة
Fear (ward off) the Fire, even if by giving half a date in charity, and even by saying a single word of good.
In the Sahih as well, he (`Adi) narrated (from the Prophet ):
لَاا تَحْقِرَنَّ مِنَ الْمَعْرُوفِ شَيْيًا وَلَوْ أَنْ تُفْرِغَ مِنْ دَلْوِكَ فِي إِنَاءِ الْمُسْتَسْقِي وَلَوْ أَنْ تَلْقَى أَخَاكَ وَوَجْهُكَ إِلَيْهِ مُنْـبَسِط
Do not under rate any good act, even if it is offering drinking water from your bucket to one who is seeking a drink, or meeting your brother with a cheerful face.
It is also recorded in the Sahih that the Prophet said,
يَا مَعْشَرَ نِسَاءِ الْمُوْمِنَاتِ لَاا تَحْقِرَنَّ جَارَةٌ لِجَارَتِهَا وَلَوْ فِرْسَنَ شَاة
O party of believing women! None of you should belittle a gift sent by your neighbor, even if it is a Firsan of a sheep.
The word Firsan in this Hadith means its hoof.
In another Hadith he said,
رُدُّوا السَّايِلَ وَلَوْ بِظِلْفٍ مُحْرَق
Give something to the beggar, even if it is a burnt hoof.
It has been reported from A'ishah that she gave a single grape in charity and then she said,
To how much dust is it equivalent
Imam Ahmad recorded from Awf bin Al-Harith bin At-Tufayl that A'ishah told him that the Prophet used to say,
يَاعَايِشَةُ إِيَّاكِ وَمُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ فَإِنَّ لَهَا مِنَ اللهِ طَالِبًا
O A'ishah! Beware of the sins that are belittled, for indeed they will be taken account of by Allah.
This Hadith was recorded by An-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah.
Imam Ahmad recorded from Abdullah bin Masud that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِيَّاكُمْ وَمُحَقَّرَاتِ الذُّنُوبِ فَإِنَّهُنَّ يَجْتَمِعْنَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ حَتْى يُهْلِكْنَه
Beware of the sins that are belittled. For verily, they are gathered in a man until they destroy him.
And indeed the Messenger of Allah made an example of them (sins that are taken lightly) by saying that they are like a people who settle in barren land. Then their leader comes and orders the men to go out one at a time and each bring back a stick until they have gathered a large number of sticks. Then they kindled a fire and burned everything that they threw into it.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Az-Zalzalah and all praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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