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Ayah
Word by Word
وَمِنَ
And among
ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ
the bedouins
مَن
(is he) who
يَتَّخِذُ
takes
مَا
what
يُنفِقُ
he spends
مَغۡرَمٗا
(as) a loss
وَيَتَرَبَّصُ
and he awaits
بِكُمُ
for you
ٱلدَّوَآئِرَۚ
the turns (of misfortune)
عَلَيۡهِمۡ
Upon them
دَآئِرَةُ
(will be) the turn
ٱلسَّوۡءِۗ
(of) the evil
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
سَمِيعٌ
(is) All-Hearer
عَلِيمٞ
All-Knower
وَمِنَ
And among
ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ
the bedouins
مَن
(is he) who
يَتَّخِذُ
takes
مَا
what
يُنفِقُ
he spends
مَغۡرَمٗا
(as) a loss
وَيَتَرَبَّصُ
and he awaits
بِكُمُ
for you
ٱلدَّوَآئِرَۚ
the turns (of misfortune)
عَلَيۡهِمۡ
Upon them
دَآئِرَةُ
(will be) the turn
ٱلسَّوۡءِۗ
(of) the evil
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
سَمِيعٌ
(is) All-Hearer
عَلِيمٞ
All-Knower
Translation
And among the bedouins are some who consider what they spend as a loss1 and await for you turns of misfortune. Upon them will be a misfortune of evil. And Allāh is Hearing and Knowing.
Footnotes
1 - i.e., a fine or penalty.
Tafsir
And of the Bedouins there is he who takes what he expends, in the way of God, as a penalty, as a liability and a [financial] loss, because he does not aspire to be rewarded for it, but expends it out of fear: these were Banoo Asad and [Banoo] Ghatafaan; and awaits for you [evil] turns of fortune, the fortunes of time, for you, that these should turn against you, and so be rid [of you]. Theirs shall be the evil (read as al-soo', or alﷺ') turn of fortune, that is, chastisement and destruction shall turn on them, not on you. And God is Hearer, of the sayings of His servants, Knower, of their actions.
"The Bedouins are the Worst in Disbelief and Hypocrisy
Allah says;
الَاعْرَابُ أَشَدُّ كُفْرًا وَنِفَاقًا وَأَجْدَرُ أَلاَّ يَعْلَمُواْ حُدُودَ مَا أَنزَلَ اللّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ
The Bedouins are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely to not know the limits which Allah has revealed to His Messenger.
Allah states that there are disbelievers, hypocrites and believers among the Bedouins. He also states that the disbelief and hypocrisy of the Bedouins is worse and deeper than the disbelief and hypocrisy of others. They are the most likely of being ignorant of the commandments that Allah has revealed to His Messenger.
Al-A`mash narrated that Ibrahim said,
""A Bedouin man sat next to Zayd bin ﷺhan while he was speaking to his friends. Zayd had lost his hand during the battle of Nahawand. The Bedouin man said, `By Allah! I like your speech. However, your hand causes me suspicion.'
Zayd said, `Why are you suspicious because of my hand, it is the left hand (that is cut).'
The Bedouin man said, `By Allah! I do not know which hand they cut off (for committing theft), is it the right or the left?'
Zayd bin ﷺhan said, `Allah has said the truth,
الَاعْرَابُ أَشَدُّ كُفْرًا وَنِفَاقًا وَأَجْدَرُ أَلاَّ يَعْلَمُواْ حُدُودَ مَا أَنزَلَ اللّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ
The Bedouins are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and more likely to not know the limits which Allah has revealed to His Messenger.""
Imam Ahmad narrated that Ibn Abbas said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَنْ سَكَنَ الْبَادِيَةَ جَفَا
وَمَنِ اتَّبَعَ الصَّيْدَ غَفَلَ
وَمَنْ أَتَى السُّلْطَانَ افْتُتِن
He who lives in the desert becomes hard-hearted,
he who follows the game becomes heedless, and
he who associates with the rulers falls into Fitnah.
Abu Dawud, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasa'i collected this Hadith.
At-Tirmidhi said, ""Hasan Gharib.""
The Prophet once had to give a Bedouin man many gifts because of what he gave him as a gift, until the Bedouin became satisfied. The Prophet said,
لَقَدْ هَمَمْتُ أَنْ لَا أَقْبَلَ هَدِيَّةً إِلاَّ مِنْ قُرَشِيَ أَوْ ثَقَفِيَ أَوْ أَنْصَارِيَ أَوْ دَوْسِي
I almost decided not to accept a gift except from someone from Quraysh, Thaqafi, the Ansar or Daws.
This is because these people lived in cities, Makkah, At-Ta'if, Al-Madinah and Yemen, and therefore, their conduct and manners are nicer than that of the hard-hearted Bedouins.
Allah said next,
وَاللّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
And Allah is All-Knower, All-Wise.
Allah knows those who deserve to be taught faith and knowledge, He wisely distributes knowledge or ignorance, faith or disbelief and hypocrisy between His servants. He is never questioned as to what He does, for He is the All-Knower, All-Wise.
Allah also said that
وَمِنَ الَاعْرَابِ مَن يَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنفِقُ
And of the Bedouins there are some who look upon what they spend,
in Allah's cause),
مَغْرَمًا
as a fine,
as a loss and a burden,
وَيَتَرَبَّصُ بِكُمُ الدَّوَايِرَ
and watch for calamities for you,
awaiting afflictions and disasters to strike you,
عَلَيْهِمْ دَايِرَةُ السَّوْءِ
on them be the calamity of evil,
evil will touch them instead,
وَاللّهُ سَمِيعٌ عَلِيمٌ
And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.
Allah hears the invocation of His servants and knows who deserves victory, who deserve failure.
Allah's said
وَمِنَ الَاعْرَابِ مَن يُوْمِنُ بِاللّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الاخِرِ وَيَتَّخِذُ مَا يُنفِقُ قُرُبَاتٍ عِندَ اللّهِ وَصَلَوَاتِ الرَّسُولِ
And of the Bedouins there are some who believe in Allah and the Last Day, and look upon what they spend (in Allah's cause) as means of nearness to Allah, and a cause of receiving the Messenger's invocations.
This is the type of praiseworthy Bedouins. They give charity in Allah's cause as way of achieving nearness to Allah and seeking the Messenger's invocation for their benefit,
أَلا إِنَّهَا قُرْبَةٌ لَّهُمْ
Indeed these are a means of nearness for them.
they will attain what they sought,
سَيُدْخِلُهُمُ اللّهُ فِي رَحْمَتِهِ إِنَّ اللّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Allah will admit them to His mercy. Certainly Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful."
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