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Ayah

Word by Word
عَفَا
(May) Allah forgive
ٱللَّهُ
(May) Allah forgive
عَنكَ
you
لِمَ
Why (did)
أَذِنتَ
you grant leave
لَهُمۡ
to them
حَتَّىٰ
until
يَتَبَيَّنَ
(became) evident
لَكَ
to you
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
صَدَقُواْ
were truthful
وَتَعۡلَمَ
and you knew
ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ
the liars
عَفَا
(May) Allah forgive
ٱللَّهُ
(May) Allah forgive
عَنكَ
you
لِمَ
Why (did)
أَذِنتَ
you grant leave
لَهُمۡ
to them
حَتَّىٰ
until
يَتَبَيَّنَ
(became) evident
لَكَ
to you
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
صَدَقُواْ
were truthful
وَتَعۡلَمَ
and you knew
ٱلۡكَٰذِبِينَ
the liars

Translation

Allāh has pardoned you, [O Muḥammad, but] why did you give them permission [to remain behind]? [You should not have] until it was evident to you who were truthful and you knew [who were] the liars.

Tafsir

The Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, exercising his personal judgement, had given leave to a group to stay behind, and so the following was revealed as a reprimand for him, but with the pardon first, in order to reassure his heart: May God pardon you! Why do you give them leave, to stay behind; why did you not leave them, until it was clear to you which of them spoke the truth, in their excuse, and you knew those who were lying, in it?

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