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Ayah

Word by Word
لَوۡ
If
كَانَ
it had been
عَرَضٗا
a gain
قَرِيبٗا
near
وَسَفَرٗا
and a journey
قَاصِدٗا
easy
لَّٱتَّبَعُوكَ
surely they (would) have followed you
وَلَٰكِنۢ
but
بَعُدَتۡ
was long
عَلَيۡهِمُ
for them
ٱلشُّقَّةُۚ
the distance
وَسَيَحۡلِفُونَ
And they will swear
بِٱللَّهِ
by Allah
لَوِ
If
ٱسۡتَطَعۡنَا
we were able
لَخَرَجۡنَا
certainly we (would) have come forth
مَعَكُمۡ
with you
يُهۡلِكُونَ
They destroy
أَنفُسَهُمۡ
their own selves
وَٱللَّهُ
and Allah
يَعۡلَمُ
knows
إِنَّهُمۡ
(that) indeed they
لَكَٰذِبُونَ
(are) surely liars
لَوۡ
If
كَانَ
it had been
عَرَضٗا
a gain
قَرِيبٗا
near
وَسَفَرٗا
and a journey
قَاصِدٗا
easy
لَّٱتَّبَعُوكَ
surely they (would) have followed you
وَلَٰكِنۢ
but
بَعُدَتۡ
was long
عَلَيۡهِمُ
for them
ٱلشُّقَّةُۚ
the distance
وَسَيَحۡلِفُونَ
And they will swear
بِٱللَّهِ
by Allah
لَوِ
If
ٱسۡتَطَعۡنَا
we were able
لَخَرَجۡنَا
certainly we (would) have come forth
مَعَكُمۡ
with you
يُهۡلِكُونَ
They destroy
أَنفُسَهُمۡ
their own selves
وَٱللَّهُ
and Allah
يَعۡلَمُ
knows
إِنَّهُمۡ
(that) indeed they
لَكَٰذِبُونَ
(are) surely liars

Translation

Had it been a near [i.e., easy] gain and a moderate trip, they [i.e., the hypocrites] would have followed you, but distant to them was the journey. And they will swear by Allāh,1 "If we were able, we would have gone forth with you," destroying themselves [through false oaths], and Allāh knows that indeed they are liars.
Footnotes
1 - When you return from the Tabūk expedition.

Tafsir

The following was revealed regarding the hypocrites who stayed behind [away from the campaign]: Had it - that to which you summon them - been a near, easily acquired, gain, a transient pleasure of this world, and an easy journey, of moderate [length], they would have followed you, seeking spoils; but the distance, the hardship, was too great for them, and so they stayed behind. Still they will swear by God, when you return to them: [saying]: 'Had we been able, to go forth, we would have gone forth with you,' destroying their souls, by swearing false oaths, and God knows that they truly are liars, in this saying of theirs.

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