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Ayah
Word by Word
وَجَآءَ
And came
ٱلۡمُعَذِّرُونَ
the ones who make excuses
مِنَ
of
ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ
the bedouins
لِيُؤۡذَنَ
that permission be granted
لَهُمۡ
to them
وَقَعَدَ
and sat
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَذَبُواْ
lied
ٱللَّهَ
(to) Allah
وَرَسُولَهُۥۚ
and His Messenger
سَيُصِيبُ
Will strike
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
مِنۡهُمۡ
among them
عَذَابٌ
a punishment
أَلِيمٞ
painful
وَجَآءَ
And came
ٱلۡمُعَذِّرُونَ
the ones who make excuses
مِنَ
of
ٱلۡأَعۡرَابِ
the bedouins
لِيُؤۡذَنَ
that permission be granted
لَهُمۡ
to them
وَقَعَدَ
and sat
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَذَبُواْ
lied
ٱللَّهَ
(to) Allah
وَرَسُولَهُۥۚ
and His Messenger
سَيُصِيبُ
Will strike
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
مِنۡهُمۡ
among them
عَذَابٌ
a punishment
أَلِيمٞ
painful
Translation
And those with excuses among the bedouins came to be permitted [to remain], and they who had lied1 to Allāh and His Messenger sat [at home]. There will strike those who disbelieved among them a painful punishment.
Footnotes
1 - i.e., claimed faith.
Tafsir
And those Bedouins who had an excuse (al-mu'adhdhiroon: the original taa' has been assimilated with the daal, in other words [it would usually be read as] al-mu'tadhiroon, which [itself] is a variant reading), those [of them who were] excused, [came] to the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, asking for leave, to stay behind on account of their excuses, and so he gave them leave to do so. And those who lied to God and His Messenger, by feigning belief, [those] hypocrites among the Bedouin, stayed behind, [refraining] from coming to give [their] excuses - a painful chastisement shall befall those of them who disbelieve.
"Admonishing Those Who did not join the Jihad
Allah says;
وَإِذَا أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ أَنْ امِنُواْ بِاللّهِ وَجَاهِدُواْ مَعَ رَسُولِهِ اسْتَأْذَنَكَ أُوْلُواْ الطَّوْلِ مِنْهُمْ وَقَالُواْ
And when a Surah is revealed, enjoining them to believe in Allah and to strive hard and fight along with His Messenger, the wealthy among them ask your leave to exempt them and say,
Allah chastises and admonishes those who stayed away from Jihad and refrained from performing it, even though they had the supplies, means and ability to join it. They asked the Messenger for permission to stay behind, saying,
ذَرْنَا نَكُن
مَّعَ الْقَاعِدِينَ
""Leave us (behind), we would be with those who sit (at home).""
thus accepting for themselves the shame of lagging behind with women, after the army had left. If war starts, such people are the most cowardice, but when it is safe, they are the most boastful among men.
Allah described them in another Ayah,
فَإِذَا جَأءَ الْخَوْفُ رَأَيْتَهُمْ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ تَدورُ أَعْيُنُهُمْ كَالَّذِى يُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَإِذَا ذَهَبَ الْخَوْفُ سَلَقُوكُم بِأَلْسِنَةٍ حِدَادٍ
Then when fear comes, you will see them looking to you, their eyes revolving like (those of) one over whom hovers death; but when the fear departs, they will smite you with sharp tongues. (33:19)
their tongues direct their harsh words against you, when it is safe to do so. In battle, however, they are the most cowardice among men.
Allah said in other Ayah,
وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ لَوْلَا نُزِّلَتْ سُورَةٌ فَإِذَا أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ مُّحْكَمَةٌ وَذُكِرَ فِيهَا الْقِتَالُ رَأَيْتَ الَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ مَّرَضٌ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ نَظَرَ الْمَغْشِىِّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَوْتِ فَأَوْلَى لَهُمْ
طَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ مَّعْرُوفٌ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الاٌّمْرُ فَلَوْ صَدَقُواْ اللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ
Those who believe say:""Why is not a Surah sent down (for us)! But when a decisive Surah (explaining and ordering things) is sent down, and fighting is mentioned therein, you will see those in whose hearts is a disease looking at you with a look of one fainting to death. But it was better for them. Obedience (to Allah) and good words (were better for them). And when the matter is resolved on, then if they had been true to Allah, it would have been better for them. (47:20-21)
Allah said next
رَضُواْ بِأَن يَكُونُواْ مَعَ الْخَوَالِفِ
They are content to be with those who sit behind.
وَطُبِعَ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ
Their hearts are sealed up,
because of their staying away from Jihad and from accompanying the Messenger in Allah's cause,
فَهُمْ لَا يَفْقَهُونَ
so they understand not.
they neither understand what benefits them so that they perform it nor what hurts them so that they avoid it
After Allah mentioned the sins of the hypocrites, He praised the faithful believers and described their reward in the Hereafter,
لَـكِنِ الرَّسُولُ وَالَّذِينَ امَنُواْ مَعَهُ جَاهَدُواْ بِأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ وَأُوْلَـيِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ وَأُوْلَـيِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ
أَعَدَّ اللّهُ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الَانْهَارُ خَالِدِينَ فِيهَا ذَلِكَ الْفَوْزُ الْعَظِيمُ
But the Messenger and those who believed with him strove hard and fought with their wealth and their lives. Such are they for whom are the good things, and it is they who will be successful.For them Allah has prepared Gardens (Paradise) under which rivers flow, to dwell therein forever. That is the supreme success.
This describes the qualities, as well as, the reward of faithful believers.
Allah said,
وَأُوْلَـيِكَ لَهُمُ الْخَيْرَاتُ
(Such are they for whom are the good things),
in the Hereafter, in the gardens of Al-Firdaws and the high grades
Allah says;
وَجَاء الْمُعَذِّرُونَ مِنَ الَاعْرَابِ لِيُوْذَنَ لَهُمْ
And those who made excuses from the Bedouins came asking your permission to exempt them (from the battle),
Allah describes here the condition of the Bedouins who lived around Al-Madinah, who asked for permission to remain behind from Jihad when they came to the Messenger to explain to him their weakness and inability to join the fighting.
Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn Abbas said that;
they were those who had valid excuses, for Allah said next,
وَقَعَدَ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُواْ اللّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ
and those who had lied to Allah and His Messenger sat at home,
and did not ask for permission for it;
and Allah warned them of painful punishment,
سَيُصِيبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنْهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
a painful torment will seize those of them who disbelieve."
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