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Ayah
Word by Word
فَإِن
Then if
رَّجَعَكَ
Allah returns you
ٱللَّهُ
Allah returns you
إِلَىٰ
to
طَآئِفَةٖ
a group
مِّنۡهُمۡ
of them
فَٱسۡتَـٔۡذَنُوكَ
and they ask you permission
لِلۡخُرُوجِ
to go out
فَقُل
then say
لَّن
Never
تَخۡرُجُواْ
will you come out
مَعِيَ
with me
أَبَدٗا
ever
وَلَن
and never
تُقَٰتِلُواْ
will you fight
مَعِيَ
with me
عَدُوًّاۖ
any enemy
إِنَّكُمۡ
Indeed, you
رَضِيتُم
were satisfied
بِٱلۡقُعُودِ
with sitting
أَوَّلَ
(the) first
مَرَّةٖ
time
فَٱقۡعُدُواْ
so sit
مَعَ
with
ٱلۡخَٰلِفِينَ
those who stay behind
فَإِن
Then if
رَّجَعَكَ
Allah returns you
ٱللَّهُ
Allah returns you
إِلَىٰ
to
طَآئِفَةٖ
a group
مِّنۡهُمۡ
of them
فَٱسۡتَـٔۡذَنُوكَ
and they ask you permission
لِلۡخُرُوجِ
to go out
فَقُل
then say
لَّن
Never
تَخۡرُجُواْ
will you come out
مَعِيَ
with me
أَبَدٗا
ever
وَلَن
and never
تُقَٰتِلُواْ
will you fight
مَعِيَ
with me
عَدُوًّاۖ
any enemy
إِنَّكُمۡ
Indeed, you
رَضِيتُم
were satisfied
بِٱلۡقُعُودِ
with sitting
أَوَّلَ
(the) first
مَرَّةٖ
time
فَٱقۡعُدُواْ
so sit
مَعَ
with
ٱلۡخَٰلِفِينَ
those who stay behind
Translation
If Allāh should return you to a faction of them [after the expedition] and then they ask your permission to go out [to battle], say, "You will not go out with me, ever, and you will never fight with me an enemy. Indeed, you were satisfied with sitting [at home] the first time, so sit [now] with those who stay behind."
Tafsir
So if God brings you back, from Tabook, to a party of them, of those hypocrites who stayed behind in Medina, and they ask leave of you to go forth, with you on some other campaign, say, to them: 'You shall never more go forth with me, and you shall never fight with me against an enemy. You were content to stay behind the first time, so stay behind with those who stay behind', away from [military] campaigns, such as women and children and others.
"Hypocrites are barred from participating in Jihad
Allah commands His Messenger, peace be upon him,
فَإِن رَّجَعَكَ اللّهُ
If Allah brings you back,
from this battle,
إِلَى طَأيِفَةٍ مِّنْهُمْ
to a party of them,
in reference to the twelve (hypocrite) men, according to Qatadah,
فَاسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِلْخُرُوجِ
and they ask your permission to go out,
with you to another battle,
فَقُل لَّن تَخْرُجُواْ مَعِيَ أَبَدًا وَلَن تُقَاتِلُواْ مَعِيَ عَدُوًّا
say:""Never shall you go out with me nor fight an enemy with me...""
as an admonishment and punishment for them.
Allah mentioned the reason for this decision,
إِنَّكُمْ رَضِيتُم بِالْقُعُودِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
""You were pleased to sit (inactive) on the first occasion...""
Allah said in a similar Ayah,
وَنُقَلِّبُ أَفْيِدَتَهُمْ وَأَبْصَـرَهُمْ كَمَا لَمْ يُوْمِنُواْ بِهِ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
And We shall turn their hearts and their eyes away (from guidance), as they refused to believe therein for the first time. (6:110)
The recompense of an evil deed includes being directed to follow it with another evil deed, while the reward of a good deed includes being directed to another good deed after it. For instance, Allah said concerning the Umrah of Hudaybiyyah,
سَيَقُولُ الْمُخَلَّفُونَ إِذَا انطَلَقْتُمْ إِلَى مَغَانِمَ لِتَأْخُذُوهَا
Those who lagged behind will say, when you set forth to take the spoils. (48:15)
Allah said next,
فَاقْعُدُواْ مَعَ الْخَالِفِينَ
""...then you sit (now) with those who lag behind.""
in reference to the men who lagged behind from (Tabuk) battle, according to Ibn Abbas."
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