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Ayah
Word by Word
أَلَمۡ
Has not
يَأۡتِهِمۡ
come to them
نَبَأُ
(the) news
ٱلَّذِينَ
(of) those who
مِن
(were) before them
قَبۡلِهِمۡ
(were) before them
قَوۡمِ
(the) people
نُوحٖ
(of) Nuh
وَعَادٖ
and Aad
وَثَمُودَ
and Thamud
وَقَوۡمِ
and (the) people
إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ
(of) Ibrahim
وَأَصۡحَٰبِ
and (the) companions
مَدۡيَنَ
(of) Madyan
وَٱلۡمُؤۡتَفِكَٰتِۚ
and the towns overturned
أَتَتۡهُمۡ
Came to them
رُسُلُهُم
their Messengers
بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِۖ
with clear proofs
فَمَا
And not
كَانَ
was
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لِيَظۡلِمَهُمۡ
to wrong them
وَلَٰكِن
but
كَانُوٓاْ
they were to
أَنفُسَهُمۡ
themselves
يَظۡلِمُونَ
doing wrong
أَلَمۡ
Has not
يَأۡتِهِمۡ
come to them
نَبَأُ
(the) news
ٱلَّذِينَ
(of) those who
مِن
(were) before them
قَبۡلِهِمۡ
(were) before them
قَوۡمِ
(the) people
نُوحٖ
(of) Nuh
وَعَادٖ
and Aad
وَثَمُودَ
and Thamud
وَقَوۡمِ
and (the) people
إِبۡرَٰهِيمَ
(of) Ibrahim
وَأَصۡحَٰبِ
and (the) companions
مَدۡيَنَ
(of) Madyan
وَٱلۡمُؤۡتَفِكَٰتِۚ
and the towns overturned
أَتَتۡهُمۡ
Came to them
رُسُلُهُم
their Messengers
بِٱلۡبَيِّنَٰتِۖ
with clear proofs
فَمَا
And not
كَانَ
was
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
لِيَظۡلِمَهُمۡ
to wrong them
وَلَٰكِن
but
كَانُوٓاْ
they were to
أَنفُسَهُمۡ
themselves
يَظۡلِمُونَ
doing wrong
Translation
Has there not reached them the news of those before them - the people of Noah and [the tribes of] ʿAad and Thamūd and the people of Abraham and the companions [i.e., dwellers] of Madyan and the towns overturned?1 Their messengers came to them with clear proofs. And Allāh would never have wronged them, but they were wronging themselves.
Footnotes
1 - i.e., those to which Lot was sent and which earned for themselves Allāh's punishment. See 11:82-83.
Tafsir
Has not the tidings, the tale, of those before them reached them - the folk of Noah, and 'aad, the folk of Hood, and Thamood, the folk of Saalih, and the folk of Abraham, and the dwellers of Midian, the folk of Shu'ayb, and the Deviant [cities]?, the cities of the folk of Lot, meaning, its inhabitants. Their messengers brought them clear proofs, with miracles, but they denied them, and so were destroyed. God would never have wronged them, by punishing them for no sin [on their part], but they wronged themselves, by committing sin.
Advising the Hypocrites to learn a Lesson from Those before Them
Allah advises the hypocrites who reject the Messengers,
أَلَمْ يَأْتِهِمْ نَبَأُ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِهِمْ
Has not the story reached them of those before them!
have you (hypocrites) not learned the end of the nations before you who rejected the Messengers,
قَوْمِ نُوحٍ
The people of Nuh,
and the flood that drowned the entire population of the earth, except those who believed in Allah's servant and Messenger Nuh, peace be upon him,
وَعَادٍ
and `Ad,
who perished with the barren wind when they rejected Hud, peace be upon him,
وَثَمُودَ
and Thamud,
who were overtaken by the Sayhah (awful cry) when they denied Salih, peace be upon him, and killed the camel,
وَقَوْمِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ
and the people of Ibrahim,
over whom He gave Ibrahim victory and the aid of clear miracles. Allah destroyed their king Nimrod, son of Canaan, son of Koch from Canaan, may Allah curse him,
وِأَصْحَابِ مَدْيَنَ
and the dwellers of Madyan,
the people of Shu`ayb, peace be upon him, who were destroyed by the earthquake and the torment of the day of the Shade,
وَالْمُوْتَفِكَاتِ
and the overturned cities,
the people of Lut who used to live in Madyan.
Allah said in another Ayah,
وَالْمُوْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَى
And He destroyed the overturned cities. (53:53),
meaning the people of the overturned cities in reference to Sadum (Sodom), their major city. Allah destroyed them all because they rejected Allah's Prophet Lut, peace be upon him, and because they committed the sin that none before them had committed (homosexuality).
أَتَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُم بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ
to them came their Messengers with clear proofs.
and unequivocal evidence,
فَمَا كَانَ اللّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ
So it was not Allah Who wronged them,
when He destroyed them, for He established the proofs against them by sending the Messengers and dissipating the doubts,
وَلَـكِن كَانُواْ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ
but they used to wrong themselves.
on account of their denying the Messengers and defying the Truth; this is why they earned the end, torment and punishment, that they did.
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