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Ayah
Word by Word
وَمِنۡهُم
And among them
مَّن
(is he) who
يَقُولُ
says
ٱئۡذَن
Grant me leave
لِّي
Grant me leave
وَلَا
and (do) not
تَفۡتِنِّيٓۚ
put me to trial
أَلَا
Surely
فِي
in
ٱلۡفِتۡنَةِ
the trial
سَقَطُواْۗ
they have fallen
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
جَهَنَّمَ
Hell
لَمُحِيطَةُۢ
(will) surely surround
بِٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
the disbelievers
وَمِنۡهُم
And among them
مَّن
(is he) who
يَقُولُ
says
ٱئۡذَن
Grant me leave
لِّي
Grant me leave
وَلَا
and (do) not
تَفۡتِنِّيٓۚ
put me to trial
أَلَا
Surely
فِي
in
ٱلۡفِتۡنَةِ
the trial
سَقَطُواْۗ
they have fallen
وَإِنَّ
And indeed
جَهَنَّمَ
Hell
لَمُحِيطَةُۢ
(will) surely surround
بِٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
the disbelievers
Translation
Among them is (many) a man who says: "Grant me exemption and draw me not into trial." Have they not fallen into trial already? and indeed Hell surrounds the Unbelievers (on all sides).
Tafsir
And there are some of them who say, 'Grant me leave, to stay behind, and do not lead me into temptation': this was al-Jadd ibn Qays, to whom the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him said, 'Will you do battle against the Byzantines?', and to which he replied, 'I am infatuated with women, and I fear that if I were to see these Byzantine women, I shall not be able to stay away from them and be led into temptation'. God, exalted be He, says: Surely they have [already] fallen into temptation!, by staying behind (a variant reading [for saqatoo, 'they have fallen'] has [the singular form] saqat, 'he has fallen'). And surely Hell shall encompass the disbelievers, for whom there shall be no escape therefrom.
"Allah encourages His Prophet against hypocrites
Allah says;
لَقَدِ ابۡتَغَوُاۡ الۡفِتۡنَةَ مِن قَبۡلُ وَقَلَّبُواۡ لَكَ الاُمُورَ
Verily, they had plotted sedition before, and had upset matters for you,
`For a long time,'
Allah says, hypocrites thought and plotted against you and your Companions, as well as, failing and attempting to extinguish your religion.'
This occurred soon after the Prophet migrated to Al-Madinah, when pagan Arabs joined force and the Jews and hypocrites of Al-Madinah waged war against the Messenger. When Allah gave victory to the Prophet in Badr and raised high his word,
Abdullah bin Ubayy and his fellows said,
""This (Islam) is a matter that has prevailed.""
They embraced Islam outwardly, and whenever Allah elevated Islam and its people in might, hypocrites increased in rage and disappointment,
حَتَّى جَاء الۡحَقُّ وَظَهَرَ أَمۡرُ اللّهِ وَهُمۡ كَارِهُونَ
until the truth (victory) came and the decree of Allah became manifest though they hated it
""Allah tells,
وَمِنۡهُم مَّن يَقُولُ
And among them is he who says:
Allah says, some hypocrites say to you, O Muhammad,
ايۡذَن لِّي
Grant me leave, (to stay behind),
وَلَا تَفۡتِنِّي
and put me not into trial,
if I go with you and see the women of the Romans.
Allah, the Exalted, replied,
أَلَا فِي الۡفِتۡنَةِ سَقَطُواۡ
Surely, they have fallen into trial,
because of the statement they uttered.
Muhammad bin Ishaq reported from Az-Zuhri, Yazid bin Ruwman, Abdullah bin Abi Bakr, Asim bin Qatadah and several others that they said,
""The Messenger of Allah said to Al-Jadd bin Qays from Bani Salimah,
هَلۡ لَكَ يَا جَدُّ الۡعَامَ فِي جَلَدِ بَنِي الاَۡصۡفَرِ
`Would you like to fight the yellow ones (Romans) this year?
He said, `O Allah's Messenger! Give me permission (to remain behind) and do not cause Fitnah for me. By Allah! My people know that there is not a man who is more fond of women than I. I fear that if I see the women of the yellow ones, I would not be patient.'
The Messenger of Allah turned away from him and said,
قَدۡ أَذِنۡتُ لَك
I give you permission.
In Al-Jadd's case, this Ayah was revealed,
وَمِنۡهُم مَّن يَقُولُ ايۡذَن لِّي
وَلَا تَفۡتِنِّي
(And among them is he who says:""Grant me leave and put me not into trial).""
Therefore, Allah says that the Fitnah that he fell into because of not joining the Messenger of Allah (in Jihad) and preferring his safety to the safety of the Messenger is worse than the Fitnah that he falsely claimed to fear.""
It was reported from Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and several others that;
this Ayah was revealed in the case of Al-Jadd bin Qays, who was among the chiefs of Bani Salimah.
It is also recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah asked,
مَنۡ سَيِّدُكُمۡ يَا بَنِي سَلَمَةَ
Who is your chief, O Bani Salamah?
They said, ""Al-Jadd bin Qays, although we consider him a miser.""
The Messenger of Allah said,
وَأَيُّ دَاءٍ أَدۡوَأُ مِنَ الۡبُخۡلِ وَلَكِنۡ سَيِّدُكُمۡ الۡفَتَى الۡجَعۡدُ الاۡأَبۡيَضُ بِشۡرُ بۡنُ الۡبَرَاءِ بۡنِ مَعۡرُور
There is not a disease worse than stinginess! Therefore, your chief is the white young man with curly hair, Bishr bin Al-Bara' bin Ma'rur.
Allah said next,
وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالۡكَافِرِينَ
And verily, Hell is surrounding the disbelievers.
and they will never be able to avoid, avert, or escape from it"""
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