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Ayah
Word by Word
وَلَوۡ
And if
أَرَادُواْ
they had wished
ٱلۡخُرُوجَ
(to) go forth
لَأَعَدُّواْ
surely they (would) have prepared
لَهُۥ
for it
عُدَّةٗ
(some) preparation
وَلَٰكِن
But
كَرِهَ
Allah disliked
ٱللَّهُ
Allah disliked
ٱنۢبِعَاثَهُمۡ
their being sent
فَثَبَّطَهُمۡ
so He made them lag behind
وَقِيلَ
and it was said
ٱقۡعُدُواْ
Sit
مَعَ
with
ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ
those who sit
وَلَوۡ
And if
أَرَادُواْ
they had wished
ٱلۡخُرُوجَ
(to) go forth
لَأَعَدُّواْ
surely they (would) have prepared
لَهُۥ
for it
عُدَّةٗ
(some) preparation
وَلَٰكِن
But
كَرِهَ
Allah disliked
ٱللَّهُ
Allah disliked
ٱنۢبِعَاثَهُمۡ
their being sent
فَثَبَّطَهُمۡ
so He made them lag behind
وَقِيلَ
and it was said
ٱقۡعُدُواْ
Sit
مَعَ
with
ٱلۡقَٰعِدِينَ
those who sit
Translation
If they had intended to come out, they would certainly have made some preparation therefor; but Allah was averse to their being sent forth; so He made them lag behind, and they were told, "Sit ye among those who sit (inactive)."
Tafsir
If they had desired to go forth, with you, they would have made some preparation for it, some equipment, such as tools and provisions, but God was averse that they should be sent forth, that is, He did not want them to go forth, so He slowed them down, He made them [feel] lethargic, and it was said, to them: 'Stay back with those who stay back!', [with] the sick, the women and the children: in other words, God decreed this.
"Exposing Hypocrites
Allah said,
وَلَوۡ أَرَادُواۡ الۡخُرُوجَ
And if they had intended to march out,
with you to participate in Jihad,
لاأَعَدُّواۡ لَهُ عُدَّةً
certainly, they would have made some preparation for it,
they would have prepared for such task,
وَلَـكِن كَرِهَ اللّهُ انبِعَاثَهُمۡ
but Allah was averse to their being sent forth,
Allah hated that they should go with you,
فَثَبَّطَهُمۡ
so He made them lag behind, and stay away (from Jihad),
وَقِيلَ اقۡعُدُواۡ مَعَ الۡقَاعِدِينَ
and it was said (to them):""Sit you among those who sit (at home).""
as a part of what was decreed for them (not that He legislated that they stay behind).
Allah then explained why He disliked that they march with the believers, saying
لَوۡ خَرَجُواۡ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمۡ إِلاَّ خَبَالاً
Had they marched out with you, they would have added to you nothing except disorder,
because they are cowards and failures,
ولَاوۡضَعُواۡ خِلَلَكُمۡ يَبۡغُونَكُمُ الۡفِتۡنَةَ
and they would have hurried about in your midst sowing sedition among you,
They would have rushed to spread false stories, hatred and discord among you,
وَفِيكُمۡ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمۡ
and there are some among you who would have listened to them.
who would have obeyed them, given preference to their speech and words and asked them for advice, unaware of the true reality of these hypocrites. This might have caused corruption and great evil between the believers.
Muhammad bin Ishaq said,
""Those who sought permission (from the Messenger to lag behind) included some of the chiefs, such as Abdullah bin Ubayy bin Salul and Al-Jadd bin Qays, who were masters of their people. Allah also made them lag behind because He knew that if they went along with the Messenger they would sow sedition in his army.""
There were some in the Prophet's army who liked these chiefs and were ready to obey them, because they considered them honorable,
وَفِيكُمۡ سَمَّاعُونَ لَهُمۡ
(and there are some among you who would have listened to them).
Allah next reminds of His perfect knowledge, saying,
وَاللّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ
And Allah is the All-Knower of the wrongdoers.
Allah says that He knows what occurred, what will occur and if anything would have occurred, how it would occur, such as,
لَوۡ خَرَجُواۡ فِيكُم مَّا زَادُوكُمۡ إِلاَّ خَبَالاً
(Had they marched out with you, they would have added to you nothing except disorder), indicating what they would have done had they marched, even though they did not.
Allah said in similar Ayat,
وَلَوۡ رُدُّواۡ لَعَـدُواۡ لِمَا نُهُواۡ عَنۡهُ وَإِنَّهُمۡ لَكَـذِبُونَ
But if they were returned (to the world), they would certainly revert to that which they were forbidden. And indeed they are liars. (6:28)
وَلَوۡ عَلِمَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمۡ خَيۡرًا لَاسۡمَعَهُمۡ وَلَوۡ أَسۡمَعَهُمۡ لَتَوَلَّواۡ وَّهُم مُّعۡرِضُونَ
Had Allah known of any good in them, He would indeed have made them listen; and even if He had made them listen, they would but have turned away with aversion (to the truth). (8:23)
and,
وَلَوۡ أَنَّا كَتَبۡنَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ أَنِ اقۡتُلُواۡ أَنفُسَكُمۡ أَوِ اخۡرُجُواۡ مِن دِيَـرِكُمۡ مَّا فَعَلُوهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ مِّنۡهُمۡ وَلَوۡ أَنَّهُمۡ فَعَلُواۡ مَا يُوعَظُونَ بِهِ لَكَانَ خَيۡراً لَّهُمۡ وَأَشَدَّ تَثۡبِيتاً
وَإِذاً لاّتَيۡنَـهُمۡ مِّن لَّدُنَّـا أَجۡراً عَظِيماً
وَلَهَدَيۡنَـهُمۡ صِرَطاً مُّسۡتَقِيماً
And if We had ordered them (saying), ""Kill yourselves (the innocent ones kill the guilty ones) or leave your homes,"" very few of them would have done it; but if they had done what they were told, it would have been better for them, and would have strengthened their conviction.
And indeed We would then have bestowed upon them a great reward from Ourselves.
And indeed We would have guided them to the straight way. (4:66-68)"
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