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Ayah
Word by Word
إِلَّا
Except
ٱلَّذِينَ
those (with) whom
عَٰهَدتُّم
you have a treaty
مِّنَ
among
ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ
the polytheists
ثُمَّ
then
لَمۡ
not
يَنقُصُوكُمۡ
they have failed you
شَيۡـٔٗا
(in any) thing
وَلَمۡ
and not
يُظَٰهِرُواْ
they have supported
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
against you
أَحَدٗا
anyone
فَأَتِمُّوٓاْ
so fulfil
إِلَيۡهِمۡ
to them
عَهۡدَهُمۡ
their treaty
إِلَىٰ
till
مُدَّتِهِمۡۚ
their term
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُحِبُّ
loves
ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ
the righteous
إِلَّا
Except
ٱلَّذِينَ
those (with) whom
عَٰهَدتُّم
you have a treaty
مِّنَ
among
ٱلۡمُشۡرِكِينَ
the polytheists
ثُمَّ
then
لَمۡ
not
يَنقُصُوكُمۡ
they have failed you
شَيۡـٔٗا
(in any) thing
وَلَمۡ
and not
يُظَٰهِرُواْ
they have supported
عَلَيۡكُمۡ
against you
أَحَدٗا
anyone
فَأَتِمُّوٓاْ
so fulfil
إِلَيۡهِمۡ
to them
عَهۡدَهُمۡ
their treaty
إِلَىٰ
till
مُدَّتِهِمۡۚ
their term
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
يُحِبُّ
loves
ٱلۡمُتَّقِينَ
the righteous
Translation
(But the treaties are) not dissolved with those Pagans with whom ye have entered into alliance and who have not subsequently failed you in aught, nor aided any one against you. So fulfil your engagements with them to the end of their term: for Allah loveth the righteous.
Tafsir
Excepting those of the idolaters with whom you have made a pact, and who have not diminished [their commitment to] you in anyway, with regard to the terms of the pact, nor supported, assisted, anyone, from among the disbelievers, against you; [as for these] fulfil your pact with them until, the completion of, the term, to which you have agreed. Truly God loves those who fear [Him], by fulfilling pacts.
Existing Peace Treaties remained valid until the End of Their Term
Allah says;
إِلاَّ الَّذِينَ عَاهَدتُّم مِّنَ الۡمُشۡرِكِينَ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَنقُصُوكُمۡ شَيۡيًا وَلَمۡ يُظَاهِرُواۡ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَحَدًا فَأَتِمُّواۡ إِلَيۡهِمۡ عَهۡدَهُمۡ إِلَى مُدَّتِهِمۡ
Except those of the Mushrikin with whom you have a treaty, and who have not subsequently failed you in aught, nor have supported anyone against you. So fulfill their treaty for them until the end of their term.
This is an exception regulating the longest extent of time for those who have a general treaty - with out time mentioned - to four months. They would have four months to travel the lands in search of sanctuary for themselves wherever they wish. Those whose treaty mentioned a specific limited term, then the longest it would extend was to the point of its agreed upon termination date.
Hadiths in this regard preceded. So anyone who had a treaty with Allah's Messenger, it lasted until its specific termination date. However, those in this category were required to refrain from breaking the terms of the agreement with Muslims and from helping non-Muslims against Muslims. This is the type whose peace agreement with Muslims was carried out to its end.
Allah encouraged honoring such peace treaties, saying,
إِنَّ اللّهَ يُحِبُّ الۡمُتَّقِينَ
Surely, Allah loves those who have Taqwa.
who keep their promises.
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