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Ayah
Word by Word
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you who believe
ٱلَّذِينَ
O you who believe
ءَامَنُواْ
O you who believe
مَا
What
لَكُمۡ
(is the matter) with you
إِذَا
when
قِيلَ
it is said
لَكُمُ
to you
ٱنفِرُواْ
go forth
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
ٱثَّاقَلۡتُمۡ
you cling heavily
إِلَى
to
ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ
the earth
أَرَضِيتُم
Are you pleased
بِٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ
with the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
(of) the world
مِنَ
(rather) than
ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۚ
the Hereafter
فَمَا
But what
مَتَٰعُ
(is the) enjoyment
ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ
(of) the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
(of) the world
فِي
in (comparison to)
ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ
the hereafter
إِلَّا
except
قَلِيلٌ
a little
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
O you who believe
ٱلَّذِينَ
O you who believe
ءَامَنُواْ
O you who believe
مَا
What
لَكُمۡ
(is the matter) with you
إِذَا
when
قِيلَ
it is said
لَكُمُ
to you
ٱنفِرُواْ
go forth
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
ٱثَّاقَلۡتُمۡ
you cling heavily
إِلَى
to
ٱلۡأَرۡضِۚ
the earth
أَرَضِيتُم
Are you pleased
بِٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ
with the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
(of) the world
مِنَ
(rather) than
ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِۚ
the Hereafter
فَمَا
But what
مَتَٰعُ
(is the) enjoyment
ٱلۡحَيَوٰةِ
(of) the life
ٱلدُّنۡيَا
(of) the world
فِي
in (comparison to)
ٱلۡأٓخِرَةِ
the hereafter
إِلَّا
except
قَلِيلٌ
a little
Translation
O ye who believe! what is the matter with you, that, when ye are asked to go forth in the cause of Allah, ye cling heavily to the earth? Do ye prefer the life of this world to the Hereafter? But little is the comfort of this life, as compared with the Hereafter.
Tafsir
When the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him summoned men for the Tabook campaign, and they thought it too burdensome, because of the hardship and the extreme heat from which they were suffering, the following was revealed: O you who believe, what is wrong with you that, when it is said to you, 'Go forth in the way of God,' you sink down heavily (iththaaqaltum: the original taa' [of tathaaqaltum] has been assimilated with the thaa', and the conjunctive hamza has been supplied), in other words, you hesitate and are disinclined to [participate in] the struggle, to the ground, to stay sitting upon it? (the interrogative is meant as a rebuke). Are you so content with the life of this world, and its delights, rather than with the Hereafter?, that is, in place of its bliss? Yet the enjoyment of the life of this world is, in, comparison with the enjoyment of, the Hereafter but little, trivial.
"Admonishing clinging to Life rather than rushing to perform Jihad
Allah admonishes those who lagged behind the Messenger of Allah in the battle of Tabuk, at a time when fruits were ripe and shades tempting in the intense and terrible heat,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُواۡ مَا لَكُمۡ إِذَا قِيلَ لَكُمُ انفِرُواۡ فِي سَبِيلِ اللّهِ
O you who believe! What is the matter with you, that when you are asked to march forth in the cause of Allah,
if you are called to perform Jihad in the cause of Allah,
اثَّاقَلۡتُمۡ إِلَى الَارۡضِ
you cling heavily to the earth,
reclining to remain in peace, shade and ripe fruits.
أَرَضِيتُم بِالۡحَيَاةِ الدُّنۡيَا مِنَ الاخِرَةِ
Are you pleased with the life of this world rather than the Hereafter,
why do you do this, is it because you prefer this life instead of the Hereafter Allah.
next diminishes the eagerness for this worldly life and increases it for the Hereafter,
فَمَا مَتَاعُ الۡحَيَاةِ الدُّنۡيَا فِي الاخِرَةِ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ
But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world compared to the Hereafter.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Mustawrid, a member of Bani Fihr, said that the Messenger of Allah said,
مَا الدُّنۡيَا فِي الاۡاخِرَةِ إِلاَّ كَمَا يَجۡعَلُ أَحَدُكُمۡ إِصۡبَعَهُ هَذِهِ فِي الۡيَمِّ فَلۡيَنۡظُرۡ بِمَ تَرۡجِعُ
The life of this world, compared to the Hereafter, is just like when one of you dips his finger in the sea, let him contemplate how much of it his finger would carry?
The Prophet pointed with his index finger. Muslim collected this Hadith.
Ath-Thawri narrated that Al-A`mash said about the Ayah,
فَمَا مَتَاعُ الۡحَيَاةِ الدُّنۡيَا فِي الاخِرَةِ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ
(But little is the enjoyment of the life of this world compared to the Hereafter).
""What compares to the provision a traveler takes.""
Abdul-Aziz bin Abi Hazim narrated that his father said,
""When Abdul-Aziz bin Marwan was dying he said, `Bring the shroud I will be covered with so that I inspect it.'
When it was placed before him, he looked at it and said, `Is this what I will end up with from this life!'
He then turned his back and cried, while saying, `Woe to you, O life! Your abundance is truly little, your little is short lived, we were deceived by you.""'
Allah warns those who do not join Jihad
إِلاَّ تَنفِرُواۡ يُعَذِّبۡكُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
If you march not forth, He will punish you with a painful torment,
Ibn Abbas said,
""Allah's Messenger called some Arabs to mobilize, but they lagged behind and Allah withheld rain from coming down on them, and this was their torment.""
Allah said,
وَيَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ قَوۡمًا غَيۡرَكُمۡ
and will replace you by another people,
who will give aid to His Prophet and establish his religion. Allah said in another Ayah,
الۡفُقَرَاءُ وَإِن تَتَوَلَّوۡاۡ يَسۡتَبۡدِلۡ قَوۡماً غَيۡرَكُمۡ ثُمَّ لَا يَكُونُواۡ
And if you turn away (from the obedience to Allah), He will exchange you for some other people and they will not be your likes. (47:38)
وَلَا تَضُرُّوهُ شَيۡيًا
and you cannot harm Him at all,
you can never harm Allah when you lag behind and stay away from joining Jihad,
وَاللّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيۡءٍ قَدِيرٌ
and Allah is able to do all things.
He is able to destroy the enemies without your help."
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