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Ayah
Word by Word
إِنَّمَا
Indeed
ٱلنَّسِيٓءُ
the postponing
زِيَادَةٞ
(is) an increase
فِي
in
ٱلۡكُفۡرِۖ
the disbelief
يُضَلُّ
are led astray
بِهِ
by it
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieve
يُحِلُّونَهُۥ
They make it lawful
عَامٗا
one year
وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُۥ
and make it unlawful
عَامٗا
(another) year
لِّيُوَاطِـُٔواْ
to adjust
عِدَّةَ
the number
مَا
which
حَرَّمَ
Allah has made unlawful
ٱللَّهُ
Allah has made unlawful
فَيُحِلُّواْ
and making lawful
مَا
what
حَرَّمَ
Allah has made unlawful
ٱللَّهُۚ
Allah has made unlawful
زُيِّنَ
Is made fair-seeming
لَهُمۡ
to them
سُوٓءُ
(the) evil
أَعۡمَٰلِهِمۡۗ
(of) their deeds
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
لَا
(does) not
يَهۡدِي
guide
ٱلۡقَوۡمَ
the people
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
the disbelievers
إِنَّمَا
Indeed
ٱلنَّسِيٓءُ
the postponing
زِيَادَةٞ
(is) an increase
فِي
in
ٱلۡكُفۡرِۖ
the disbelief
يُضَلُّ
are led astray
بِهِ
by it
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieve
يُحِلُّونَهُۥ
They make it lawful
عَامٗا
one year
وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُۥ
and make it unlawful
عَامٗا
(another) year
لِّيُوَاطِـُٔواْ
to adjust
عِدَّةَ
the number
مَا
which
حَرَّمَ
Allah has made unlawful
ٱللَّهُ
Allah has made unlawful
فَيُحِلُّواْ
and making lawful
مَا
what
حَرَّمَ
Allah has made unlawful
ٱللَّهُۚ
Allah has made unlawful
زُيِّنَ
Is made fair-seeming
لَهُمۡ
to them
سُوٓءُ
(the) evil
أَعۡمَٰلِهِمۡۗ
(of) their deeds
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
لَا
(does) not
يَهۡدِي
guide
ٱلۡقَوۡمَ
the people
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
the disbelievers
Translation
Verily the transposing (of a prohibited month) is an addition to Unbelief: the Unbelievers are led to wrong thereby: for they make it lawful one year, and forbidden another year, in order to adjust the number of months forbidden by Allah and make such forbidden ones lawful. The evil of their course seems pleasing to them. But Allah guideth not those who reject Faith.
Tafsir
Postponement [of the sacred month] - that is, the deferment of the sacredness of a given month to another, as they used to do during paganism, such as postponing the sacredness of Muharram, if it arrives while they are at war, to Safar - is only an excess of unbelief, because of their rejection of God's ruling thereof, whereby those who disbelieve are led astray (yudallu may also be read yadillu, '[they] go astray'), one year they make it, the month postponed, profane, and hallow it another, that they may make up, by profaning one month and hallowing another in its place, the number, of months, which God has hallowed, such that they do not hallow more, or less, than the four months, but without observing the individual months themselves; and so they profane what God has hallowed. Their evil deeds have been adorned for them, such that they deem them to be good [deeds]; and God does not guide the disbelieving folk.
"Admonishing the Preference of Opinion in a Religious Matter
Allah says;
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الۡكُفۡرِ يُضَلُّ بِهِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ يُحِلِّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِّيُوَاطِوُواۡ عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ فَيُحِلُّواۡ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ زُيِّنَ لَهُمۡ سُوءُ أَعۡمَالِهِمۡ وَاللّهُ لَا يَهۡدِي الۡقَوۡمَ الۡكَافِرِينَ
The postponing (of a Sacred Month) is indeed an addition to disbelief:thereby the disbelievers are led astray, for they make it lawful one year and forbid it another year in order to adjust the number of months forbidden by Allah, and make such forbidden ones lawful. The evil of their deeds is made fair-seeming to them. And Allah guides not the people who disbelieve.
Allah admonishes the idolators for choosing their wicked opinions over Allah's Law. They changed Allah's legislation based upon their vain desires, allowing what Allah prohibited and prohibiting what Allah allowed. They thought that three consecutive sacred months were rather long for them to remain without fighting, for they were full of anger and rage. This is why before Islam they innovated a change in the Sacred Month of Muharram, delaying it to the month of Safar! Therefore, they allowed fighting in the Sacred Month and made the non-sacred month sacred, to make the Sacred Months in a year four, as Allah decided!
Ali bin Abi Talhah said that Ibn Abbas commented on Allah's statement,
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الۡكُفۡرِ
(The postponing (of a Sacred Month) is indeed an addition to disbelief),
""Junadah bin Awf bin Umayyah Al-Kinani, known as Abu Thumamah, used to attend the Hajj season every year and declare, `Abu Thumamah is never rejected nor refuted!,' and he used to treat Safar as sacred for people one year (and un-sanctify Muharram) and treat Muharram as sacred another year (and un-sanctify Safar in that year). This is why Allah said,
إِنَّمَا النَّسِيءُ زِيَادَةٌ فِي الۡكُفۡرِ
(The postponing (of a Sacred Month) is indeed an addition to disbelief). Allah says, `They allow Muharram one year and make it sacred another year.""'
Al-Awfi narrated a similar statement from Ibn Abbas.
Layth bin Abi Sulaym narrated that Mujahid said,
""There was a man from Bani Kinanah who would attend the Hajj season every year riding his donkey. He would proclaim, `O people! I am never rejected, denied or refuted in what I say. We made this coming Muharram sacred, and Safar not!' The following year he would come again and declare the same words then say, `We made this coming Safar sacred and delayed Muharram (revoked its sanctity).' This is the meaning of Allah's statement,
لِّيُوَاطِوُواۡ عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ
(in order to adjust the number of months forbidden by Allah), to four months. Allah says, `They allow what Allah disallowed by delaying the Sacred Month.""'
The idolators used to allow Muharram one year and sanctify Safar in its place. They would continue the months of the year according to their normal count and names. The next year they would sanctify Muharram and continue the year, Safar, Rabi`, until the end of the year.
يُحِلِّونَهُ عَامًا وَيُحَرِّمُونَهُ عَامًا لِّيُوَاطِوُواۡ عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ فَيُحِلُّواۡ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّهُ
They make it lawful one year and forbid it another year in order to adjust the number of months forbidden by Allah, and make such forbidden ones lawful.
Therefore, they would still sanctify four months every year, but would one year sanctify the third from the three consecutive Sacred Months, Muharram, and postpone and delay it another year to Safar.
In his book of Sirah, Imam Muhammad bin Ishaq presented a very useful beneficial discussion on this matter. He said;
""The first to start the practice of overlooking the sanctity of months for the Arabs, thus allowing what Allah sanctified of them and sanctifying what Allah allowed of them, was ""Al-Qalammas"". He was Hudhayfah bin Abd Fuqaym bin Adi bin Amr bin Thalabah bin Al-Harith bin Malik bin Kinanah bin Khuzaymah bin Mudrikah bin Ilyas bin Mudar bin Nizar bin Madd bin Adnan.
His son Abbad maintained this practice, then after him his son Qala bin Abbad did the same, Then his son Umayyah bin Qala, then his son Awf bin Umayyah, then his son Abu Thumamah Junadah bin Awf. He was the last one of his sons (to continue this practice) before Islam.
The Arabs used to gather around him when Hajj finished, and he would stand and give them a speech in which he sanctifies Rajab, Dhul-Qadah and Dhul-Hijjah. He would defer the sanctity of Muharram to Safar one year and uphold its sanctity another year, so as to appear upholding the number (of Sacred Months) Allah made sacred. Therefore, he would allow what Allah prohibited and prohibit what Allah allowed.""
Allah knows best"
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