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Ayah
Word by Word
يُرِيدُونَ
They want
أَن
to
يُطۡفِـُٔواْ
extinguish
نُورَ
(Allah's) light
ٱللَّهِ
Allah's (light)
بِأَفۡوَٰهِهِمۡ
with their mouths
وَيَأۡبَى
but Allah refuses
ٱللَّهُ
but Allah refuses
إِلَّآ
except
أَن
to
يُتِمَّ
perfect
نُورَهُۥ
His Light
وَلَوۡ
even if
كَرِهَ
the disbelievers dislike (it)
ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ
the disbelievers dislike (it)
يُرِيدُونَ
They want
أَن
to
يُطۡفِـُٔواْ
extinguish
نُورَ
(Allah's) light
ٱللَّهِ
Allah's (light)
بِأَفۡوَٰهِهِمۡ
with their mouths
وَيَأۡبَى
but Allah refuses
ٱللَّهُ
but Allah refuses
إِلَّآ
except
أَن
to
يُتِمَّ
perfect
نُورَهُۥ
His Light
وَلَوۡ
even if
كَرِهَ
the disbelievers dislike (it)
ٱلۡكَٰفِرُونَ
the disbelievers dislike (it)
Translation
Fain would they extinguish Allah's light with their mouths, but Allah will not allow but that His light should be perfected, even though the Unbelievers may detest (it).
Tafsir
They desire to extinguish God's light, His Law and His proofs, with their tongues, with what they say about Him; and God refuses but to perfect, to make manifest, His light, even though the disbelievers be averse, to this.
"People of the Scriptures try to extinguish the Light of Islam
Allah says,
يُرِيدُونَ أَن يُطۡفِوُواۡ نُورَ اللّهِ بِأَفۡوَاهِهِمۡ
They (the disbelieving idolators and People of the Scriptures) want to extinguish the Light of Allah with their mouths,
They try through argument and lies to extinguish the guidance and religion of truth that the Messenger of Allah was sent with.
Their example is the example of he who wants to extinguish the light of the sun or the moon by blowing at them! Indeed, such a person will never accomplish what he sought. Likewise, the light of what the Messenger was sent with will certainly shine and spread.
Allah replied to the idolators' desire and hope,
وَيَأۡبَى اللّهُ إِلاَّ أَن يُتِمَّ نُورَهُ وَلَوۡ كَرِهَ الۡكَافِرُونَ
but Allah will not allow except that His Light should be perfected even though the disbelievers (Kafirun) hate (it).
Linguistically a Kafir is the person who covers something.
For instance, night is called Kafiran (covering) because it covers things (with darkness).
The farmer is called Kafiran, because he covers seeds in the ground.
Allah said in an Ayah,
أَعۡجَبَ الۡكُفَّارَ نَبَاتُهُ
thereof the growth is pleasing to the (Kuffar) tillers. (57:20)
Islam is the Religion That will dominate over all Other Religions
Allah said next
هُوَ الَّذِي أَرۡسَلَ رَسُولَهُ بِالۡهُدَى وَدِينِ الۡحَقِّ
It is He Who has sent His Messenger with guidance and the religion of truth.
`Guidance' refers to the true narrations, beneficial faith and true religion that the Messenger came with.
`religion of truth' refers to the righteous, legal deeds that bring about benefit in this life and the Hereafter.
لِيُظۡهِرَهُ عَلَى الدِّينِ كُلِّهِ وَلَوۡ كَرِهَ الۡمُشۡرِكُونَ
to make it (Islam) superior over all religions, even though the idolators hate (it).
It is recorded in the Sahih that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ اللهَ زَوَى لِي الاَۡرۡضَ مَشَارِقَهَا وَمَغَارِبَهَا وَسَيَبۡلُغُ مُلۡكُ أُمَّتِي مَا زُوِيَ لِييِمنۡهَا
Allah made the eastern and western parts of the earth draw near for me (to see), and the rule of my Ummah will extend as far as I ﷺ
Imam Ahmad recorded from Tamim Ad-Dari that he said,
""I heard the Messenger of Allah saying,
لَيَبۡلُغَنَّ هَذَا الاَۡمۡرُ مَا بَلَغَ اللَّيۡلُ وَالنَّهَارُ وَلَا يَتۡرُكُ اللهُ بَيۡتَ مَدَرٍ وَلَا وَبَرٍ إِلاَّ أَدۡخَلَهُ هَذَا الدِّينَ يُعِزُّ عَزِيزًا وَيُذِلُّ ذَلِيلً عِزًّا يُعِزُّ اللهُ بِهِ الاِۡسۡلَمَ وَذُلاًّ يُذِلُّ اللهُ بِهِ الۡكُفۡر
This matter (Islam) will keep spreading as far as the night and day reach, until Allah will not leave a house made of mud or hair, but will make this religion enter it, while bringing might to a mighty person (a Muslim) and humiliation to a disgraced person (who rejects Islam). Might with which Allah elevates Islam (and its people) and disgrace with which Allah humiliates disbelief (and its people).
Tamim Ad-Dari (who was a Christian before Islam) used to say,
""I have come to know the meaning of this Hadith in my own people.
Those who became Muslims among them acquired goodness, honor and might.
Disgrace, humiliation and Jizyah befell those who remained disbelievers."""
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