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Ayah
Word by Word
وَإِذَا
And whenever
مَآ
And whenever
أُنزِلَتۡ
is revealed
سُورَةٞ
a Surah
نَّظَرَ
look
بَعۡضُهُمۡ
some of them
إِلَىٰ
to
بَعۡضٍ
others
هَلۡ
Does
يَرَىٰكُم
see you
مِّنۡ
any
أَحَدٖ
one
ثُمَّ
Then
ٱنصَرَفُواْۚ
they turn away
صَرَفَ
Allah has turned away
ٱللَّهُ
Allah has turned away
قُلُوبَهُم
their hearts
بِأَنَّهُمۡ
because they
قَوۡمٞ
(are) a people
لَّا
not
يَفۡقَهُونَ
they understand
وَإِذَا
And whenever
مَآ
And whenever
أُنزِلَتۡ
is revealed
سُورَةٞ
a Surah
نَّظَرَ
look
بَعۡضُهُمۡ
some of them
إِلَىٰ
to
بَعۡضٍ
others
هَلۡ
Does
يَرَىٰكُم
see you
مِّنۡ
any
أَحَدٖ
one
ثُمَّ
Then
ٱنصَرَفُواْۚ
they turn away
صَرَفَ
Allah has turned away
ٱللَّهُ
Allah has turned away
قُلُوبَهُم
their hearts
بِأَنَّهُمۡ
because they
قَوۡمٞ
(are) a people
لَّا
not
يَفۡقَهُونَ
they understand
Translation
Whenever there cometh down a Sura, they look at each other, (saying), "Doth anyone see you?" Then they turn aside: Allah hath turned their hearts (from the light); for they are a people that understand not.
Tafsir
And whenever a soora is revealed, wherein is mention of them, and the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him recites it, they look at one another, desiring to flee, and saying: 'Will anyone see you?', if you get up [and flee]?, and so if no one can see them they get up [and leave], otherwise they stay put. Then they turn away, persisting in their disbelief. God turns their hearts away, from guidance, because they are a folk who do not understand, the truth, for they do not reflect [on it].
"Hypocrites suffer Afflictions
Allah says,
أَوَلَا يَرَوۡنَ أَنَّهُمۡ يُفۡتَنُونَ
See they not that they are put in trial,
being tested,
فِي كُلِّ عَامٍ مَّرَّةً أَوۡ مَرَّتَيۡنِ ثُمَّ لَا يَتُوبُونَ وَلَا هُمۡ يَذَّكَّرُونَ
once or twice every year! Yet, they turn not in repentance, nor do they learn a lesson.
They neither repent from their previous sins nor learn a lesson for the future.
Mujahid said that;
hypocrites are tested with drought and hunger.
Allah said;
وَإِذَا مَا أُنزِلَتۡ سُورَةٌ نَّظَرَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ إِلَى بَعۡضٍ هَلۡ يَرَاكُم مِّنۡ أَحَدٍ ثُمَّ انصَرَفُواۡ صَرَفَ اللّهُ قُلُوبَهُم بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٌ لاَّ يَفۡقَهُون
And whenever there comes down a Surah, they look at one another (saying):""Does any one see you!"" Then they turn away. Allah has turned their hearts because they are a people that understand not.
This describes the hypocrites that when a Surah is revealed to the Messenger of Allah,
نَّظَرَ بَعۡضُهُمۡ إِلَى بَعۡضٍ
(they look at one another), they turn their heads, right and left, saying,
هَلۡ يَرَاكُم مِّنۡ أَحَدٍ ثُمَّ انصَرَفُواۡ
(""Does any one see you!"" Then they turn away. ..) turning away from, and shunning the truth.
This is the description of hypocrites in this life, for they do not remain where the truth is being declared, neither accepting nor understanding it, just as Allah said in other Ayat,
فَمَا لَهُمۡ عَنِ التَّذۡكِرَةِ مُعۡرِضِينَ
كَأَنَّهُمۡ حُمُرٌ مُّسۡتَنفِرَةٌ
فَرَّتۡ مِن قَسۡوَرَةٍ
Then what is wrong with them that they turn away from admonition As if they were wild donkeys. Fleeing from a lion. (74:49-51)
and,
فَمَالِ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ قِبَلَكَ مُهۡطِعِينَ
عَنِ الۡيَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ عِزِينَ
So what is the matter with those who disbelieve that they hasten to hear from you. (Sitting) in groups on the right and on the left. (70:36-37)
This Ayah also means, what is the matter with these people who turn away from you to the right and to the left, to escape from truth and revert to falsehood.
Allah's statement,
ثُمَّ انصَرَفُواۡ صَرَفَ اللّهُ قُلُوبَهُم
Then they turn away. Allah has turned their hearts (from Truth) is similar to,
فَلَمَّا زَاغُواۡ أَزَاغَ اللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُمۡ
So when they turned away, Allah turned their hearts away. (61:5).
Allah said next,
بِأَنَّهُمۡ قَوۡمٌ لاَّ يَفۡقَهُون
because they are a people that understand not.
They neither understand Allah's Word nor attempt to comprehend it nor want it. Rather, they are too busy, turning away from it. This is why they ended up in this condition
Allah says;
لَقَدۡ جَاءكُمۡ رَسُولٌ مِّنۡ أَنفُسِكُمۡ عَزِيزٌ عَلَيۡهِ مَا عَنِتُّمۡ
Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger from among yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty.
An Hadith mentions,
بُعِثۡتُ بِالۡحَنِيفِيَّةِ السَّمۡحَة
I was sent with the easy Hanifiyah (monotheism) way.
Another authentic Hadith mentions,
إِنَّ هَذَا الدِّينَ يُسۡر
Verily, this religion is easy,
and its Law is all easy, lenient and perfect. It is easy for those whom Allah the Exalted makes it easy.
حَرِيصٌ عَلَيۡكُم
He is eager for you,
that you gain guidance and acquire benefits in this life and the Hereafter.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abdullah bin Mas`ud said that the Messenger of Allah said,
إِنَّ اللهَ لَمۡ يُحَرِّمۡ حُرۡمَةً إِلاَّ وَقَدۡ عَلِمَ أَنَّهُ سَيَطَّلِعُهَا مِنۡكُمۡ مُطَّلِعٌ أَلَا وَإِنِّي اخِذٌ بِحُجَزِكُمۡ أَنۡ تَهَافَتُوا فِي النَّارِ كَتَهَافُتِ الۡفَرَاشِ أَوِ الذُّبَاب
Verily, every matter that Allah has prohibited, He knows that some among you will breach it; but I am indeed holding you by the waist so that you do not fall in the Fire, just like butterflies and flies.
Allah's statement next,
بِالۡمُوۡمِنِينَ رَوُوفٌ رَّحِيمٌ
for the believers (he is) full of pity, kind, and merciful.
is similar to His other statement,
وَاخۡفِضۡ جَنَاحَكَ لِمَنِ اتَّبَعَكَ مِنَ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ
فَإِنۡ عَصَوۡكَ فَقُلۡ إِنِّى بَرِىءٌ مِّمَّا تَعۡمَلُونَ
وَتَوكَّلۡ عَلَى الۡعَزِيزِ الرَّحِيمِ
And be kind and humble to the believers who follow you. Then if they disobey you, say:""I am innocent of what you do."" And put your trust in the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful. (26:215-217)
Allah the Exalted commanded His Messenger in this honorable Ayah
فَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاۡ
But if they turn away,
from the glorious, pure, perfect and encompassing Law that you -- O Muhammad -- brought them,
فَقُلۡ حَسۡبِيَ اللّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ
then say:""Allah is sufficient for me. There is no God but He,
Allah is sufficient for me, there is no deity worthy of worship except Him, and in Him I put my trust. Similarly, Allah said,
رَّبُّ الۡمَشۡرِقِ وَالۡمَغۡرِبِ لَا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ فَاتَّخِذۡهُ وَكِيلً
(He alone is) the Lord of the east and the west; there is no God but He. So take Him alone as a guardian. (73:9)
عَلَيۡهِ تَوَكَّلۡتُ
in Him I put my trust,
Allah said next,
وَهُوَ رَبُّ الۡعَرۡشِ الۡعَظِيمِ
and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne.
He is the King and Creator of all things, and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne (Arsh), which is above all creation; all that is in and between the heavens and earths is under the Throne (Arsh) and subservient to Allah's power. His knowledge encompasses all things, and His decision will certainly come to pass over all matters. He is the guardian of all things.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn Abbas said that Ubayy bin Ka`b said,
""The last Ayah revealed from the Qur'an was this Ayah,
لَقَدۡ جَاءكُمۡ رَسُولٌ مِّنۡ أَنفُسِكُمۡ
(Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger from among yourselves) (9:128) until the end of the Surah.""
It is recorded in the Sahih that Zayd bin Thabit said,
""I found the last Ayah in Surah Bara'ah with Khuzaymah bin Thabit.""
حَسۡبِيَ اللّهُ لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ عَلَيۡهِ تَوَكَّلۡتُ وَهُوَ رَبُّ الۡعَرۡشِ الۡعَظِيمِ
""Allah is sufficient for me. There is no God but He, in Him I put my trust and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne.""
This is the end of Tafsir of Surah Al-Tawbah, all praise is due to Allah."
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