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Ayah
Word by Word
وَأَمَّا
But as for
ٱلَّذِينَ
those
فِي
in
قُلُوبِهِم
their hearts
مَّرَضٞ
(is) a disease
فَزَادَتۡهُمۡ
(it) increases them
رِجۡسًا
(in) evil
إِلَىٰ
to
رِجۡسِهِمۡ
their evil
وَمَاتُواْ
And they die
وَهُمۡ
while they
كَٰفِرُونَ
(are) disbelievers
وَأَمَّا
But as for
ٱلَّذِينَ
those
فِي
in
قُلُوبِهِم
their hearts
مَّرَضٞ
(is) a disease
فَزَادَتۡهُمۡ
(it) increases them
رِجۡسًا
(in) evil
إِلَىٰ
to
رِجۡسِهِمۡ
their evil
وَمَاتُواْ
And they die
وَهُمۡ
while they
كَٰفِرُونَ
(are) disbelievers
Translation
But as for those in whose hearts is disease, it has [only] increased them in evil [in addition] to their evil.1 And they will have died while they are disbelievers.
Footnotes
1 - Literally, "filth," i.e., disbelief and hypocrisy.
Tafsir
But as for those in whose hearts is sickness, a weakness of faith, it only adds abomination to their abomination, that is, [it only adds] disbelief to their disbelief, since they disbelieve in it, and they die while they were disbelievers.
"Faith of the Believers increases, while Hypocrites increase in Doubts and Suspicion
Allah said,
وَإِذَا مَا أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ
And whenever there comes down a Surah,
then among the hypocrites are,
فَمِنْهُم مَّن يَقُولُ أَيُّكُمْ زَادَتْهُ هَـذِهِ إِيمَانًا
some of them say:""Which of you has had his faith increased by it!""
They say to each other, who among you had his faith increased by this Surah (from the Qur'an).
Allah the Exalted said,
فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ امَنُواْ فَزَادَتْهُمْ إِيمَانًا وَهُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ
As for those who believe, it has increased their faith, and they rejoice.
This Ayah is one of the mightiest evidences that faith increases and decreases, as is the belief of most of the Salaf and later generations of scholars and Imams.
Many scholars said that there is a consensus on this ruling. We explained this subject in detail in the beginning of the explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, may Allah grant him His mercy.
Allah said next
وَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌ فَزَادَتْهُمْ رِجْسًا إِلَى رِجْسِهِمْ
But as for those in whose hearts is a disease, it will add Rijs to their Rijs.
The Surah increases them in doubt, and brings more suspicion on top of the doubts and suspicion that they had before. Allah said in another Ayah,
وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنَ الْقُرْءَانِ مَا هُوَ شِفَأءٌ
And We send down in the Qur'an that which is a healing. (17:82)
and,
قُلْ هُوَ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ هُدًى وَشِفَأءٌ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يُوْمِنُونَ فِى ءَاذَانِهِمْ وَقْرٌ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ عَمًى أُوْلَـيِكَ يُنَادَوْنَ مِن مَّكَانٍ بَعِيدٍ
Say:""It is for those who believe, a guide and a healing. And as for those who disbelieve, there is heaviness (deafness) in their ears, and it (the Qur'an) is blindness for them. They are those who are called from a place far away (so they neither listen nor understand)."" (41:44)
This indicates the misery of the hypocrites and disbelievers, since, what should bring guidance to their hearts is instead a cause of misguidance and destruction for them. Similarly, those who get upset by a type of food, for instance, will be upset and anxious even more if they are fed that food!
وَمَاتُواْ وَهُمْ كَافِرُونَ
and they die while they are disbelievers."
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