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Ayah
Word by Word
وَٱلَّذِينَ
And those who
ٱتَّخَذُواْ
take
مَسۡجِدٗا
a masjid
ضِرَارٗا
(for causing) harm
وَكُفۡرٗا
and (for) disbelief
وَتَفۡرِيقَۢا
and (for) division
بَيۡنَ
among
ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
the believers
وَإِرۡصَادٗا
and (as) a station
لِّمَنۡ
for whoever
حَارَبَ
warred
ٱللَّهَ
(against) Allah
وَرَسُولَهُۥ
and His Messenger
مِن
before
قَبۡلُۚ
before
وَلَيَحۡلِفُنَّ
And surely they will swear
إِنۡ
Not
أَرَدۡنَآ
we wish
إِلَّا
except
ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۖ
the good
وَٱللَّهُ
But Allah
يَشۡهَدُ
bears witness
إِنَّهُمۡ
indeed, they
لَكَٰذِبُونَ
(are) surely liars
وَٱلَّذِينَ
And those who
ٱتَّخَذُواْ
take
مَسۡجِدٗا
a masjid
ضِرَارٗا
(for causing) harm
وَكُفۡرٗا
and (for) disbelief
وَتَفۡرِيقَۢا
and (for) division
بَيۡنَ
among
ٱلۡمُؤۡمِنِينَ
the believers
وَإِرۡصَادٗا
and (as) a station
لِّمَنۡ
for whoever
حَارَبَ
warred
ٱللَّهَ
(against) Allah
وَرَسُولَهُۥ
and His Messenger
مِن
before
قَبۡلُۚ
before
وَلَيَحۡلِفُنَّ
And surely they will swear
إِنۡ
Not
أَرَدۡنَآ
we wish
إِلَّا
except
ٱلۡحُسۡنَىٰۖ
the good
وَٱللَّهُ
But Allah
يَشۡهَدُ
bears witness
إِنَّهُمۡ
indeed, they
لَكَٰذِبُونَ
(are) surely liars
Translation
And there are those who put up a mosque by way of mischief and infidelity - to disunite the Believers - and in preparation for one who warred against Allah and His Messenger aforetime. They will indeed swear that their intention is nothing but good; But Allah doth declare that they are certainly liars.
Tafsir
And, among them, those who have chosen a mosque - these were twelve men from among the hypocrites - by way of harm, to cause distress for those of the mosque of Qubaa', and disbelief, since they built it on the orders of the monk Aboo 'aamir, as a sanctuary for him, so that whoever comes from his side may stay there: he had gone to the Byzantine Emperor (qaysar) to bring troops to fight against the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, and to cause division among the believers, who pray in the mosque of Qubaa', by having some of these pray in their [the hypocrites'] mosque, and as an outpost, an observation post, for those who waged war against God and His Messenger before, that is, before it was built - meaning the above-mentioned Aboo 'aamir - they will swear: 'We desired nothing, by building it, but, to do, good', by way of kindness towards the poor in times of [heavy] rain or [extreme] heat and in order to provide [a place of worship] for the Muslims; and God bears witness that they are truly liars, in this [claim of theirs]. They had asked the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him to perform prayers in it, and so the following was revealed:
"Masjid Ad-Dirar and Masjid At-Taqwa
Allah says;
وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُواۡ مَسۡجِدًا ضِرَارًا وَكُفۡرًا وَتَفۡرِيقًا بَيۡنَ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ وَإِرۡصَادًا لِّمَنۡ حَارَبَ اللّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ مِن قَبۡلُ
And as for those who put up a Masjid by way of harm and disbelief and to disunite the believers and as an outpost for those who warred against Allah and His Messenger aforetime,
The reason behind revealing these honorable Ayat is that;
before the Messenger of Allah migrated to Al-Madinah, there was a man from Al-Khazraj called ""Abu Amir Ar-Rahib (the Monk)."" This man embraced Christianity before Islam and read the Scriptures. During the time of Jahiliyyah, Abu Amir was known for being a worshipper and being a notable person among Al-Khazraj.
When the Messenger of Allah arrived at Al-Madinah after the Hijrah, the Muslims gathered around him and the word of Islam was triumphant on the day of Badr, causing Abu Amir, the cursed one, to choke on his own saliva and announce his enmity to Islam.
He fled from Al-Madinah to the idolators of Quraysh in Makkah to support them in the war against the Messenger of Allah. The Quraysh united their forces and the Bedouins who joined them for the battle of Uhud, during which Allah tested the Muslims, but the good end is always for the pious and righteous people.
The rebellious Abu Amir dug many holes in the ground between the two camps, into one of which the Messenger fell, injuring his face and breaking one of his right lower teeth. He also sustained a head injury.
Before the fighting started, Abu Amir approached his people among the Ansar and tried to convince them to support and agree with him. When they recognized him, they said, ""May Allah never burden an eye by seeing you, O Fasiq one, O enemy of Allah!""
They cursed him and he went back declaring, ""By Allah! Evil has touched my people after I left.""
The Messenger of Allah called Abu Amir to Allah and recited the Qur'an to him before his flight to Makkah, but he refused to embrace Islam and rebelled. The Messenger invoked Allah that Abu Amir die as an outcast in an alien land, and his invocation came true.
After the battle of Uhud was finished, Abu Amir realized that the Messenger's call was still rising and gaining momentum, so he went to Heraclius, the emperor of Rome, asking for his aid against the Prophet. Heraclius gave him promises and Abu Amir remained with him.
He also wrote to several of his people in Al-Madinah, who embraced hypocrisy, promising and insinuating to them that he will lead an army to fight the Messenger of Allah to defeat him and his call. He ordered them to establish a stronghold where he could send his emissaries and to serve as an outpost when he joins them later on.
These hypocrites built a Masjid next to the Masjid in Quba', and they finished building it before the Messenger went to Tabuk. They went to the Messenger inviting him to pray in their Masjid so that it would be a proof that the Messenger approved of their Masjid.
They told him that they built the Masjid for the weak and ill persons on rainy nights. However, Allah prevented His Messenger from praying in that Masjid. He said to them,
إِنَّا عَلَى سَفَرٍ وَلَكِنۡ إِذَا رَجَعۡنَا إِنۡ شَاءَ الله
""If we come back from our travel, Allah willing.""
When the Messenger of Allah came back from Tabuk and was approximately one or two days away from Al-Madinah, Jibril came down to him with the news about Masjid Ad-Dirar and the disbelief and division between the believers, who were in Masjid Quba' (which was built on piety from the first day), that Masjid Ad-Dirar was meant to achieve. Therefore, the Messenger of Allah sent some people to Masjid Ad-Dirar to bring it down before he reached Al-Madinah.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said about this Ayah,
""They are some people of the Ansar to whom Abu Amir said, `Build a Masjid and prepare whatever you can of power and weapons, for I am headed towards Caesar, emperor of Rome, to bring Roman soldiers with whom I will expel Muhammad and his companions.'
When they built their Masjid, they went to the Prophet and said to him, ""We finished building our Masjid and we would like you pray in it and invoke Allah for us for His blessings.""
Allah revealed this verse,
لَا تَقُمۡ فِيهِ أَبَدًا
(Never stand you therein), (9:108) until,
الظَّالِمِينَ
(...wrongdoers) (9:109).""
Allah said next,
وَلَيَحۡلِفَنَّ
they will indeed swear,
those who built it,
إِنۡ أَرَدۡنَا إِلاَّ الۡحُسۡنَى
that their intention is nothing but good.
by building this Masjid we sought the good and the comfort of the people.
Allah replied,
وَاللّهُ يَشۡهَدُ إِنَّهُمۡ لَكَاذِبُونَ
Allah bears witness that they are certainly liars.
for they only built it to harm Masjid Quba', and out of disbelief in Allah, and to divide the believers. They made it an outpost for those who warred against Allah and His Messenger, such as Abu Amir the Fasiq who used to be called Ar-Rahib, may Allah curse him!
Allah said
لَا تَقُمۡ فِيهِ أَبَدًا
Never stand you therein,
prohibiting His Prophet and his Ummah from ever standing in it in prayer.
Virtues of Masjid Quba
Allah encouraged His Prophet to pray in Masjid Quba' which, from the first day, was built on Taqwa, obedience to Allah and His Messenger, for gathering the word of the believers and as an outpost and a fort for Islam and its people. This is why Allah the Exalted said,
لَّمَسۡجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقۡوَى مِنۡ أَوَّلِ يَوۡمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ
Verily, the Masjid whose foundation was laid from the first day on Taqwa is more worthy that you stand therein (to pray).
in reference to the Masjid of Quba'.
An authentic Hadith records that the Messenger of Allah said,
صَلَةٌ فِي مَسۡجِدِ قُبَاءٍ كَعُمۡرَة
One prayer in Masjid Quba' is just like an Umrah.
It is recorded in the Sahih that;
the Messenger of Allah used to visit Masjid Quba' while riding and walking.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Uwaym bin Sa`idah Al-Ansari said that;
the Prophet went to Masjid Quba' and asked,
إِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى قَدۡ أَحۡسَنَ عَلَيۡكُمُ الثَّنَاءَ فِي الطُّهُورِ فِي قِصَّةِ مَسۡجِدِكُمۡ فَمَا هَذَا الطُّهُورُ الَّذِي تَطَهَّرُونَ بِهِ
In the story about your Masjid, Allah the Exalted has praised you concerning the purification that you perform. What is the purification that you perform!
They said, ""By Allah, O Allah's Messenger! We do not know except that we had neighbors from the Jews who used to use water to wash with after answering the call of nature, and we washed as they washed.""
Ibn Khuzaymah collected this Hadith in his Sahih.
Allah's statement,
لَّمَسۡجِدٌ أُسِّسَ عَلَى التَّقۡوَى مِنۡ أَوَّلِ يَوۡمٍ أَحَقُّ أَن تَقُومَ فِيهِ فِيهِ رِجَالٌ يُحِبُّونَ أَن يَتَطَهَّرُواۡ وَاللّهُ يُحِبُّ الۡمُطَّهِّرِينَ
Verily, the Masjid whose foundation was laid from the first day on Taqwa is more worthy that you stand therein (to pray). In it are men who love to clean and purify themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure.
This encourages praying in old Masjids that were built for the purpose of worshipping Allah alone, without partners.
It is also recommended to join the prayer with the believing group and worshippers who implement their faith, those who perform Wudu perfectly and preserve themselves from impure things.
Imam Ahmad recorded that;
one of the Companions of the Messenger of Allah said that the Messenger of Allah led them in a Dawn (Subh) prayer in which he recited Ar-Rum (Surah 30) and made mistakes in the recitation. When he finished the prayer, he said,
إِنَّهُ يَلۡبِسُ عَلَيۡنَا الۡقُرۡانَ أَنَّ أَقۡوَامًا مِنۡكُمۡ يُصَلُّونَ مَعَنَا لَا يُحۡسِنُونَ الۡوُضُوءَ فَمَنۡ شَهِدَ الصَّلَةَ مَعَنَا فَلۡيُحۡسِنِ الۡوُضُوء
We sometimes make mistakes in reciting the Qur'an, there are people among you who attend the prayer with us, but do not perform Wudu perfectly. Therefore, whoever attends the prayer with us let him make perfect Wudu.
This Hadith indicates that complete purification helps in the performance of acts of worship and aids in preserving and completing them."
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