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Ayah
Word by Word
وَءَاخَرُونَ
And others
مُرۡجَوۡنَ
deferred
لِأَمۡرِ
for the Command of Allah
ٱللَّهِ
for the Command of Allah
إِمَّا
whether
يُعَذِّبُهُمۡ
He will punish them
وَإِمَّا
or
يَتُوبُ
He will turn (in mercy)
عَلَيۡهِمۡۗ
to them
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
عَلِيمٌ
(is) All-Knower
حَكِيمٞ
All-Wise
وَءَاخَرُونَ
And others
مُرۡجَوۡنَ
deferred
لِأَمۡرِ
for the Command of Allah
ٱللَّهِ
for the Command of Allah
إِمَّا
whether
يُعَذِّبُهُمۡ
He will punish them
وَإِمَّا
or
يَتُوبُ
He will turn (in mercy)
عَلَيۡهِمۡۗ
to them
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
عَلِيمٌ
(is) All-Knower
حَكِيمٞ
All-Wise
Translation
And [there are] others deferred until the command of Allāh - whether He will punish them or whether He will forgive them. And Allāh is Knowing and Wise.
Tafsir
And [there are] others, from among those who stayed behind, who are deferred (read murja'oona or murjawna), whose repentance is delayed, to God's command, concerning them, according to His will, whether He chastises them, by causing them to die without [their having made any] repentance, or relents to them; and God is Knower, of His creatures, Wise, in what He does with them. These [others mentioned] are the three, who will be mentioned afterwards: Muraara ibn al-Rabee', Ka'b ibn Maalik and Hilaal ibn Umayya. They stayed behind out of laziness and their inclination for peace and quiet, not out of hypocrisy. Unlike the others, however, they did not excuse themselves before the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, and so the matter regarding them was suspended for fifty days, during which time people avoided them, until it was later revealed that God had relented to them.
Delaying the Decision about the Three Companions Who stayed away from the Battle of Tabuk
Allah said;
وَاخَرُونَ مُرْجَوْنَ لاِاَمْرِ اللّهِ
And others are made to await for Allah's Decree,
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, Ikrimah, Ad-Dahhak and several others said that;
those mentioned in the Ayah are the three who were made to wait to know if their repentance was accepted;
Mararah bin Ar-Rabi,
Ka`b bin Malik and
Hilal bin Umayyah.
Some Companions stayed behind from the battle of Tabuk due to laziness, preferring comfort, ease, ripe fruits and shade. They did not lag behind because of hypocrisy or doubts.
Some of them tied themselves to the pillars (of the Masjid) like Abu Lubabah and several of his friends did. Some of them did not do that, and they are the three mentioned here. Those who tied themselves received their pardon before these three men whose pardon was delayed, until this Ayah was revealed,
لَقَد تَّابَ الله عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالَانصَارِ
Allah has forgiven the Prophet, the Muhajirin and the Ansar... (9:117)
وَعَلَى الثَّلَثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُواْ حَتَّى إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الَارْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ
And the three who stayed behind, until for them the earth, vast as it is, was straitened... (9:118)
We will mention the Hadith about this story from Ka`b bin Malik.
Allah said,
إِمَّا يُعَذِّبُهُمْ وَإِمَّا يَتُوبُ عَلَيْهِمْ
whether He will punish them or will forgive them.
meaning, they are at Allah's mercy, if He wills, He pardons them or punishes them. However, Allah's mercy comes before His anger,
وَاللّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ
And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.
Allah knows those who deserve the punishment and those who deserve the pardon. He is All-Wise in His actions and statements, there is no deity worthy of worship nor Lord besides Him.
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