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Ayah
Word by Word
وَٱلشَّفۡعِ
And the even
وَٱلۡوَتۡرِ
and the odd
وَٱلشَّفۡعِ
And the even
وَٱلۡوَتۡرِ
and the odd
Translation
By the even and odd (contrasted);
Tafsir
and [by] the even, the pair, and the odd (read watr or witr, two [alternative] forms), the single,
Tafsir of Surah Al-Fajr
The Explanation of Al-Fajr and what comes after it
Allah swears,
وَالۡفَجۡرِ
وَلَيَالٍ عَشۡرٍ
وَالشَّفۡعِ وَالۡوَتۡرِ
By the dawn;
And by the ten nights,
And by the even and the odd.
Concerning Al-Fajr, it is well known that it is the morning.
This was said by Ali, Ibn Abbas, Ikrimah, Mujahid and As-Suddi.
It has been reported from Masruq and Muhammad bin Ka`b that Al-Fajr refers to the day of Sacrifice (An-Nahr) in particular, and it is the last of the ten nights.
The ten nights' refers to the (first) ten days of Dhul-Hijjah.
This was said by Ibn `Abbas, Ibn Zubayr, Mujahid and others among the Salaf and the latter generations.
It has been confirmed in Sahih Al-Bukhari from Ibn Abbas that the Prophet said,
مَا مِنۡ أَيَّامٍ الۡعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اللهِ فِيهِنَّ مِنۡ هذِهِ الاۡاَيَّام
There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days.
meaning the ten days of Dhul-Hijjah.
They (the companions) said, Not even fighting Jihad in the way of Allah
He replied,
وَلَا الۡجِهَادُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ إِلاَّ رَجُلً خَرَجَ بِنَفۡسِهِ وَمَالِهِ ثُمَّ لَمۡ يَرۡجِعۡ مِنۡ ذلِكَ بِشَيۡء
Not even Jihad in the way of Allah; except for a man who goes out (for Jihad) with his self and his wealth, and he does not return with any of that.
Explanation of Night
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَاللَّيۡلِ إِذَا يَسۡر
And by the night when it departs.
Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said,
When it goes away. `
Abdullah bin Zubayr said,
As some parts of it remove other parts of it.
Mujahid, Abu Al-`Aliyah, Qatadah, and Malik who reported it from Zayd bin Aslam and Ibn Zayd, they all said;
When it moves along.
Concerning Allah's statement,
هَلۡ فِي ذَلِكَ قَسَمٌ لِّذِي حِجۡرٍ
There is indeed in them sufficient proofs for men with Hijr!
meaning, for he who possesses intellect, sound reasoning, understanding and religious discernment.
The intellect has only been called Hijr because it prevents the person from doing that which is not befitting of him of actions and statement.
From this we see the meaning of Hijr Al-Bayt because it prevents the person performing Tawaf from clinging the wall facing Ash-Sham. Also the term Hijr Al-Yamamah (the cage of the pigeon) is derived from this meaning (i.e., prevention).
It is said, Hajara Al-Hakim so-and-so (The judge passed a judgement preventing so-and-so), when his judgement prevents the person from his liberty (i.e., of freely utilizing his wealth).
Allah says,
وَيَقُولُونَ حِجۡراً مَّحۡجُوراً
And they will say:Hijr Mahjur. (25:22)
All of these examples are different cases but their meanings are quite similar.
The oath that is referred to here is about the times of worship and the acts of worship themselves, such as Hajj, Salah and other acts of worship that Allah's pious, obedient, servants who fear Him and are humble before Him, seeking His Noble Face, perform in order to draw nearer to Him.
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