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Ayah
Word by Word
عَلِمَتۡ
Will know
نَفۡسٞ
a soul
مَّا
what
قَدَّمَتۡ
it has sent forth
وَأَخَّرَتۡ
and left behind
عَلِمَتۡ
Will know
نَفۡسٞ
a soul
مَّا
what
قَدَّمَتۡ
it has sent forth
وَأَخَّرَتۡ
and left behind
Translation
A soul will [then] know what it has put forth and kept back.
Tafsir
a soul, every soul, will know, at the time of the [occurrence of the] things mentioned, which is the Day of Resurrection, what it has sent ahead, in the way of deeds, and, what [it has], left behind, of these and did not do.
Tafsir of Surah Al-Infitar
What will happen on the Day of Judgement
Allah says,
إِذَا السَّمَاء انفَطَرَتْ
When the heaven is cleft asunder (Infatarat).
meaning, it splits.
This is as Allah says,
السَّمَأءُ مُنفَطِرٌ بِهِ
Whereon the heaven will be cleft asunder (Munfatir)) (73:18)
Then Allah says,
وَإِذَا الْكَوَاكِبُ انتَثَرَتْ
And when the stars Intatharat.
meaning, fallen.
وَإِذَا الْبِحَارُ فُجِّرَتْ
And when the seas Fujjirat.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn Abbas that he said,
Allah will cause some of it to burst forth over other parts of it.
Al-Hasan said,
Allah will cause some parts of it to burst forth over other parts of it, and its water will go away.
Qatadah said,
Its fresh water will mix with its salt water.
وَإِذَا الْقُبُورُ بُعْثِرَتْ
And when the graves Bu`thirat.
Ibn Abbas said, searched.
As-Suddi said,
Tub`athiru means that they will be moved and those who are in them will come out.
عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَّا قَدَّمَتْ وَأَخَّرَتْ
A person will know what he has sent forward and left behind.
meaning, when this happens then this will occur.
Mankind should not forget about Allah. Allah says,
يَا أَيُّهَا الاْاِنسَانُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ الْكَرِيمِ
O man!
What has made you careless about your Lord, the Most Generous?
This is a threat. It is not an attempt to get a reply as some people mistakenly think. They consider it as if the Most Generous is asking them so that they will say,
His honor deceived him (or made him careless of his Lord).
rather the meaning of this Ayah is,
O Son of Adam!
What has deceived you from your Lord, the Most Generous -- meaning the Most Great -- so that you went forth disobeying Him, and you met Him with that which was unbefitting.
This is similar to what has been reported in the Hadith,
يَقُولُ اللهُ تَعَالَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
يَا ابْنَ ادَمَ مَا غَرَّكَ بِي
يَا ابْنَ ادَمَ مَاذَا أَجَبْتَ الْمُرْسَلِينَ
Allah will say on the Day of Judgement:
O Son of Adam!
What has deceived you concerning Me?
O Son of Adam!
What was your response to the Messengers?
Al-Baghawi mentioned that Al-Kalbi and Muqatil said,
This Ayah was revealed about Al-Aswad bin Shariq who struck the Prophet and he was not punished in retaliation. So Allah revealed,
مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ الْكَرِيمِ
(What has made you careless about your Lord, the Most Generous?)
Then Allah said,
الَّذِي خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّاكَ فَعَدَلَكَ
Who created you, fashioned you perfectly, and gave you due proportion.
meaning,
`what has deceived you concerning the Most Generous Lord'
الَّذِى خَلَقَكَ فَسَوَّاكَ فَعَدَلَكَ
Who created you, fashioned you perfectly, and gave you due proportion.
meaning,
`He made you complete, straight, and perfectly balanced and proportioned in stature. He fashioned you in the best of forms and shapes.'
Imam Ahmad recorded from Busr bin Jahhash Al-Qurashi that one day the Messenger of Allah spat in his palm and placed his finger on it. Then he said,
قَالَ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَا ابْنَ ادَمَ أَنْى تُعْجِزُنِي وَقَدْ خَلَقْتُكَ مِنْ مِثْلِ هذِهِ
حَتْى إِذَا سَوَّيْتُكَ وَعَدَلْتُكَ مَشَيْتَ بَيْنَ بُرْدَيْنِ
وَلِلَْرْضِ مِنْكَ وَيِيدٌ
فَجَمَعْتَ وَمَنَعْتَ حَتْى إِذَا بَلَغَتِ التَّرَاقِيَ قُلْتَ
أَتَصَدَّقُ وَأَنَّى أَوَانُ الصَّدَقَةِ
Allah the Mighty and Sublime says:
O Son of Adam!
How can you escape Me when I created you from something similar to this (spit) Then I fashioned you and made your creation balanced so that you walked between the two outer garments. And the earth has a burial place for you.
So you gathered (wealth) and withheld it until your soul reached your collarbone (i.e., death comes). Then, at that time you say, `I will give charity now.' But how will there be time for charity
This Hadith has also been recorded by Ibn Majah .
Concerning Allah's statement,
فِي أَيِّ صُورَةٍ مَّا شَاء رَكَّبَكَ
In whatever form He willed, He put you together.
Mujahid said,
In which resemblance:the father, the mother, the paternal uncle, or the maternal uncle.
In the Two Sahihs it is recorded from Abu Hurayrah that a man said,
O Messenger of Allah! Verily, my wife has given birth to a black boy.
The Prophet said,
هَلْ لَكَ مِنْ إِبِلٍ
Do you have any camels?
The man said, Yes.
The Prophet then said,
فَمَا أَلْوَانُهَ
What color are they?
The man said, Red.
The Prophet said,
فَهَلْ فِيهَا مِنْ أَوْرَق
Do any of them have patches of gray?
The man said, Yes.
The Prophet asked him,
فَأَنْى أَتَاهَا ذلِك
How did this happen to them?
The man replied, It is probably an inherited genetical strain.
The Prophet then said,
وَهَذَا عَسَى أَنْ يَكُونَ نَزَعَهُ عِرْق
Likewise, this (with your son) is probably an inherited genetical strain.
Concerning Allah's statement,
كَلَّ بَلْ تُكَذِّبُونَ بِالدِّينِ
Nay! But you deny (the Day of) Ad-Din.
meaning, `you are only compelled to oppose the Most Generous and meet Him with disobedience, by your rejection in your hearts of the Hereafter, the recompense and the reckoning.'
Concerning Allah's statement,
وَإِنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ لَحَافِظِينَ
كِرَامًا كَاتِبِينَ
يَعْلَمُونَ مَا تَفْعَلُونَ
But verily, over you to watch you (are) Kiraman Katibin, they know all that you do.
meaning, indeed there are noble guardian angels over you, so do not meet them with evil deeds, because they write down all that you do.
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