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Ayah

Word by Word
وَإِذۡ
And when
يَعِدُكُمُ
promised you
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
إِحۡدَى
one
ٱلطَّآئِفَتَيۡنِ
(of) the two groups
أَنَّهَا
that it (would be)
لَكُمۡ
for you
وَتَوَدُّونَ
and you wished
أَنَّ
that
غَيۡرَ
(one) other than
ذَاتِ
that
ٱلشَّوۡكَةِ
(of) the armed
تَكُونُ
would be
لَكُمۡ
for you
وَيُرِيدُ
But intended
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
أَن
to
يُحِقَّ
justify
ٱلۡحَقَّ
the truth
بِكَلِمَٰتِهِۦ
by His words
وَيَقۡطَعَ
and cut off
دَابِرَ
(the) roots
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
(of) the disbelievers
وَإِذۡ
And when
يَعِدُكُمُ
promised you
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
إِحۡدَى
one
ٱلطَّآئِفَتَيۡنِ
(of) the two groups
أَنَّهَا
that it (would be)
لَكُمۡ
for you
وَتَوَدُّونَ
and you wished
أَنَّ
that
غَيۡرَ
(one) other than
ذَاتِ
that
ٱلشَّوۡكَةِ
(of) the armed
تَكُونُ
would be
لَكُمۡ
for you
وَيُرِيدُ
But intended
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
أَن
to
يُحِقَّ
justify
ٱلۡحَقَّ
the truth
بِكَلِمَٰتِهِۦ
by His words
وَيَقۡطَعَ
and cut off
دَابِرَ
(the) roots
ٱلۡكَٰفِرِينَ
(of) the disbelievers

Translation

[Remember, O believers], when Allāh promised you one of the two groups1 - that it would be yours - and you wished that the unarmed one would be yours. But Allāh intended to establish the truth by His words and to eliminate the disbelievers
Footnotes
1 - i.e., either the caravan of Quraysh or their army.

Tafsir

And, remember, when God promised you one of the two parties, either the caravan or the band [of Meccan fighters], that it should be yours, and you longed, you were wishing, that other than the armed one, that is, [other than] the fighting one with the weapons, in other words, [you longed that] the caravan, should be yours, because it had fewer men and less reinforcements than the band [of Mecca fighters]; but God willed that the truth be realised, [He willed] to manifest it, by His, preceding, words, that Islam should triumph; and to cut the root of the disbelievers, to the very last man, by extirpating them, and so He commanded you to fight against the band.

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