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Ayah
Word by Word
إِنَّا
Indeed We
هَدَيۡنَٰهُ
guided him
ٱلسَّبِيلَ
(to) the way
إِمَّا
whether
شَاكِرٗا
(he) be grateful
وَإِمَّا
and whether
كَفُورًا
(he) be ungrateful
إِنَّا
Indeed We
هَدَيۡنَٰهُ
guided him
ٱلسَّبِيلَ
(to) the way
إِمَّا
whether
شَاكِرٗا
(he) be grateful
وَإِمَّا
and whether
كَفُورًا
(he) be ungrateful
Translation
We showed him the Way: whether he be grateful or ungrateful (rests on his will).
Tafsir
Verily We have guided him to the way, We have pointed out to him the path of guidance by sending messengers [to mankind], whether he be grateful, that is to say, [whether he be] a believer, or ungrateful (both [shaakiran and kafooran] are circumstantial qualifiers referring to the direct object; in other words, We have pointed out to him in both presupposed states, whether his gratefulness or his unthankfulness; immaa is used to list the 'states').
Tafsir of Surah Al-Insan
Allah created Man after He did not exist
Allah informs that He brought man into existence after he was not even a thing worth mentioning, due to his lowliness and weakness. Allah says,
هَلۡ أَتَى عَلَى الاِۡنسَانِ حِينٌ مِّنَ الدَّهۡرِ لَمۡ يَكُن شَيۡيًا مَّذۡكُورًا
Has there not been over man a period of time, when he was not a thing worth mentioning?
Then Allah explains this by saying
إِنَّا خَلَقۡنَا الاِۡنسَانَ مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ أَمۡشَاجٍ
Verily, We have created man from Nutfah Amshaj,
meaning, mixed.
The words Mashaj and Mashij mean something that is mixed together.
Ibn `Abbas said concerning Allah's statement,
مِن نُّطۡفَةٍ أَمۡشَاجٍ
(from Nutfah Amshaj,)
This means the fluid of the man and the fluid of the woman when they meet and mix.
Then man changes after this from stage to stage, condition to condition and color to color.
Ikrimah, Mujahid, Al-Hasan and Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all made statements similar to this. They said,
Amshaj is the mixing of the man's fluid with the woman's fluid.
Concerning Allah's statement,
نَّبۡتَلِيهِ
in order to try him,
means, `We test him.'
It is similar to Allah's statement,
لِيَبۡلُوَكُمۡ أَيُّكُمۡ أَحۡسَنُ عَمَلً
That He may test you which of you is best in deed. (67:2)
Then Allah says,
فَجَعَلۡنَاهُ سَمِيعًا بَصِيرًا
so, We made him hearer and seer.
meaning, `We gave him the faculties of hearing and sight so that he would be able to use them for obedience and disobedience.'
Allah guided Him to the Path, so Man is either Grateful or Ungrateful
Allah says
إِنَّا هَدَيۡنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ
Verily, We guided to him the way,
meaning, `We explained it to him, made it clear to him and showed it to him.'
This is as Allah says,
وَأَمَّا ثَمُودُ فَهَدَيۡنَـهُمۡ فَاسۡتَحَبُّواۡ الۡعَمَى عَلَى الۡهُدَى
And as for Thamud, We guided them but they preferred blindness to guidance. (41:17)
Allah also said,
وَهَدَيۡنَـهُ النَّجۡدَينِ
And We guided him to the two ways. (90:10)
meaning, `We explained to him the path of good and the path of evil.'
This is the statement of `Ikrimah, `Atiyah, Ibn Zayd and Mujahid from what is well-known from him and the majority.
Allah then says,
إِمَّا شَاكِرًا وَإِمَّا كَفُورًا
Whether he be grateful or ungrateful.
This is his decree. Thus, with this he is either wretched or happy.
This is like what has been recorded by Muslim in a Hadith from Abu Malik Al-Ash`ari. He said that the Messenger of Allah said,
كُلُّ النَّاسِ يَغۡدُو فَبَايِعٌ نَفۡسَهُ فَمُوبِقُهَا أَوۡ مُعۡتِقُهَا
All of mankind wakes up in the morning the merchant of his own soul. So he either imprisons it or sets it free.
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