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Ayah
Word by Word
نَّحۡنُ
We
خَلَقۡنَٰهُمۡ
created them
وَشَدَدۡنَآ
and We strengthened
أَسۡرَهُمۡۖ
their forms
وَإِذَا
and when
شِئۡنَا
We will
بَدَّلۡنَآ
We can change
أَمۡثَٰلَهُمۡ
their likeness[es]
تَبۡدِيلًا
(with) a change
نَّحۡنُ
We
خَلَقۡنَٰهُمۡ
created them
وَشَدَدۡنَآ
and We strengthened
أَسۡرَهُمۡۖ
their forms
وَإِذَا
and when
شِئۡنَا
We will
بَدَّلۡنَآ
We can change
أَمۡثَٰلَهُمۡ
their likeness[es]
تَبۡدِيلًا
(with) a change
Translation
It is We Who created them, and We have made their joints strong; but, when We will, We can substitute the like of them by a complete change.
Tafsir
We created them and made firm their frames, their limbs and their joints, and, whenever We will, We can completely replace them with others like them, in terms of their created form, in place of them, by destroying them (tabdeelan, 'completely', is for emphasis; idhaa, 'when', functions in the sense of in, 'if', similar to [where God says in several places], in yasha' yudhhibkum, If He will, He can take you away [cf. Q. 14:19]; but because He, exalted be He, has not willed this, it has not happened thus far).
Mention of the Qur'an's Revelation and the Command to be Patient and remember Allah
Allah reminds His Messenger,
إِنَّا نَحۡنُ نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ الۡقُرۡانَ تَنزِيلً
Verily, it is We Who have sent down the Qur'an to you by stages.
Allah reminds His Messenger of how He blessed him by revealing the Magnificent Qur'an to him
فَاصۡبِرۡ لِحُكۡمِ رَبِّكَ
Therefore be patient with constancy to the command of your Lord.,
meaning, `just as you have been honored by what has been revealed to you, then be patient with His decree and decision and know that He will handle your affairs in a good manner.'
وَلَا تُطِعۡ مِنۡهُمۡ اثِمًا أَوۡ كَفُورًا
And obey neither a sinner (Athim) nor a disbeliever (Kafur) among them.
meaning, `do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites if they wish to deter you from what has been revealed to you. Rather convey that which has been revealed to you from your Lord and put your trust in Allah, for verily, Allah will protect you from the people.'
The Athim is the sinner in his deeds and the Kafur is the disbeliever in his heart.
وَاذۡكُرِ اسۡمَ رَبِّكَ بُكۡرَةً وَأَصِيلًا
And remember the Name of your Lord every morning and afternoon.
meaning, at the beginning of the day and at its end.
وَمِنَ اللَّيۡلِ فَاسۡجُدۡ لَهُ وَسَبِّحۡهُ لَيۡلً طَوِيلً
And during the night, prostrate yourself to Him, and glorify Him a long night through.
This is similar to Allah's statement,
وَمِنَ الَّيۡلِ فَتَهَجَّدۡ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَى أَن يَبۡعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَاماً مَّحۡمُودًا
And in some parts of the night offer the Salah with it (the Qur'an), as an additional prayer (Tajhajjud) for you. It may be that you Lord will raise you to Maqam Mahmud. (17:79)
Similarly, Allah also says,
يأَيُّهَا الۡمُزَّمِّلُ
قُمِ الَّيۡلَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلً
نِّصۡفَهُ أَوِ انقُصۡ مِنۡهُ قَلِيلً
أَوۡ زِدۡ عَلَيۡهِ وَرَتِّلِ الۡقُرۡءَانَ تَرۡتِيلً
O you wrapped!
Stand all night, except a little.
Half of it or a little less than that,
or a little more. And recite the Qur'an Tartil. (73:1-4)
The Censure of Love for the World and informing about the Day of the Final Return
Allah reprimands the disbelievers and those similar to them who love the world and are devoted and dedicated to it, who put the abode of the Hereafter behind them in disregard. He says;
إِنَّ هَوُلَاء يُحِبُّونَ الۡعَاجِلَةَ وَيَذَرُونَ وَرَاءهُمۡ يَوۡمًا ثَقِيلً
Verily, these love the present life of this world, and put behind them a heavy Day.
meaning, the Day of Judgement.
Then Allah says
نَحۡنُ خَلَقۡنَاهُمۡ وَشَدَدۡنَا أَسۡرَهُمۡ
It is We Who created them, and We have made them of strong build.
Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and others have said,
This means their creation.
وَإِذَا شِيۡنَا بَدَّلۡنَا أَمۡثَالَهُمۡ تَبۡدِيلًإ
And when We will, We can replace them with others like them with a complete replacement.
meaning, `when We wish, We will resurrect them on the Day of Judgement and change them, repeating their creation in a new form.'
Here the beginning of their creation is a proof for the repetition of their creation.
Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir both said,
وَإِذَا شِيۡنَا بَدَّلۡنَا أَمۡثَالَهُمۡ تَبۡدِيلًإ
(And when We will, We can replace them with others like them with a complete replacement.)
This means, if We wish We can bring another group of people besides them (in their place).
This is like Allah's statement,
إِن يَشَأۡ يُذۡهِبۡكُمۡ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَيَأۡتِ بِـاخَرِينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذلِكَ قَدِيراً
If He wills, He can take you away, O people, and bring others. And Allah is capable over that. (4:133)
This is also like His statement,
إِن يَشَأۡ يُذۡهِبۡكُـمۡ وَيَأۡتِ بِخَلۡقٍ جَدِيدٍ وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ
If He wills, He can remove you and bring a new creation! And for Allah that is not hard or difficult. (14:19-20)
The Qur'an is a Reminder, and Guidance comes from the Help of Allah
Allah then says
إِنَّ هَذِهِ تَذۡكِرَةٌ
Verily, this is an admonition,
meaning, this Surah is a reminder.
فَمَن شَاء اتَّخَذَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ سَبِيلً
so whosoever wills, let him take a path to his Lord.
meaning, a path and a way.
This means, whoever wishes to be guided by the Qur'an.
This is similar to Allah's statement,
وَمَاذَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ لَوۡ ءَامَنُواۡ بِاللَّهِ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الاٌّخِرِ
And what loss have they if they had believed in Allah and in the Last Day. (4:39)
Then Allah says
وَمَا تَشَاوُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَاء اللَّهُ
But you cannot will, unless Allah wills.
meaning, no one is able to guide himself, enter into faith or bring about any benefit for himself,
إِلاَّ أَن يَشَاء اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
Unless Allah wills. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.
meaning, He is Most Knowledgeable of who deserves to be guided. So, He makes guidance easy for him and He predestines for him that which will be a cause for it.
However, whoever deserves misguidance, He averts guidance from him. Unto Him belongs the most excellent wisdom and the most irrefutable argument.
Thus, He says,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.
Then He says,
يُدۡخِلُ مَن يَشَاء فِي رَحۡمَتِهِ
وَالظَّالِمِينَ أَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
He will admit to His mercy whom He wills and as for the wrongdoers -- He has prepared a painful torment.
meaning, He guides whomever He wishes and He leads astray whomever He wishes.
Whoever He guides, there is no one who can lead him astray; and whoever He leads astray, there is no one who can guide him.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Dahr. And all praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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