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Ayah
Word by Word
فَٱصۡبِرۡ
So be patient
لِحُكۡمِ
for (the) Command
رَبِّكَ
(of) your Lord
وَلَا
and (do) not
تُطِعۡ
obey
مِنۡهُمۡ
from them
ءَاثِمًا
any sinner
أَوۡ
or
كَفُورٗا
disbeliever
فَٱصۡبِرۡ
So be patient
لِحُكۡمِ
for (the) Command
رَبِّكَ
(of) your Lord
وَلَا
and (do) not
تُطِعۡ
obey
مِنۡهُمۡ
from them
ءَاثِمًا
any sinner
أَوۡ
or
كَفُورٗا
disbeliever
Translation
Therefore be patient with constancy to the Command of thy Lord, and hearken not to the sinner or the ingrate among them.
Tafsir
So submit patiently to your Lord's decree, to you to deliver His Message, and do not obey of them, that is, [of] the disbelievers, any sinner or disbeliever, namely, 'Utba ibn Rabee'a and al-Waleed ibn al-Mugheera - both of whom said to the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, 'Abandon this affair of yours!'; it is also possible that what is meant is every sinner or disbeliever, in other words, 'Do not obey any of these, whichever of the two he may be, in what he may summon you to of sin or disbelief'.
Mention of the Qur'an's Revelation and the Command to be Patient and remember Allah
Allah reminds His Messenger,
إِنَّا نَحۡنُ نَزَّلۡنَا عَلَيۡكَ الۡقُرۡانَ تَنزِيلً
Verily, it is We Who have sent down the Qur'an to you by stages.
Allah reminds His Messenger of how He blessed him by revealing the Magnificent Qur'an to him
فَاصۡبِرۡ لِحُكۡمِ رَبِّكَ
Therefore be patient with constancy to the command of your Lord.,
meaning, `just as you have been honored by what has been revealed to you, then be patient with His decree and decision and know that He will handle your affairs in a good manner.'
وَلَا تُطِعۡ مِنۡهُمۡ اثِمًا أَوۡ كَفُورًا
And obey neither a sinner (Athim) nor a disbeliever (Kafur) among them.
meaning, `do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites if they wish to deter you from what has been revealed to you. Rather convey that which has been revealed to you from your Lord and put your trust in Allah, for verily, Allah will protect you from the people.'
The Athim is the sinner in his deeds and the Kafur is the disbeliever in his heart.
وَاذۡكُرِ اسۡمَ رَبِّكَ بُكۡرَةً وَأَصِيلًا
And remember the Name of your Lord every morning and afternoon.
meaning, at the beginning of the day and at its end.
وَمِنَ اللَّيۡلِ فَاسۡجُدۡ لَهُ وَسَبِّحۡهُ لَيۡلً طَوِيلً
And during the night, prostrate yourself to Him, and glorify Him a long night through.
This is similar to Allah's statement,
وَمِنَ الَّيۡلِ فَتَهَجَّدۡ بِهِ نَافِلَةً لَّكَ عَسَى أَن يَبۡعَثَكَ رَبُّكَ مَقَاماً مَّحۡمُودًا
And in some parts of the night offer the Salah with it (the Qur'an), as an additional prayer (Tajhajjud) for you. It may be that you Lord will raise you to Maqam Mahmud. (17:79)
Similarly, Allah also says,
يأَيُّهَا الۡمُزَّمِّلُ
قُمِ الَّيۡلَ إِلاَّ قَلِيلً
نِّصۡفَهُ أَوِ انقُصۡ مِنۡهُ قَلِيلً
أَوۡ زِدۡ عَلَيۡهِ وَرَتِّلِ الۡقُرۡءَانَ تَرۡتِيلً
O you wrapped!
Stand all night, except a little.
Half of it or a little less than that,
or a little more. And recite the Qur'an Tartil. (73:1-4)
The Censure of Love for the World and informing about the Day of the Final Return
Allah reprimands the disbelievers and those similar to them who love the world and are devoted and dedicated to it, who put the abode of the Hereafter behind them in disregard. He says;
إِنَّ هَوُلَاء يُحِبُّونَ الۡعَاجِلَةَ وَيَذَرُونَ وَرَاءهُمۡ يَوۡمًا ثَقِيلً
Verily, these love the present life of this world, and put behind them a heavy Day.
meaning, the Day of Judgement.
Then Allah says
نَحۡنُ خَلَقۡنَاهُمۡ وَشَدَدۡنَا أَسۡرَهُمۡ
It is We Who created them, and We have made them of strong build.
Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and others have said,
This means their creation.
وَإِذَا شِيۡنَا بَدَّلۡنَا أَمۡثَالَهُمۡ تَبۡدِيلًإ
And when We will, We can replace them with others like them with a complete replacement.
meaning, `when We wish, We will resurrect them on the Day of Judgement and change them, repeating their creation in a new form.'
Here the beginning of their creation is a proof for the repetition of their creation.
Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir both said,
وَإِذَا شِيۡنَا بَدَّلۡنَا أَمۡثَالَهُمۡ تَبۡدِيلًإ
(And when We will, We can replace them with others like them with a complete replacement.)
This means, if We wish We can bring another group of people besides them (in their place).
This is like Allah's statement,
إِن يَشَأۡ يُذۡهِبۡكُمۡ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ وَيَأۡتِ بِـاخَرِينَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَلَى ذلِكَ قَدِيراً
If He wills, He can take you away, O people, and bring others. And Allah is capable over that. (4:133)
This is also like His statement,
إِن يَشَأۡ يُذۡهِبۡكُـمۡ وَيَأۡتِ بِخَلۡقٍ جَدِيدٍ وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ
If He wills, He can remove you and bring a new creation! And for Allah that is not hard or difficult. (14:19-20)
The Qur'an is a Reminder, and Guidance comes from the Help of Allah
Allah then says
إِنَّ هَذِهِ تَذۡكِرَةٌ
Verily, this is an admonition,
meaning, this Surah is a reminder.
فَمَن شَاء اتَّخَذَ إِلَى رَبِّهِ سَبِيلً
so whosoever wills, let him take a path to his Lord.
meaning, a path and a way.
This means, whoever wishes to be guided by the Qur'an.
This is similar to Allah's statement,
وَمَاذَا عَلَيۡهِمۡ لَوۡ ءَامَنُواۡ بِاللَّهِ وَالۡيَوۡمِ الاٌّخِرِ
And what loss have they if they had believed in Allah and in the Last Day. (4:39)
Then Allah says
وَمَا تَشَاوُونَ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَاء اللَّهُ
But you cannot will, unless Allah wills.
meaning, no one is able to guide himself, enter into faith or bring about any benefit for himself,
إِلاَّ أَن يَشَاء اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
Unless Allah wills. Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.
meaning, He is Most Knowledgeable of who deserves to be guided. So, He makes guidance easy for him and He predestines for him that which will be a cause for it.
However, whoever deserves misguidance, He averts guidance from him. Unto Him belongs the most excellent wisdom and the most irrefutable argument.
Thus, He says,
إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًا
Verily, Allah is Ever All-Knowing, All-Wise.
Then He says,
يُدۡخِلُ مَن يَشَاء فِي رَحۡمَتِهِ
وَالظَّالِمِينَ أَعَدَّ لَهُمۡ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًا
He will admit to His mercy whom He wills and as for the wrongdoers -- He has prepared a painful torment.
meaning, He guides whomever He wishes and He leads astray whomever He wishes.
Whoever He guides, there is no one who can lead him astray; and whoever He leads astray, there is no one who can guide him.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah Al-Dahr. And all praise and thanks are due to Allah.
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