Ayah

Word by Word
إِنَّ
Indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
يَعۡلَمُ
knows
أَنَّكَ
that you
تَقُومُ
stand
أَدۡنَىٰ
a little less
مِن
than
ثُلُثَيِ
two thirds
ٱلَّيۡلِ
(of) the night
وَنِصۡفَهُۥ
and half of it
وَثُلُثَهُۥ
and a third of it
وَطَآئِفَةٞ
and (so do) a group
مِّنَ
of
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
مَعَكَۚ
(are) with you
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
يُقَدِّرُ
determines
ٱلَّيۡلَ
the night
وَٱلنَّهَارَۚ
and the day
عَلِمَ
He knows
أَن
that
لَّن
not
تُحۡصُوهُ
you count it
فَتَابَ
so He has turned
عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ
to you
فَٱقۡرَءُواْ
so recite
مَا
what
تَيَسَّرَ
is easy
مِنَ
of
ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِۚ
the Quran
عَلِمَ
He knows
أَن
that
سَيَكُونُ
there will be
مِنكُم
among you
مَّرۡضَىٰ
sick
وَءَاخَرُونَ
and others
يَضۡرِبُونَ
traveling
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the land
يَبۡتَغُونَ
seeking
مِن
of
فَضۡلِ
(the) Bounty
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
وَءَاخَرُونَ
and others
يُقَٰتِلُونَ
fighting
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِۖ
(of) Allah
فَٱقۡرَءُواْ
So recite
مَا
what
تَيَسَّرَ
is easy
مِنۡهُۚ
of it
وَأَقِيمُواْ
and establish
ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
the prayer
وَءَاتُواْ
and give
ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ
the zakah
وَأَقۡرِضُواْ
and loan
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
قَرۡضًا
a loan
حَسَنٗاۚ
goodly
وَمَا
And whatever
تُقَدِّمُواْ
you send forth
لِأَنفُسِكُم
for yourselves
مِّنۡ
of
خَيۡرٖ
good
تَجِدُوهُ
you will find it
عِندَ
with
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
هُوَ
It
خَيۡرٗا
(is) better
وَأَعۡظَمَ
and greater
أَجۡرٗاۚ
(in) reward
وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ
And seek forgiveness
ٱللَّهَۖ
(of) Allah
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
غَفُورٞ
(is) Oft-Forgiving
رَّحِيمُۢ
Most Merciful
إِنَّ
Indeed
رَبَّكَ
your Lord
يَعۡلَمُ
knows
أَنَّكَ
that you
تَقُومُ
stand
أَدۡنَىٰ
a little less
مِن
than
ثُلُثَيِ
two thirds
ٱلَّيۡلِ
(of) the night
وَنِصۡفَهُۥ
and half of it
وَثُلُثَهُۥ
and a third of it
وَطَآئِفَةٞ
and (so do) a group
مِّنَ
of
ٱلَّذِينَ
those who
مَعَكَۚ
(are) with you
وَٱللَّهُ
And Allah
يُقَدِّرُ
determines
ٱلَّيۡلَ
the night
وَٱلنَّهَارَۚ
and the day
عَلِمَ
He knows
أَن
that
لَّن
not
تُحۡصُوهُ
you count it
فَتَابَ
so He has turned
عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ
to you
فَٱقۡرَءُواْ
so recite
مَا
what
تَيَسَّرَ
is easy
مِنَ
of
ٱلۡقُرۡءَانِۚ
the Quran
عَلِمَ
He knows
أَن
that
سَيَكُونُ
there will be
مِنكُم
among you
مَّرۡضَىٰ
sick
وَءَاخَرُونَ
and others
يَضۡرِبُونَ
traveling
فِي
in
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the land
يَبۡتَغُونَ
seeking
مِن
of
فَضۡلِ
(the) Bounty
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
وَءَاخَرُونَ
and others
يُقَٰتِلُونَ
fighting
فِي
in
سَبِيلِ
(the) way
ٱللَّهِۖ
(of) Allah
فَٱقۡرَءُواْ
So recite
مَا
what
تَيَسَّرَ
is easy
مِنۡهُۚ
of it
وَأَقِيمُواْ
and establish
ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ
the prayer
وَءَاتُواْ
and give
ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ
the zakah
وَأَقۡرِضُواْ
and loan
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
قَرۡضًا
a loan
حَسَنٗاۚ
goodly
وَمَا
And whatever
تُقَدِّمُواْ
you send forth
لِأَنفُسِكُم
for yourselves
مِّنۡ
of
خَيۡرٖ
good
تَجِدُوهُ
you will find it
عِندَ
with
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
هُوَ
It
خَيۡرٗا
(is) better
وَأَعۡظَمَ
and greater
أَجۡرٗاۚ
(in) reward
وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرُواْ
And seek forgiveness
ٱللَّهَۖ
(of) Allah
إِنَّ
Indeed
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
غَفُورٞ
(is) Oft-Forgiving
رَّحِيمُۢ
Most Merciful

Translation

Thy Lord doth know that thou standest forth (to prayer) nigh two-thirds of the night, or half the night, or a third of the night, and so doth a party of those with thee. But Allah doth appoint night and day in due measure He knoweth that ye are unable to keep count thereof. So He hath turned to you (in mercy): read ye, therefore, of the Qur'an as much as may be easy for you. He knoweth that there may be (some) among you in ill-health; others travelling through the land, seeking of Allah's bounty; yet others fighting in Allah's Cause, read ye, therefore, as much of the Qur'an as may be easy (for you); and establish regular Prayer and give regular Charity; and loan to Allah a Beautiful Loan. And whatever good ye send forth for your souls ye shall find it in Allah's Presence,- yea, better and greater, in Reward and seek ye the Grace of Allah: for Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

Tafsir

Assuredly your Lord knows that you stand vigil less than two thirds of the night, or [at times] a half of it or a third of it (if read wa-nisfihi wa-thuluthihi, then these constitute a supplement to thuluthay, 'two thirds'; if read wa-nisfahu wa-thuluthahu, then a supplement to adnaa, 'less than') - his keeping vigil in the way mentioned is in accordance with what was enjoined on him at the beginning of this soora - along with a group of those with you (wa-taa'ifatun mina'lladheena ma'aka constitutes a supplement to the subject [of the verb] taqoomu, 'you stand vigil', but it may also constitute, although it is not certain, a separating clause). The keeping vigil by some of his companions in this way indicates their emulation of him. Some of them could not tell how much of the night they had spent in prayer and how much of it had remained, and would therefore keep vigil all night as a precaution; and so they used to keep vigil [in this way] for a whole year or more with their feet swollen, until God alleviated matters for them. He, exalted be He, says: and God keeps measures, He keeps count of, the night and the day. He knows that (an: softened in place of the hardened form, its subject having been omitted, that is to say, annahu) you will not be able to keep count of it, that is, the [length of the] night, so that you may perform the vigil at the time in which it is required unless you stay up all night, which is hard on you, and so He has relented to you, making you revert to what is easier. So recite as much as is feasible of Al-Qur'an, during prayer, by performing as much prayer as is feasible. He knows that (an: softened in place of the hardened form, that is to say, annahu) some of you will be sick, while others will be travelling in the land, seeking the bounty of God, seeking of His provision through commerce and otherwise, and others will be fighting in the way of God: for each of the three groups mentioned the keeping of nightly vigil is hard, and so God has alleviated things for them by [enjoining on them] what is feasible. Later this was abrogated by the five [daily] prayers. So recite as much as is feasible of it (as [explained] above) and perform, obligatory, prayer and pay alms and lend God, by expending in the way of good in addition to what is due from your wealth [as alms], a goodly loan, out of the goodness of [your] hearts. For whatever good you send ahead for [the sake of] your souls, you will find that, with God, it will be better, than what you left behind (huwa khayran: huwa is for separation; what follows it [khayran, 'better'] is comparable to a definite, even if it is not [actually] so, on account of the impossibility of it being given [the al- of] definition) and greater in terms of reward. And seek forgiveness from God; assuredly God

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