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Ayah

Word by Word
وَلَوۡ
And if
شِئۡنَا
We willed
لَرَفَعۡنَٰهُ
surely We (could) have raised him
بِهَا
with these
وَلَٰكِنَّهُۥٓ
[and] but he
أَخۡلَدَ
adhered
إِلَى
to
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the earth
وَٱتَّبَعَ
and followed
هَوَىٰهُۚ
his (vain) desires
فَمَثَلُهُۥ
So his example
كَمَثَلِ
(is) like (the) example
ٱلۡكَلۡبِ
(of) the dog
إِن
if
تَحۡمِلۡ
you attack
عَلَيۡهِ
[on] him
يَلۡهَثۡ
he lolls out his tongue
أَوۡ
or
تَتۡرُكۡهُ
if you leave him
يَلۡهَثۚ
he lolls out his tongue
ذَّـٰلِكَ
That
مَثَلُ
(is the) example
ٱلۡقَوۡمِ
(of) the people
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
كَذَّبُواْ
denied
بِـَٔايَٰتِنَاۚ
[in] Our Signs
فَٱقۡصُصِ
So relate
ٱلۡقَصَصَ
the story
لَعَلَّهُمۡ
so that they may
يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
reflect
وَلَوۡ
And if
شِئۡنَا
We willed
لَرَفَعۡنَٰهُ
surely We (could) have raised him
بِهَا
with these
وَلَٰكِنَّهُۥٓ
[and] but he
أَخۡلَدَ
adhered
إِلَى
to
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
the earth
وَٱتَّبَعَ
and followed
هَوَىٰهُۚ
his (vain) desires
فَمَثَلُهُۥ
So his example
كَمَثَلِ
(is) like (the) example
ٱلۡكَلۡبِ
(of) the dog
إِن
if
تَحۡمِلۡ
you attack
عَلَيۡهِ
[on] him
يَلۡهَثۡ
he lolls out his tongue
أَوۡ
or
تَتۡرُكۡهُ
if you leave him
يَلۡهَثۚ
he lolls out his tongue
ذَّـٰلِكَ
That
مَثَلُ
(is the) example
ٱلۡقَوۡمِ
(of) the people
ٱلَّذِينَ
who
كَذَّبُواْ
denied
بِـَٔايَٰتِنَاۚ
[in] Our Signs
فَٱقۡصُصِ
So relate
ٱلۡقَصَصَ
the story
لَعَلَّهُمۡ
so that they may
يَتَفَكَّرُونَ
reflect

Translation

And if We had willed, We could have elevated him thereby,1 but he adhered [instead] to the earth2 and followed his own desire. So his example is like that of the dog: if you chase him, he pants, or if you leave him, he [still] pants. That is the example of the people who denied Our signs.3 So relate the stories that perhaps they will give thought.
Footnotes
1 i.e., through the revelations, signs or evidences of which he had been given knowledge.
2 i.e., its worldly pleasures.
3 Whether or not they have been exposed to Allāh's signs or warnings, it is all the same: they will not believe.

Tafsir

And had We willed, We would have raised him up, to the ranks of the scholars, thereby, by facilitating his way to [good] deeds; but he was disposed to, at peace [in], the earth - that is, this world - and inclined to it, and followed his whims, by calling [others] to them, and so We abased him. Therefore his likeness, his description, is as the likeness of a dog: if you attack it, by driving it away or curbing it, it lolls its tongue out, and if you leave it, it lolls its tongue out, and no other animal is like it in this way (both conditional sentences constitute a circumstantial qualifier, that is to say, it has its tongue lolling out despicably in all circumstances. The purpose here is to point out the similarity [between the one who follows his whims and a dog] in terms of condition and vileness, judging by the [contextualising] faa' [of fa-mathaluhu, 'therefore his likeness'], which relates what comes after it to what came before it in the way of 'inclining towards this world and following whims', and judging by God's saying: That, likeness, is the likeness of those people who deny Our signs. So recount the tale, to the Jews, that they might reflect, upon it and so believe.

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