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Ayah
Word by Word
ضَرَبَ
Presents
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَثَلٗا
an example
لِّلَّذِينَ
for those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
ٱمۡرَأَتَ
(the) wife
نُوحٖ
(of) Nuh
وَٱمۡرَأَتَ
(and the) wife
لُوطٖۖ
(of) Lut
كَانَتَا
They were
تَحۡتَ
under
عَبۡدَيۡنِ
two [slaves]
مِنۡ
of
عِبَادِنَا
Our slaves
صَٰلِحَيۡنِ
righteous
فَخَانَتَاهُمَا
but they both betrayed them
فَلَمۡ
so not
يُغۡنِيَا
they availed
عَنۡهُمَا
both of them
مِنَ
from
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
شَيۡـٔٗا
(in) anything
وَقِيلَ
and it was said
ٱدۡخُلَا
Enter
ٱلنَّارَ
the Fire
مَعَ
with
ٱلدَّـٰخِلِينَ
those who enter
ضَرَبَ
Presents
ٱللَّهُ
Allah
مَثَلٗا
an example
لِّلَّذِينَ
for those who
كَفَرُواْ
disbelieved
ٱمۡرَأَتَ
(the) wife
نُوحٖ
(of) Nuh
وَٱمۡرَأَتَ
(and the) wife
لُوطٖۖ
(of) Lut
كَانَتَا
They were
تَحۡتَ
under
عَبۡدَيۡنِ
two [slaves]
مِنۡ
of
عِبَادِنَا
Our slaves
صَٰلِحَيۡنِ
righteous
فَخَانَتَاهُمَا
but they both betrayed them
فَلَمۡ
so not
يُغۡنِيَا
they availed
عَنۡهُمَا
both of them
مِنَ
from
ٱللَّهِ
Allah
شَيۡـٔٗا
(in) anything
وَقِيلَ
and it was said
ٱدۡخُلَا
Enter
ٱلنَّارَ
the Fire
مَعَ
with
ٱلدَّـٰخِلِينَ
those who enter
Translation
Allah sets forth, for an example to the Unbelievers, the wife of Noah and the wife of Lut: they were (respectively) under two of our righteous servants, but they were false to their (husbands), and they profited nothing before Allah on their account, but were told: "Enter ye the Fire along with (others) that enter!"
Tafsir
God has struck a similitude for those who disbelieve: the wife of Noah and the wife of Lot. They were under two of Our righteous servants, yet they betrayed them, in [their] religion, for they both disbelieved - Noah's wife, called Waahila, used to say to his people that he was a madman, while Lot's wife, called Waa'ila, used to tell his people the whereabouts of his guests when they stayed with him, at night by lighting a fire, and during the day by making smoke. So they, that is, Noah and Lot, did not avail the two women in any way against God, against His chastisement, and it was said, to the two women: 'Enter, both of you, the Hellfire along with the incomers', from among the disbelievers of the peoples of Noah and Lot.
The Disbelievers can cause no Harm to the Believers
Allah gives the parable for believers,
وَضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلً لِّلَّذِينَ امَنُوا اِمۡرَأَةَ فِرۡعَوۡنَ
إِذۡ قَالَتۡ
And Allah has set forth an example for those who believe:
the wife of Fir`awn, when she said:
This is a parable that Allah made of the believers, in that, if they needed to, their association with the disbelievers will not harm them. Allah the Exalted said,
لااَّ يَتَّخِذِ الۡمُوۡمِنُونَ الۡكَـفِرِينَ أَوۡلِيَأءَ مِن دُونِ الۡمُوۡمِنِينَ وَمَن يَفۡعَلۡ ذَلِكَ فَلَيۡسَ مِنَ اللَّهِ فِي شَىۡءٍ إِلَا أَن تَتَّقُواۡ مِنۡهُمۡ تُقَـةً
Let not the believers take the disbelievers as protecting friends instead of the believers, and whoever does that, will never be helped by Allah in any way, except you indeed fear a danger from them. (3:28)
Qatadah said,
Fir`awn was the most tyrannical among the people of the earth and the most disbelieving. By Allah! His wife was not affected by her husband's disbelief, because she obeyed her Lord. Therefore, let it be known that Allah is the Just Judge Who will not punish anyone except for their own sins.
Ibn Jarir recorded that Sulayman said,
The wife of Fir`awn was tortured under the sun and when Fir`awn would finish the torture session, the angels would shade her with their wings. She was shown her house in Paradise.
Ibn Jarir said that Al-Qasim bin Abi Bazzah said,
Fir`awn's wife used to ask, `Who prevailed?'
When she was told, `Musa and Harun prevailed', she said, `I believe in the Lord of Musa and Harun.'
Fir`awn sent his aides to her and said to them, `Find the biggest stone. If she insists on keeping her faith, throw the stone on her, otherwise she is my wife.
When they came to her, she looked up to the sky and was able to see her house in Paradise. She persisted on the faith and her soul was then captured. The stone was thrown on her lifeless body.
This is the meaning of her statement,
رَبِّ ابۡنِ لِي عِندَكَ بَيۡتًا فِي الۡجَنَّةِ
وَنَجِّنِي مِن فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَعَمَلِهِ
My Lord! Build for me a home with You in Paradise, and save me from Fir`awn and his work,
means, `deliver me from him, because I am innocent of his actions,'
وَنَجِّنِي مِنَ الۡقَوۡمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
and save me from the people who are wrongdoers.
Her name was Asiyah bint Muzahim, may Allah be pleased with her.
Allah said
وَمَرۡيَمَ ابۡنَتَ عِمۡرَانَ الَّتِي أَحۡصَنَتۡ فَرۡجَهَا
And Maryam, the daughter of Imran who guarded her chastity (private part).
meaning, who protected and purified her honor, by being chaste and free of immorality,
فَنَفَخۡنَا فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِنَا
And We breathed into it (private part) through Our Ruh,
meaning, through the angel Jibril.
Allah sent the angel Jibril to Maryam, and he came to her in the shape of a man in every respect. Allah commanded him to blow into a gap of her garment and that breath went into her womb through her private part; this is how `Isa was conceived.
This is why Allah said here,
فَنَفَخۡنَا فِيهِ مِن رُّوحِنَا
وَصَدَّقَتۡ بِكَلِمَاتِ رَبِّهَا وَكُتُبِهِ
And We breathed into it through Our Ruh, and she testified to the truth of her Lords Kalimat, and His Kutub,
meaning His decree and His legislation.
وَكَانَتۡ مِنَ الۡقَانِتِينَ
and she was of the Qanitin.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said,
The Messenger of Allah drew four lines on the ground and said,
أَتَدۡرُونَ مَا هَذَا
Do you know what these lines represent?
They said, `Allah and His Messenger know best.'
He said,
أَفۡضَلُ نِسَاءِ أَهۡلِ الۡجَنَّةِ خَدِيجَةُ بِنۡتُ خُوَيۡلِدٍ وَفَاطِمَةُ بِنۡتُ مُحَمَّدٍ وَمَرۡيَمُ ابۡنَةُ عِمۡرَانَ وَاسِيَةُ بِنۡتُ مُزَاحِمٍ امۡرَأَةُ فِرۡعَوۡن
The best among the women of Paradise are
- Khadijah bint Khuwaylid,
- Fatimah bint Muhammad,
- Maryam bint `Imran and
- Asiyah bint Muzahim, wife of Fir`awn.
It is confirmed in the Two Sahihs from Abu Musa Al-Ash`ari that the Messenger of Allah said,
كَمُلَ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ كَثِيرٌ وَلَمۡ يَكۡمُلۡ مِنَ النِّسَاءِ إِلاَّ اسِيَةُ امۡرَأَةُ فِرۡعَوۡنَ وَمَرۡيَمُ ابۡنَةُ عِمۡرَانَ وَخَدِيجَةُ بِنۡتُ خُوَيۡلِدٍ وَإِنَّ فَضۡلَ عَايِشَةَ عَلَى النِّسَاءِ كَفَضۡلِ الثَّرِيدِ عَلَى سَايِرِ الطَّعَام
Many men have reached the level of perfection, but none among women have reached this level except
- Asiyah -- Fir`awn's wife,
- Maryam--the daughter of `Imran, and
- Khadijah--the daughter of Khuwaylid.
And no doubt, the superiority of `A'ishah to other women is like the superiority of Tharid to other meals.
In my book, Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah, I have mentioned these Hadiths using their various chains of narration in relating the story of Prophet `sa and his mother Maryam, peace be upon them, all praise be to Allah.
This is the end of the Tafsir of Surah At-Tahrim, all thanks and praise are due to Allah.
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