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Ayah
Word by Word
أَسۡكِنُوهُنَّ
Lodge them
مِنۡ
from
حَيۡثُ
where
سَكَنتُم
you dwell
مِّن
(out) of
وُجۡدِكُمۡ
your means
وَلَا
and (do) not
تُضَآرُّوهُنَّ
harm them
لِتُضَيِّقُواْ
to distress
عَلَيۡهِنَّۚ
[on] them
وَإِن
And if
كُنَّ
they are
أُوْلَٰتِ
those (who are)
حَمۡلٖ
pregnant
فَأَنفِقُواْ
then spend
عَلَيۡهِنَّ
on them
حَتَّىٰ
until
يَضَعۡنَ
they deliver
حَمۡلَهُنَّۚ
their burden
فَإِنۡ
Then if
أَرۡضَعۡنَ
they suckle
لَكُمۡ
for you
فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ
then give them
أُجُورَهُنَّ
their payment
وَأۡتَمِرُواْ
and consult
بَيۡنَكُم
among yourselves
بِمَعۡرُوفٖۖ
with kindness
وَإِن
but if
تَعَاسَرۡتُمۡ
you disagree
فَسَتُرۡضِعُ
then may suckle
لَهُۥٓ
for him
أُخۡرَىٰ
another (women)
أَسۡكِنُوهُنَّ
Lodge them
مِنۡ
from
حَيۡثُ
where
سَكَنتُم
you dwell
مِّن
(out) of
وُجۡدِكُمۡ
your means
وَلَا
and (do) not
تُضَآرُّوهُنَّ
harm them
لِتُضَيِّقُواْ
to distress
عَلَيۡهِنَّۚ
[on] them
وَإِن
And if
كُنَّ
they are
أُوْلَٰتِ
those (who are)
حَمۡلٖ
pregnant
فَأَنفِقُواْ
then spend
عَلَيۡهِنَّ
on them
حَتَّىٰ
until
يَضَعۡنَ
they deliver
حَمۡلَهُنَّۚ
their burden
فَإِنۡ
Then if
أَرۡضَعۡنَ
they suckle
لَكُمۡ
for you
فَـَٔاتُوهُنَّ
then give them
أُجُورَهُنَّ
their payment
وَأۡتَمِرُواْ
and consult
بَيۡنَكُم
among yourselves
بِمَعۡرُوفٖۖ
with kindness
وَإِن
but if
تَعَاسَرۡتُمۡ
you disagree
فَسَتُرۡضِعُ
then may suckle
لَهُۥٓ
for him
أُخۡرَىٰ
another (women)
Translation
Let the women live (in 'iddat) in the same style as ye live, according to your means: Annoy them not, so as to restrict them. And if they carry (life in their wombs), then spend (your substance) on them until they deliver their burden: and if they suckle your (offspring), give them their recompense: and take mutual counsel together, according to what is just and reasonable. And if ye find yourselves in difficulties, let another woman suckle (the child) on the (father's) behalf.
Tafsir
Lodge them, that is, the divorced women, where you dwell, that is to say, in some part of your dwellings, in accordance with your means (min wujdikum is an explicative supplement, or a substitution of what precedes it with the repetition of the same preposition [min] and with an implied genitive annexation, in other words, [something like] amkinat sa'atikum, '[house them in] the places of your means and not otherwise') and do not harass them so as to put them in straits, with regard to accommodation, such that they would then need to go elsewhere or [be in need of] maintenance [to provide for themselves] so that they [are forced to] ransom themselves from you. And if they are pregnant, then maintain them until they deliver. Then, if they suckle for you, your children [whom you have] from them, give them their wages, for the suckling, and consult together, with them, honourably, with kindness, for the sake of the children, by mutual agreement on a fixed wage for the suckling. But if you both make difficulties, regarding the suckling, with either the father withholding [payment of] the wage or the mother refraining from performing it, then another woman will suckle [the child] for him, for the father, and the mother should not be compelled to suckle it.
The Divorced Woman has the Right to Decent Accommodations, and what is Reasonable
Allah the Exalted orders His faithful servants that when one of them divorces his wife, he should provide housing for her until the end of her `Iddah period,
أَسۡكِنُوهُنَّ مِنۡ حَيۡثُ سَكَنتُم
Lodge them where you dwell,
means, with you,
مِّن وُجۡدِكُمۡ
according to what you have,
Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and several others said, it refers to Your ability.
Qatadah said,
If you can only afford to accommodate her in a corner of your house, then do so.
Forbidding Ill-Treatment of Divorced Women
Allah's statement,
وَلَا تُضَارُّوهُنَّ لِتُضَيِّقُوا عَلَيۡهِنَّ
and do not harm them in order to suppress them.
Muqatil bin Hayyan said,
meaning, do not annoy her to force her to pay her way out nor expel her from your house.
Ath-Thawri said from Mansur, from Abu Ad-Duha:
He divorces her, and when a few days remain, he takes her back.
The Irrevocable Divorced Pregnant Woman has the Right of Support (Maintenance) from Her Husband until She gives Birth
Allah said,
وَإِن كُنَّ أُولَاإتِ حَمۡلٍ فَأَنفِقُوا عَلَيۡهِنَّ حَتَّى يَضَعۡنَ حَمۡلَهُنَّ
And if they are pregnant, then spend on them till they lay down their burden.
This is about the woman who is irrevocably divorced. If she is pregnant, then she is to be spent on her until she lays down her burden.
This is supported due to the fact that if she is revocably divorced, then she has the right to receive her support (maintenance) whether she is pregnant or not.
The Divorced Mother may take Compensation for suckling Her Child
Allah said,
فَإِنۡ أَرۡضَعۡنَ لَكُمۡ
Then if they suckle them for you,
meaning, when pregnant women give birth and they are irrevocably divorced by the expiration of the `Iddah, then at that time they may either suckle the child or not. But that is only after she nourishes him with the milk, that is the early on milk which the infant's well-being depends upon. Then, if she suckles, she has the right to compensation for it. She is allowed to enter into a contract with the father or his representative in return for whatever payment they agree to.
This is why Allah the Exalted said,
فَإِنۡ أَرۡضَعۡنَ لَكُمۡ فَأتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ
Then if they suckle the children for you, give them their due payment,
Allah said,
وَأۡتَمِرُوا بَيۡنَكُم بِمَعۡرُوفٍ
and let each of you deal with each other in a mannerly way.
meaning, the affairs of the divorced couple should be managed in a just way without causing harm to either one of them, just as Allah the Exalted said in Surah Al-Baqarah,
لَا تُضَأرَّ وَلِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِهَا وَلَا مَوۡلُودٌ لَّهُ بِوَلَدِهِ
No mother shall be treated unfairly on account of her child, nor father on account of child. (2:233)
Allah said,
وَإِن تَعَاسَرۡتُمۡ فَسَتُرۡضِعُ لَهُ أُخۡرَى
But if you make difficulties for one another, then some other woman may suckle for him.
meaning, if the divorced couple disagrees, because the woman asks for an unreasonable fee for suckling their child, and the father refuses to pay the amount or offers an unreasonable amount, he may find another woman to suckle his child.
If the mother agrees to accept the amount that was to be paid to the woman who agreed to suckle the child, then she has more right to suckle her own child.
Allah's statement
لِيُنفِقۡ ذُو سَعَةٍ مِّن سَعَتِهِ
Let the rich man spend according to his means;
means, the wealthy father or his representative should spend on the child according to his means,
وَمَن قُدِرَ عَلَيۡهِ رِزۡقُهُ فَلۡيُنفِقۡ مِمَّا اتَاهُ اللَّهُ لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفۡسًا إِلاَّ مَا اتَاهَا
and the man whose resources are restricted, let him spend according to what Allah has given him. Allah puts no burden on any person beyond what He has given him.
This is as Allah said,
لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفۡسًا إِلااَّ وُسۡعَهَا
Allah does not burden a person beyond what He can bear. (2:286)
A Story of a Woman who had Taqwa
Allah's statement;
سَيَجۡعَلُ اللَّهُ بَعۡدَ عُسۡرٍ يُسۡرًا
Allah will grant after hardship, ease.
This is a sure promise from Him, and indeed, Allah's promises are true and He never breaks them,
This is an Allah's saying;
فَإِنَّ مَعَ الۡعُسۡرِ يُسۡراً
إِنَّ مَعَ الۡعُسۡرِ يُسۡراً
Verily, along with every hardship is relief. Verily, along with every hardship is relief. (94:5-6)
There is a relevant Hadith that we should mention here.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said,
A man and his wife from an earlier generation were poor. Once when the man came back from a journey, he went to his wife saying to her, while feeling hunger and fatigued, `Do you have anything to eat'
She said, `Yes, receive the good news of Allah's provisions.'
He again said to her, `If you have anything to eat, bring it to me.'
She said, `Wait a little longer.'
She was awaiting Allah's mercy. When the matter was prolonged, he said to her, `Get up and bring me whatever you have to eat, because I am real hungry and fatigued.'
She said, `I will. Soon I will open the oven's cover, so do not be hasty.'
When he was busy and refrained from insisting for a while, she said to herself, `I should look in my oven.'
So she got up and looked in her oven and found it full of the meat of a lamb, and her mortar and pestle was full of seed grains; it was crushing the seeds on its own. So, she took out what was in the mortar and pestle, after shaking it to remove everything from inside, and also took the meat out that she found in the oven.
Abu Hurayrah added,
By He in Whose Hand is the life of Abu Al-Qasim (Prophet Muhammad)! This is the same statement that Muhammad said,
لَوۡ أَخَذَتۡ مَا فِي رَحۡيَيۡهَا وَلَمۡ تَنۡفُضۡهَا لَطَحَنَتۡهَا إِلى يَوۡمِ الۡقِيَامَة
Had she taken out what was in her mortar and not emptied it fully by shaking it, it would have continued crushing the seeds until the Day of Resurrection.
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