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Ayah
Word by Word
وَمَا
And (did) not
قَدَرُواْ
they appraise
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
حَقَّ
(with) true
قَدۡرِهِۦٓ
[of his] appraisal
إِذۡ
when
قَالُواْ
they said
مَآ
Not
أَنزَلَ
revealed
ٱللَّهُ
(by) Allah
عَلَىٰ
on
بَشَرٖ
a human being
مِّن
[of]
شَيۡءٖۗ
anything
قُلۡ
Say
مَنۡ
Who
أَنزَلَ
revealed
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
ٱلَّذِي
which
جَآءَ
brought
بِهِۦ
[it]
مُوسَىٰ
Musa
نُورٗا
(as) a light
وَهُدٗى
and guidance
لِّلنَّاسِۖ
for the people
تَجۡعَلُونَهُۥ
You make it
قَرَاطِيسَ
(into) parchments
تُبۡدُونَهَا
you disclose (some of) it
وَتُخۡفُونَ
and you conceal
كَثِيرٗاۖ
much (of it)
وَعُلِّمۡتُم
And you were taught
مَّا
what
لَمۡ
not
تَعۡلَمُوٓاْ
knew
أَنتُمۡ
you
وَلَآ
and not
ءَابَآؤُكُمۡۖ
your forefathers
قُلِ
Say
ٱللَّهُۖ
Allah (revealed it)
ثُمَّ
Then
ذَرۡهُمۡ
leave them
فِي
in
خَوۡضِهِمۡ
their discourse
يَلۡعَبُونَ
playing
وَمَا
And (did) not
قَدَرُواْ
they appraise
ٱللَّهَ
Allah
حَقَّ
(with) true
قَدۡرِهِۦٓ
[of his] appraisal
إِذۡ
when
قَالُواْ
they said
مَآ
Not
أَنزَلَ
revealed
ٱللَّهُ
(by) Allah
عَلَىٰ
on
بَشَرٖ
a human being
مِّن
[of]
شَيۡءٖۗ
anything
قُلۡ
Say
مَنۡ
Who
أَنزَلَ
revealed
ٱلۡكِتَٰبَ
the Book
ٱلَّذِي
which
جَآءَ
brought
بِهِۦ
[it]
مُوسَىٰ
Musa
نُورٗا
(as) a light
وَهُدٗى
and guidance
لِّلنَّاسِۖ
for the people
تَجۡعَلُونَهُۥ
You make it
قَرَاطِيسَ
(into) parchments
تُبۡدُونَهَا
you disclose (some of) it
وَتُخۡفُونَ
and you conceal
كَثِيرٗاۖ
much (of it)
وَعُلِّمۡتُم
And you were taught
مَّا
what
لَمۡ
not
تَعۡلَمُوٓاْ
knew
أَنتُمۡ
you
وَلَآ
and not
ءَابَآؤُكُمۡۖ
your forefathers
قُلِ
Say
ٱللَّهُۖ
Allah (revealed it)
ثُمَّ
Then
ذَرۡهُمۡ
leave them
فِي
in
خَوۡضِهِمۡ
their discourse
يَلۡعَبُونَ
playing
Translation
No just estimate of Allah do they make when they say: "Nothing doth Allah send down to man (by way of revelation)" Say: "Who then sent down the Book which Moses brought?- a light and guidance to man: But ye make it into (separate) sheets for show, while ye conceal much (of its contents): therein were ye taught that which ye knew not- neither ye nor your fathers." Say: "Allah (sent it down)": Then leave them to plunge in vain discourse and trifling.
Tafsir
They, that is, the Jews, measured not God with His true measure, that is, they have not extended Him the grandeur that truly befits Him, or [it means] they have not attained the true knowledge of Him, when they said, to the Prophet may peace and salutation be upon him, disputing with him about Al-Qur'an: 'God has not revealed anything to any mortal.' Say, to them: 'Who revealed the Book which Moses brought, a light and guidance for mankind? You put it (in all three instances [the verbs may be] read either in the third person plural [yaj'aloonahu, 'they put it'; yubdoonahaa, 'they reveal it'; wa-yukhfoona, 'and they hide'] or in the second person plural [taj'aloonahu, 'you put it'; tubdoonahaa, 'you reveal it'; wa-tukhfoona, 'and you hide']) on parchments, that is, you write it down on fragments of notes, which you disclose, that is, what you choose to disclose thereof, but you hide much, of what is in them, as in [the case of] the descriptions of Muhammad may peace and salutation be upon him; and you have been taught, O Jews, in Al-Qur'an, what you did not know, neither you nor your fathers', in the Torah, through the elucidation therein of what you were confused about and in disagreement over. Say: 'God', revealed it - and if they do not say it, there is no other response - then leave them to play in their discourse, their falsehood.
The Messenger is but a Human to Whom the Book was Revealed by Inspiration
Allah says;
وَمَا قَدَرُواۡ اللّهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهِ إِذۡ قَالُواۡ
They did not estimate Allah with an estimation due to Him when they said:
Allah says that those who rejected His Messengers did not give Allah due consideration.
Ibn Abbas, Mujahid and Abdullah bin Kathir said that;
this Ayah was revealed about the Quraysh.
It was also said that it was revealed about some Jews.
مَا أَنزَلَ اللّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِّن شَيۡءٍ
(They said):Nothing did Allah send down to any human being (by inspiration).
Allah also, said,
أَكَانَ لِلنَّاسِ عَجَبًا أَنۡ أَوۡحَيۡنَأ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِّنۡهُمۡ أَنۡ أَنذِرِ النَّاسَ
Is it a wonder for mankind that We have inspired to a man from among themselves (saying):Warn mankind. (10:2)
and,
وَمَا مَنَعَ النَّاسَ أَن يُوۡمِنُواۡ إِذۡ جَأءَهُمُ الۡهُدَى إِلاَّ أَن قَالُواۡ أَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ بَشَرًا رَّسُولاً
قُل لَوۡ كَانَ فِى الاٌّرۡضِ مَلَـيِكَةٌ يَمۡشُونَ مُطۡمَيِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلۡنَا عَلَيۡهِم مِّنَ السَّمَأءِ مَلَكًا رَّسُولاً
And nothing prevented men from believing when the guidance came to them, except that they said:Has Allah sent a man as Messenger!
Say:If there were on the earth, angels walking about in peace and security, We should certainly have sent down for them from the heaven an angel as a Messenger. (17:94-95)
Allah said here,
وَمَا قَدَرُواۡ اللّهَ حَقَّ قَدۡرِهِ إِذۡ قَالُواۡ مَا أَنزَلَ اللّهُ عَلَى بَشَرٍ مِّن شَيۡءٍ
They did not estimate Allah with an estimation due to Him when they said:Nothing did Allah send down to any human being (by inspiration).
Allah answered them,
قُلۡ مَنۡ أَنزَلَ الۡكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاء بِهِ مُوسَى نُورًا وَهُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ
Say :Who then sent down the Book which Musa brought, a light and a guidance to mankind!
meaning, say, O Muhammad, to those who deny the concept that Allah sent down Books by revelation, answering them specifically,
مَنۡ أَنزَلَ الۡكِتَابَ الَّذِي جَاء بِهِ مُوسَى
(Who then sent down the Book which Musa brought) in reference to the Tawrah that you and all others know that Allah sent down to Musa, son of Imran.
Allah sent the Tawrah as a light and a guidance for people, so that it could shed light on the answers to various disputes, and to guide away from the darkness of doubts.
Allah's statement,
تَجۡعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبۡدُونَهَا وَتُخۡفُونَ كَثِيرًا
which you have made into (separate) paper sheets, disclosing (some of it) and concealing (much).
means, you made the Tawrah into separate sheets which you copied from the original and altered, changed and distorted as you wished. You then said, this is from Allah, meaning it is in the revealed Book of Allah, when in fact, it is not from Allah. This is why Allah said here,
تَجۡعَلُونَهُ قَرَاطِيسَ تُبۡدُونَهَا وَتُخۡفُونَ كَثِيرًا
(which you have made into (separate) paper sheets, disclosing (some of it) and concealing (much)).
Allah said;
وَعُلِّمۡتُم مَّا لَمۡ تَعۡلَمُواۡ أَنتُمۡ وَلَا ابَاوُكُمۡ
And you were taught that which neither you nor your fathers knew.
meaning, Who sent down the Qur'an in which Allah taught you the news of those who were before you and the news of what will come after, that neither you nor your fathers had knowledge of.
Allah's statement,
قُلِ اللّهُ
Say:Allah.
Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn Abbas said,
Meaning, `Say, Allah sent it down.'
Allah said,
ثُمَّ ذَرۡهُمۡ فِي خَوۡضِهِمۡ يَلۡعَبُونَ
Then leave them to play in their vain discussions.
leave them to play in ignorance and misguidance until the true news comes to them from Allah. Then, they will know whether the good end is theirs or for the fearful servants of Allah.
Allah said
وَهَـذَا كِتَابٌ
And this is a Book, (the Qur'an),
أَنزَلۡنَاهُ مُبَارَكٌ مُّصَدِّقُ الَّذِي بَيۡنَ يَدَيۡهِ وَلِتُنذِرَ أُمَّ الۡقُرَى
Blessed, which We have sent down, confirming which came before it, so that you may warn the Mother of Towns,
that is, Makkah,
وَمَنۡ حَوۡلَهَا
and all those around it...
referring to the Arabs and the rest of the children of Adam, Arabs and non-Arabs alike.
Allah said in other Ayat,
قُلۡ يَأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيۡكُمۡ جَمِيعًا
Say:O mankind! Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah. (7:158)
and,
لااٌّنذِرَكُمۡ بِهِ وَمَن بَلَغَ
that I may therewith warn you and whomsoever it may reach. (6:19)
and,
وَمَن يَكۡفُرۡ بِهِ مِنَ الاٌّحۡزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوۡعِدُهُ
but those of the sects who reject it, the Fire will be their promised meeting place. (11:17)
and,
تَبَارَكَ الَّذِى نَزَّلَ الۡفُرۡقَانَ عَلَى عَبۡدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلۡعَـلَمِينَ نَذِيراً
Blessed be He Who sent down the criterion to His servant that he may be a warner to the Alamin (mankind and Jinn). (25:1)
and,
وَقُلۡ لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُواۡ الۡكِتَـبَ وَالاٍّمِّيِّينَ ءَأَسۡلَمۡتُمۡ فَإِنۡ أَسۡلَمُواۡ فَقَدِ اهۡتَدَواۡ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوۡاۡ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيۡكَ الۡبَلَـغُ وَاللَّهُ بَصِيرٌ بِالۡعِبَادِ
And say to those who were given the Scripture and to those who are illiterates:Do you submit yourselves! If they do, they are rightly guided; but if they turn away, your duty is only to convey the Message; and Allah is All-Seer of (His) servants. (3:20)
It is recorded in the Two Sahihs, that the Messenger of Allah said,
أُعۡطِيتُ خَمۡسًا لَمۡ يُعۡطَهُنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنَ الاَۡنۡبِيَاءِ قَبۡلِي
I have been given five things which were not given to any one else before me.
The Prophet mentioned among these five things,
وَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ يُبۡعَثُ إِلَى قَوۡمِهِ خَاصَّةً وَبُعِثۡتُ إِلَى النَّاسِ عَامَّة
Every Prophet was sent only to his nation, but I have been sent to all people.
This is why Allah said,
وَالَّذِينَ يُوۡمِنُونَ بِالاخِرَةِ يُوۡمِنُونَ بِهِ
Those who believe in the Hereafter believe in it,
meaning, those who believe in Allah and the Last Day, believe in this blessed Book, the Qur'an, which We revealed to you, O Muhammad.
وَهُمۡ عَلَى صَلَتِهِمۡ يُحَافِظُونَ
and they are constant in guarding their Salah.
for they perform what Allah ordered them, offering the prayers perfectly and on time.
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