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Ayah
Word by Word
ذَٰلِكَ
That
هُدَى
(is the) Guidance
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
يَهۡدِي
He guides
بِهِۦ
with it
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُ
He wills
مِنۡ
of
عِبَادِهِۦۚ
His slaves
وَلَوۡ
But if
أَشۡرَكُواْ
they (had) associated partners (with Allah)
لَحَبِطَ
surely (would be) worthless
عَنۡهُم
for them
مَّا
what
كَانُواْ
they used to
يَعۡمَلُونَ
do
ذَٰلِكَ
That
هُدَى
(is the) Guidance
ٱللَّهِ
(of) Allah
يَهۡدِي
He guides
بِهِۦ
with it
مَن
whom
يَشَآءُ
He wills
مِنۡ
of
عِبَادِهِۦۚ
His slaves
وَلَوۡ
But if
أَشۡرَكُواْ
they (had) associated partners (with Allah)
لَحَبِطَ
surely (would be) worthless
عَنۡهُم
for them
مَّا
what
كَانُواْ
they used to
يَعۡمَلُونَ
do
Translation
This is the guidance of Allah: He giveth that guidance to whom He pleaseth, of His worshippers. If they were to join other gods with Him, all that they did would be vain for them.
Tafsir
That, religion to which they were guided, is God's guidance wherewith He guides whom He will of His servants; had they, hypothetically speaking, been idolaters, all that they did would have been in vain.
Ibrahim Receives the News of Ishaq and Ya`qub During His Old Age
Allah states that after Ibrahim became old and he, and his wife, Sarah, lost hope of having children, He gave them Ishaq. The angels came to Ibrahim on their way to the people of Prophet Lut (to destroy them) and they delivered the good news of a child to Ibrahim and his wife. Ibrahim's wife was amazed at the news,
قَالَتۡ يوَيۡلَتَا ءَأَلِدُ وَأَنَاۡ عَجُوزٌ وَهَـذَا بَعۡلِى شَيۡخًا إِنَّ هَـذَا لَشَىۡءٌ عَجِيبٌ
قَالُواۡ أَتَعۡجَبِينَ مِنۡ أَمۡرِ اللَّهِ رَحۡمَتُ اللَّهِ وَبَرَكَـتُهُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ أَهۡلَ الۡبَيۡتِ إِنَّهُ حَمِيدٌ مَّجِيدٌ
She said (in astonishment):Woe unto me! Shall I bear a child while I am an old woman, and here is my husband, an old man! Verily! This is a strange thing!
They said:Do you wonder at the decree of Allah The mercy of Allah and His blessings be on you, O the family (of Ibrahim). Surely, He (Allah) is All-Praiseworthy, All-Glorious. (11:72-73)
The angels also gave them the good news that Ishaq will be a Prophet and that he will have offspring of his own.
In another Ayah, Allah said;
وَبَشَّرۡنَـهُ بِإِسۡحَـقَ نَبِيّاً مِّنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ
And We gave him the good news of Ishaq a Prophet from the righteous.(37:112), which perfects this good news and completes the favor.
Allah said,
بِإِسۡحَـقَ وَمِن وَرَاءِ إِسۡحَـقَ يَعۡقُوبَ
(of Ishaq, and after him, of Ya`qub... (11:71),
meaning, this child will have another child in your lifetime, so that your eyes are comforted by him, just as your eyes will be comforted by his father.
Certainly, one becomes jubilant and joyous when he becomes a grandfather, because this means that his offspring will continue to exist.
It was also expected that if an elderly couple had children, due to the child's weakness, he would have no offspring. This is why Allah delivered the good news of Ishaq and of his son Yaqub, whose name literally means `multiplying and having offspring'.
This was a reward for Ibrahim who left his people and migrated from their land so that he could worship Allah alone. Allah compensated Ibrahim with better than his people and tribe when He gave him righteous children of his own, who would follow his religion, so that his eyes would be comforted by them.
In another Ayah, Allah said;
فَلَمَّا اعۡتَزَلَهُمۡ وَمَا يَعۡبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ وَهَبۡنَا لَهُ إِسۡحَـقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ وَكُلًّ جَعَلۡنَا نَبِيّاً
So when he turned away from them and from those whom they worshipped besides Allah, We gave him Ishaq and Yaqub, and each one of them We made a Prophet. (19:49)
Allah said here,
وَوَهَبۡنَا لَهُ إِسۡحَقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ كُلًّ هَدَيۡنَا
And We bestowed upon him Ishaq and Yaqub, each of them We guided,
Allah said;
وَنُوحًا هَدَيۡنَا مِن قَبۡلُ
and before him, We guided Nuh...,
meaning, We guided Nuh before and gave him righteous offspring, just as We guided Ibrahim and gave him righteous children.
Qualities of Nuh and Ibrahim
Each of these two Prophets had special qualities. When Allah caused the people of the earth to drown, except those who believed in Nuh and accompanied him in the ark, Allah made the offspring of Nuh the dwellers of the earth thereafter. Ever since that occurred, the people of the earth were and still are the descendants of Nuh.
As for Ibrahim, Allah did not send a Prophet after him but from his descendants. Allah said in other Ayat,
وَجَعَلۡنَا فِى ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا النُّبُوَّةَ وَالۡكِتَـبَ
And We ordained among his (Ibrahim's) offspring Prophethood and the Book. (29:27)
وَلَقَدۡ أَرۡسَلۡنَا نُوحاً وَإِبۡرَهِيمَ وَجَعَلۡنَا فِى ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا النُّبُوَّةَ وَالۡكِتَـبَ
And indeed, We sent Nuh and Ibrahim, and placed in their offspring Prophethood and the Book. (57:26)
and,
أُولَـيِكَ الَّذِينَ أَنۡعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيۡهِم مِّنَ النَّبِيِّيۡنَ مِن ذُرِّيَّةِ ءادَمَ وَمِمَّنۡ حَمَلۡنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبۡرَهِيمَ وَإِسۡرَءِيلَ وَمِمَّنۡ هَدَيۡنَا وَاجۡتَبَيۡنَأ إِذَا تُتۡلَى عَلَيۡهِمۡ ءايَـتُ الرَّحۡمَـنِ خَرُّواۡ سُجَّداً وَبُكِيّاً
Those were they unto whom Allah bestowed His grace from among the Prophets, of the offspring of Adam, and of those whom We carried (in the ship) with Nuh, and of the offspring of Ibrahim and Israil and from among those whom We guided and chose. When the verses of the Most Beneficent (Allah) were recited unto them, they fell down prostrating and weeping. (19:58)
Allah said in this honorable Ayah here,
وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِ
and among his progeny...
meaning, We guided from among his offspring,
دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيۡمَانَ
Dawud, Suleiman...,
from the offspring of Nuh, according to Ibn Jarir.
It is also possible that the Ayah refers to Ibrahim since it is about him that the blessings were originally mentioned here, although Lut is not from his offspring, for he was Ibrahim's nephew, the son of his brother Maran, the son of Azar. It is possible to say that Lut was mentioned in Ibrahim's offspring as a generalization. As Allah said,
أَمۡ كُنتُمۡ شُهَدَاءَ إِذۡ حَضَرَ يَعۡقُوبَ الۡمَوۡتُ إِذۡ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعۡبُدُونَ مِن بَعۡدِى قَالُواۡ نَعۡبُدُ إِلَـهَكَ وَإِلَـهَ ابَأيِكَ إِبۡرَهِيمَ وَإِسۡمَـعِيلَ وَإِسۡحَـقَ إِلَـهًا وَاحِدًا وَنَحۡنُ لَهُ مُسۡلِمُونَ
Or were you witnesses when death approached Yaqub When he said unto his sons, What will you worship after me!
They said, We shall worship your God, and the God of your fathers, Ibrahim, Ismail, Ishaq, One God, and to Him we submit. (2:133)
Here, Ismail was mentioned among the ascendants of Yaqub, although he was Yaqub's uncle.
Similarly Allah said,
فَسَجَدَ الۡمَلَـيِكَةُ كُلُّهُمۡ أَجۡمَعُونَ
إِلاَّ إِبۡلِيسَ أَبَى أَن يَكُونَ مَعَ السَّـجِدِينَ
So the angels prostrated themselves, all of them together. Except Iblis -- he refused to be among those to prostrate. (15:30-31)
Allah included Iblis in His order to the angels to prostrate, and chastised him for his opposition, all because he was similar to them in that (order), so he was considered among them in general, although he was a Jinn. Iblis was created from fire while the angels were created from light.
Allah says;
وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَى وَهَارُونَ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجۡزِي الۡمُحۡسِنِينَ
وَزَكَرِيَّا وَيَحۡيَى وَعِيسَى وَإِلۡيَاسَ كُلٌّ مِّنَ الصَّالِحِينَ
وَإِسۡمَاعِيلَ وَالۡيَسَعَ وَيُونُسَ وَلُوطًا
وَكُلًّ فضَّلۡنَا عَلَى الۡعَالَمِينَ
Ayub, Yusuf, Musa, and Harun. Thus do We reward the good-doers. And Zakariyya, and Yahya and Isa and Ilyas, each one of them was of the righteous. And Ismail and Al-Yasa`, and Yunus and Lut, and each one of them We preferred above the Alamin (mankind and Jinns, of their times).
Mentioning `Isa in the offspring of Ibrahim, or Nuh as we stated above, is proof that the grandchildren from a man's daughter's side are included among his offspring. `Isa is included among Ibrahim's progeny through his mother, although `Isa did not have a father.
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that;
Abu Harb bin Abi Al-Aswad said,
Al-Hajjaj sent to Yahya bin Ya`mar, saying, `I was told that you claim that Al-Hasan and Al-Hussein are from the offspring of the Prophet, did you find it in the Book of Allah I read the Qur'an from beginning to end and did not find it.'
Yahya said, `Do you not read in Surah Al-An`am,
وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِ دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيۡمَانَ
(and among his progeny Dawud, Sulayman...) until,
وَيَحۡيَى وَعِيسَى
(and Yahya and `Isa...).
Al-Hajjaj said, `Yes.'
Yahya said, `Is not `Isa from the offspring of Ibrahim, although he did not have a father!'
Al-Hajjaj said, `You have said the truth.'
For example, when a man leaves behind a legacy, a trust, or gift to his offspring then the children of his daughters are included. But if a man gives something to his sons, or he leaves a trust behind for them, then that would be particular to his male children and their male children.
Allah's statement
وَمِنۡ ابَايِهِمۡ وَذُرِّيَّاتِهِمۡ وَإِخۡوَانِهِمۡ
And also some of their fathers and their progeny and their brethren,
mentions that some of these Prophets' ascendants and descendants were also guided and chosen.
So Allah said,
وَاجۡتَبَيۡنَاهُمۡ وَهَدَيۡنَاهُمۡ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ
We chose them, and We guided them to a straight path.
Shirk Eradicates the Deeds, Even the Deeds of the Messengers
Allah said next
ذَلِكَ هُدَى اللّهِ يَهۡدِي بِهِ مَن يَشَاء مِنۡ عِبَادِهِ
This is the guidance of Allah with which He guides whomsoever He wills of His servants.
meaning, this occurred to them by Allah's leave and because He directed them to guidance.
Allah said;
وَلَوۡ أَشۡرَكُواۡ لَحَبِطَ عَنۡهُم مَّا كَانُواۡ يَعۡمَلُونَ
But if they had joined in worship others with Allah, all that they used to do would have been of no benefit to them.
This magnifies the serious danger of Shirk and the gravity of committing it.
In another Ayah, Allah said;
وَلَقَدۡ أُوۡحِىَ إِلَيۡكَ وَإِلَى الَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِكَ لَيِنۡ أَشۡرَكۡتَ لَيَحۡبَطَنَّ عَمَلُكَ
And indeed it has been revealed to you, as it was to those (Allah's Messengers) before you:If you join others in worship with Allah, surely your deeds will be in vain. (39:65)
`If' here does not mean that this would ever occur, as is similar in Allah's statement;
قُلۡ إِن كَانَ لِلرَّحۡمَـنِ وَلَدٌ فَأَنَاۡ أَوَّلُ الۡعَـبِدِينَ
Say:If the Most Beneficent had a son, then I am the first of Allah's worshippers. (43:81)
and,
لَوۡ أَرَدۡنَأ أَن نَّتَّخِذَ لَهۡواً لاَّتَّخَذۡنَـهُ مِن لَّدُنَّأ إِن كُنَّا فَـعِلِينَ
If We intended to take a pastime (a wife or a son, etc.) We could surely have taken it from Us, if We were going to do (that). (21:17)
and,
لَّوۡ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَداً لاَّصۡطَفَى مِمَّا يَخۡلُقُ مَا يَشَأءُ سُبۡحَـنَهُ هُوَ اللَّهُ الۡوَحِدُ الۡقَهَّارُ
If Allah willed to take a son, He could have chosen whom He pleased out of those whom He created. But glory be to Him! He is Allah, the One, the Compelling. (39:4)
Allah said
أُوۡلَـيِكَ الَّذِينَ اتَيۡنَاهُمُ الۡكِتَابَ وَالۡحُكۡمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ
They are those whom We gave the Book, Al-Hukm, and Prophethood.
We bestowed these bounties on them, as a mercy for the servants, and out of our kindness for creation.
فَإِن يَكۡفُرۡ بِهَا
But if they disbelieve therein...,
in the Prophethood, or the three things; the Book, the Hukm and the Prophethood,
هَـوُلاء
They...,
According to Ibn Abbas, Sa`id bin Al-Musayyib, Ad-Dahhak, Qatadah, As-Suddi, and others,
refers to the people of Makkah.
فَقَدۡ وَكَّلۡنَا بِهَا قَوۡمًا لَّيۡسُواۡ بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ
then, indeed We have entrusted it to a people who are not disbelievers therein.
This Ayah means, if the Quraysh and the rest of the people of the earth - Arabs and non-Arabs, illiterate and the People of the Scripture - disbelieve in these bounties, then We have entrusted them to another people, the Muhajirun and Ansar, and those who follow their lead until the Day of Resurrection,
لَّيۡسُواۡ بِهَا بِكَافِرِينَ
(who are not disbelievers therein).
They will not deny any of these favors, not even one letter. Rather, they will believe in them totally, even the parts that are not so clear to some of them.
We ask Allah to make us among them by His favor, generosity and kindness.
Addressing His servant and Messenger, Muhammad, Allah said
أُوۡلَـيِكَ
They are...,
the Prophets mentioned here, along with their righteous fathers, offspring and brethren,
الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللّهُ
those whom Allah had guided.
meaning, they alone are the people of guidance,
فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقۡتَدِهۡ
So follow their guidance.
Imitate them.
This command to the Messenger certainly applies to his Ummah, according to what he legislates and commands them.
While mentioning this Ayah, Al-Bukhari recorded that;
Mujahid asked Ibn Abbas, Is there an instance where prostration is warranted in (Surah) Sad?
Ibn Abbas said, Yes.
He then recited,
وَوَهَبۡنَا لَهُ إِسۡحَقَ وَيَعۡقُوبَ
And We bestowed upon him Ishaq and Ya`qub... until,
فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقۡتَدِهۡ
(...So follow their guidance).
He commented,
He (our Prophet, Muhammad) was among them.
In another narration, Mujahid added that Ibn Abbas said,
Your Prophet was among those whose guidance we were commanded to follow.
Allah's statement,
قُل لاَّ أَسۡأَلُكُمۡ عَلَيۡهِ أَجۡرًا
Say:No reward I ask of you for this.
means, I do not ask you for any reward for delivering the Qur'an to you, nor anything else,
إِنۡ هُوَ إِلاَّ ذِكۡرَى لِلۡعَالَمِينَ
It is only a reminder for the Alamin (mankind and Jinns).
so they are reminded by it and guided from blindness to clarity, from misguidance to guidance, and from disbelief to faith.
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