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Ayah
Word by Word
قُلۡ
Say
تَعَالَوۡاْ
Come
أَتۡلُ
I will recite
مَا
what
حَرَّمَ
has prohibited
رَبُّكُمۡ
your Lord
عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ
to you
أَلَّا
That (do) not
تُشۡرِكُواْ
associate
بِهِۦ
with Him
شَيۡـٔٗاۖ
anything
وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ
and with the parents
إِحۡسَٰنٗاۖ
(be) good
وَلَا
and (do) not
تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ
kill
أَوۡلَٰدَكُم
your children
مِّنۡ
(out) of
إِمۡلَٰقٖ
poverty
نَّحۡنُ
We
نَرۡزُقُكُمۡ
provide for you
وَإِيَّاهُمۡۖ
and for them
وَلَا
And (do) not
تَقۡرَبُواْ
go near
ٱلۡفَوَٰحِشَ
[the] immoralities
مَا
what
ظَهَرَ
(is) apparent
مِنۡهَا
of them
وَمَا
and what
بَطَنَۖ
(is) concealed
وَلَا
And (do) not
تَقۡتُلُواْ
kill
ٱلنَّفۡسَ
the soul
ٱلَّتِي
which
حَرَّمَ
has (been) forbidden
ٱللَّهُ
(by) Allah
إِلَّا
except
بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ
by (legal) right
ذَٰلِكُمۡ
That
وَصَّىٰكُم
(He) has enjoined on you
بِهِۦ
with it
لَعَلَّكُمۡ
so that you may
تَعۡقِلُونَ
use reason
قُلۡ
Say
تَعَالَوۡاْ
Come
أَتۡلُ
I will recite
مَا
what
حَرَّمَ
has prohibited
رَبُّكُمۡ
your Lord
عَلَيۡكُمۡۖ
to you
أَلَّا
That (do) not
تُشۡرِكُواْ
associate
بِهِۦ
with Him
شَيۡـٔٗاۖ
anything
وَبِٱلۡوَٰلِدَيۡنِ
and with the parents
إِحۡسَٰنٗاۖ
(be) good
وَلَا
and (do) not
تَقۡتُلُوٓاْ
kill
أَوۡلَٰدَكُم
your children
مِّنۡ
(out) of
إِمۡلَٰقٖ
poverty
نَّحۡنُ
We
نَرۡزُقُكُمۡ
provide for you
وَإِيَّاهُمۡۖ
and for them
وَلَا
And (do) not
تَقۡرَبُواْ
go near
ٱلۡفَوَٰحِشَ
[the] immoralities
مَا
what
ظَهَرَ
(is) apparent
مِنۡهَا
of them
وَمَا
and what
بَطَنَۖ
(is) concealed
وَلَا
And (do) not
تَقۡتُلُواْ
kill
ٱلنَّفۡسَ
the soul
ٱلَّتِي
which
حَرَّمَ
has (been) forbidden
ٱللَّهُ
(by) Allah
إِلَّا
except
بِٱلۡحَقِّۚ
by (legal) right
ذَٰلِكُمۡ
That
وَصَّىٰكُم
(He) has enjoined on you
بِهِۦ
with it
لَعَلَّكُمۡ
so that you may
تَعۡقِلُونَ
use reason
Translation
Say: "Come, I will rehearse what Allah hath (really) prohibited you from": Join not anything as equal with Him; be good to your parents; kill not your children on a plea of want;- We provide sustenance for you and for them;- come not nigh to shameful deeds. Whether open or secret; take not life, which Allah hath made sacred, except by way of justice and law: thus doth He command you, that ye may learn wisdom.
Tafsir
Say: 'Come, I will recite that which your Lord has made a sacred duty for you: that (allaa: [consisting of anlaa] an being explicative) you associate nothing with Him, that you be dutiful to parents, and that you do not slay your children, by burying them alive, because of poverty, destitution, that you may fear - We will provide for you and them - and that you do not draw near any acts of lewdness, grave sins, such as fornication, whether it be manifest or concealed, that is, [acts committed] overtly or in secret, and that you do not slay the life which God has made sacred, except rightfully, as in the case of retaliation, or [as] the prescribed punishment for apostasy, and the stoning of an adulterer. This, which is mentioned, is what He has charged you with, that perhaps you will understand, reflect.
A False Notion and its Rebuttal
Allah tells;
سَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ أَشۡرَكُواۡ
Those who committed Shirk say:
Here Allah mentioned a debate with the idolators, refuting a false notion they have over their Shirk and the things that they prohibited.
They said, surely, Allah has full knowledge of the Shirk we indulge in, and that we forbid some kinds of wealth. Allah is able to change this Shirk by directing us to the faith, - they claimed - and prevent us from falling into disbelief, but He did not do that. Therefore - they said Allah indicated that He willed, decided and agreed that we do all this. They said,
لَوۡ شَاء اللّهُ مَا أَشۡرَكۡنَا وَلَا ابَاوُنَا وَلَا حَرَّمۡنَا مِن شَيۡءٍ
If Allah had willed, we would not have taken partners (in worship) with Him, nor would our fathers, and we would not have forbidden anything.
Allah said in another Ayah,
وَقَالُواۡ لَوۡ شَأءَ الرَّحۡمَـنُ مَا عَبَدۡنَـهُمۡ
And they said:If it had been the will of the Most Gracious (Allah), we should not have worshipped them (false deities). (43:20)
Similar is mentioned in Surah An-Nahl.
Allah said next,
كَذَلِكَ كَذَّبَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبۡلِهِم
Likewise belied those who were before them,
for by using and relying on this understanding, the misguided ones before them were led astray. This notion is false and ungrounded, for had it been true, Allah would not have harmed them, destroyed them, aided His honorable Messengers over them, and made them taste His painful punishment.
حَتَّى ذَاقُواۡ بَأۡسَنَا
till they tasted Our wrath.
قُلۡ هَلۡ عِندَكُم مِّنۡ عِلۡمٍ
Say:Have you any knowledge...
that Allah is pleased with you and with your ways,
فَتُخۡرِجُوهُ لَنَا
that you can produce before us.
and make it plain, apparent and clear for us.
However,
إِن تَتَّبِعُونَ إِلاَّ الظَّنَّ
Verily, you only follow the Zann,
doubts and wishful thinking,
وَإِنۡ أَنتُمۡ إَلاَّ تَخۡرُصُونَ
and you do nothing but lie.
about Allah in the false claims that you utter.
Allah said next,
قُلۡ فَلِلّهِ الۡحُجَّةُ الۡبَالِغَةُ فَلَوۡ شَاء لَهَدَاكُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ
Say:With Allah is the perfect proof and argument; had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.
Allah said to His Prophet;
قُلۡ
Say, (O Muhammad, to them),
فَلِلّهِ الۡحُجَّةُ الۡبَالِغَةُ
With Allah is the perfect proof and argument...,
the perfect wisdom and unequivocal proof to guide whom He wills and misguide whom He wills.
فَلَوۡ شَاء لَهَدَاكُمۡ أَجۡمَعِينَ
had He so willed, He would indeed have guided you all.
All of this happens according to His decree, His will, and His choice. So in this way, He is pleased with the believers, and angry with the disbelievers. Allah said in other Ayat,
وَلَوۡ شَأءَ اللَّهُ لَجَمَعَهُمۡ عَلَى الۡهُدَى
And had Allah willed, He could have gathered them together (all) on true guidance, (6:35)
and,
وَلَوۡ شَأءَ رَبُّكَ لامَنَ مَن فِى الاٌّرۡضِ
And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed, all of them together. (10:99)
and,
وَلَوۡ شَأءَ رَبُّكَ لَجَعَلَ النَّاسَ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً وَلَا يَزَالُونَ مُخۡتَلِفِينَ
إِلاَّ مَن رَّحِمَ رَبُّكَ وَلِذلِكَ خَلَقَهُمۡ وَتَمَّتۡ كَلِمَةُ رَبّكَ لَامۡلَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الۡجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجۡمَعِينَ
And if your Lord had so willed, He could surely have made mankind one Ummah, but they will not cease to disagree. Except him on whom your Lord has bestowed His mercy and for that did He create them. And the Word of your Lord has been fulfilled:Surely, I shall fill Hell with Jinns and men all together. (11:118-119)
Ad-Dahhak said,
No one has an excuse if he disobeys Allah. Surely, Allah has the perfect proof established against His servants.
Allah said
قُلۡ هَلُمَّ شُهَدَاءكُمُ
Say:Bring forward your witnesses,
produce your witnesses,
الَّذِينَ يَشۡهَدُونَ أَنَّ اللّهَ حَرَّمَ هَـذَا
who can testify that Allah has forbidden this.
which you have forbidden and lied and invented about Allah in this regard,
فَإِن شَهِدُواۡ فَلَ تَشۡهَدۡ مَعَهُمۡ
Then if they testify, do not testify with them.
because in this case, their testimony is false and untrue,
وَلَا تَتَّبِعۡ أَهۡوَاء الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواۡ بِأيَاتِنَا وَالَّذِينَ لَا يُوۡمِنُونَ بِالاخِرَةِ وَهُم بِرَبِّهِمۡ يَعۡدِلُونَ
And do not follow the vain desires of those who belie Our Ayat, and such as believe not in the Hereafter, and they hold others as equal with their Lord.
by associating others with Allah in worship and treating them as equals to Him.
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