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Ayah
Word by Word
ذَٰلِكَ
That (is because)
أَن
[that]
لَّمۡ
not
يَكُن
is
رَّبُّكَ
your Lord
مُهۡلِكَ
one who destroys
ٱلۡقُرَىٰ
the cities
بِظُلۡمٖ
for their wrongdoing
وَأَهۡلُهَا
while their people
غَٰفِلُونَ
(are) unaware
ذَٰلِكَ
That (is because)
أَن
[that]
لَّمۡ
not
يَكُن
is
رَّبُّكَ
your Lord
مُهۡلِكَ
one who destroys
ٱلۡقُرَىٰ
the cities
بِظُلۡمٖ
for their wrongdoing
وَأَهۡلُهَا
while their people
غَٰفِلُونَ
(are) unaware
Translation
(The messengers were sent) thus, for thy Lord would not destroy for their wrong-doing men's habitations whilst their occupants were unwarned.
Tafsir
That, sending of the messengers, is because (an, [phonetically] lightened, with the laam [of li-annahu] implied, thus [read as] li-annahu, 'because') your Lord would never destroy the towns through injustice, on their part, while their inhabitants were heedless, not having had any Messenger to make [things] clear to them.
Chastising the Jinns and Humans after their Admission that Allah Sent Messengers to Them
Allah will chastise the disbelieving Jinns and humans on the Day of Resurrection, when He asks them, while having better knowledge, if the Messengers delivered His Messages to them,
يَا مَعۡشَرَ الۡجِنِّ وَالاِنسِ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ رُسُلٌ مِّنكُمۡ
O you assembly of Jinn and humans! Did not there come to you Messengers from among you,
We should note here that the Messengers are from among mankind only, not vice versa, as Mujahid, Ibn Jurayj and others from the Imams of Salaf and later generations have stated. The proof for this is that Allah said,
إِنَّا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَيۡكَ كَمَا أَوۡحَيۡنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِن بَعۡدِهِ
Verily, We have sent the revelation to you as We sent the revelation to Nuh and the Prophets after him. (4:163) until,
رُّسُلً مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ لِيَلَّ يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعۡدَ الرُّسُلِ
Messengers as bearers of good news as well as of warning in order that mankind should have no plea against Allah after the (coming of) Messengers. (4:165)
Allah said, concerning the Prophet Ibrahim,
وَجَعَلۡنَا فِى ذُرِّيَّتِهِ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالۡكِتَـبَ
And We ordained among his offspring Prophethood and the Book. (29:27),
thus sending the Prophethood and the Book exclusively through the offspring of the Prophet Ibrahim. No one has claimed that there were Prophets from among the Jinns before the time of Ibrahim, but not after that.
Allah said,
وَمَأ أَرۡسَلۡنَا قَبۡلَكَ مِنَ الۡمُرۡسَلِينَ إِلاَّ إِنَّهُمۡ لَيَأۡكُلُونَ الطَّعَامَ وَيَمۡشُونَ فِى الاٌّسۡوَاقِ
And We never sent before you any of the Messengers but verily, they ate food and walked in the markets. (25:20)
and,
وَمَأ أَرۡسَلۡنَا مِن قَبۡلِكَ إِلاَّ رِجَالاً نُّوحِى إِلَيۡهِمۡ مِّنۡ أَهۡلِ الۡقُرَى
And We sent not before you any but men unto whom We revealed, from among the people of townships. (12:109)
Therefore, concerning Prophethood, the Jinns follow mankind in this regard and this is why Allah said about them,
وَإِذۡ صَرَفۡنَأ إِلَيۡكَ نَفَراً مِّنَ الۡجِنِّ يَسۡتَمِعُونَ الۡقُرۡءَانَ فَلَمَّا حَضَرُوهُ قَالُواۡ أَنصِتُواۡ فَلَمَّا قُضِىَ وَلَّوۡاۡ إِلَى قَوۡمِهِم مُّنذِرِينَ
قَالُواۡ يقَوۡمَنَأ إِنَّا سَمِعۡنَا كِتَـباً أُنزِلَ مِن بَعۡدِ مُوسَى مُصَدِّقاً لِّمَا بَيۡنَ يَدَيۡهِ يَهۡدِى إِلَى الۡحَقِّ وَإِلَى طَرِيقٍ مُّسۡتَقِيمٍ
يقَوۡمَنَأ أَجِيبُواۡ دَاعِىَ اللَّهِ وَءَامِنُواۡ بِهِ يَغۡفِرۡ لَكُمۡ مِّن ذُنُوبِكُمۡ وَيُجِرۡكُمۡ مِّنۡ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ
وَمَن لاَّ يُجِبۡ دَاعِىَ اللَّهِ فَلَيۡسَ بِمُعۡجِزٍ فِى الاٌّرۡضَ وَلَيۡسَ لَهُ مِن دُونِهِ أَوۡلِيَأءُ أُوۡلَـيِكَ فِى ضَلَـلٍ مُّبِينٍ
And (remember) when We sent towards you a group of the Jinn, listening to the Qur'an. When they stood in the presence thereof, they said:Listen in silence! And when it was finished, they returned to their people, as warners. They said:O our people! Verily, we have heard a Book sent down after Musa, confirming what came before it, it guides to the truth and to the straight way. O our people! Respond to Allah's caller, and believe in him. He (Allah) will forgive you your sins, and will save you from a painful torment (i.e. Hell-fire). And whosoever does not respond to Allah's caller, he cannot escape on earth, and there will be no helpers for him besides Allah. Those are in manifest error. (46:29-32)
A Hadith collected by At-Tirmidhi stated that;
the Messenger of Allah recited Surah Ar-Rahman, to these Jinns, in which Allah said,
سَنَفۡرُغُ لَكُمۡ أَيُّهَا الثَّقَلَنِ
فَبِأَىِّ ءَالاءِ رَبِّكُمَا تُكَذِّبَانِ
We shall attend to you, O you two classes (Jinn and men)! Then which of the blessings of your Lord will you both (Jinn and men) deny! (55:31-32)
Allah said in this honorable Ayah,
يَا مَعۡشَرَ الۡجِنِّ وَالاِنسِ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ رُسُلٌ مِّنكُمۡ
يَقُصُّونَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ ايَاتِي وَيُنذِرُونَكُمۡ لِقَاء يَوۡمِكُمۡ هَـذَا قَالُواۡ شَهِدۡنَا عَلَى أَنفُسِنَا
O you assembly of Jinn and humans! Did not there come to you Messengers from amongst you, reciting unto you My verses and warning you of the meeting of this Day of yours! They will say:We bear witness against ourselves.
meaning, we affirm that the Messengers have conveyed Your Messages to us and warned us about the meeting with You, and that this Day will certainly occur.
Allah said next,
وَغَرَّتۡهُمُ الۡحَيَاةُ الدُّنۡيَا
It was the life of this world that deceived them.
and they wasted their lives and brought destruction to themselves by rejecting the Messengers and denying their miracles. This is because they were deceived by the beauty, adornment and lusts of this life.
وَشَهِدُواۡ عَلَى أَنفُسِهِمۡ
And they will bear witness against themselves,
on the Day of Resurrection,
أَنَّهُمۡ كَانُواۡ كَافِرِينَ
that they were disbelievers...
in this worldly life, rejecting what the Messengers, (may Allah's peace and blessings be on them), brought them
Allah said,
ذَلِكَ أَن لَّمۡ يَكُن رَّبُّكَ مُهۡلِكَ الۡقُرَى بِظُلۡمٍ وَأَهۡلُهَا غَافِلُونَ
This is because your Lord would not destroy the (populations of) towns for their wrongdoing while their people were unaware.
meaning:`We sent the Messengers and revealed the Books to the Jinns and mankind, so that no one has an excuse that he is being punished for his wrongs although he did not receive Allah's Message. Therefore, We did not punish any of the nations, except after sending Messengers to them, so that they have no excuse.'
Allah said in other Ayat,
وَإِن مِّنۡ أُمَّةٍ إِلاَّ خَلَ فِيهَا نَذِيرٌ
And there never was a nation but a warner had passed among them. (35:24)
and,
وَلَقَدۡ بَعَثۡنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولاً أَنِ اعۡبُدُواۡ اللَّهَ وَاجۡتَنِبُواۡ الۡطَّـغُوتَ
And verily, We have sent among every Ummah a Messenger (proclaiming):Worship Allah, and stay away from At-Taghut (all false deities). (16:36)
and,
وَمَا كُنَّا مُعَذِّبِينَ حَتَّى نَبۡعَثَ رَسُولاً
And We never punish until We have sent a Messenger. (17:15)
and,
كُلَّمَا أُلۡقِىَ فِيهَا فَوۡجٌ سَأَلَهُمۡ خَزَنَتُهَأ أَلَمۡ يَأۡتِكُمۡ نَذِيرٌ
قَالُواۡ بَلَى قَدۡ جَأءَنَا نَذِيرٌ فَكَذَّبۡنَا
Every time a group is cast therein, its keeper will ask:Did no warner come to you!
They will say:Yes, indeed a warner did come to us, but we belied him. (67:8-9)
There are many other Ayat on this subject.
Allah's statement
وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُواۡ
For all there will be degrees according to what they did.
At-Tabari said,
means, every person who obeys Allah or behaves disobediently, has grades and ranks according to their works, which Allah gives them as recompense, good for good and evil for evil. I say, it is possible that Allah's statement,
وَلِكُلٍّ دَرَجَاتٌ مِّمَّا عَمِلُواۡ
(For all there will be degrees according to what they did) refers to the disbelievers of the Jinns and mankind who will earn a place in the Fire according to their evil deeds. Allah said,
قَالَ لِكُلٍّ ضِعۡفٌ
(He will say:For each one there is double (torment). (7:38)
and,
الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواۡ وَصَدُّواۡ عَن سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ زِدۡنَـهُمۡ عَذَابًا فَوۡقَ الۡعَذَابِ بِمَا كَانُواۡ يُفۡسِدُونَ
Those who disbelieved and hinder (others) from the path of Allah, for them We will add torment to the torment because they used to spread corruption. (16:88)
Allah said next,
وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا يَعۡمَلُونَ
And your Lord is not unaware of what they do.
Ibn Jarir commented,
All these deeds that they did, O Muhammad, they did while your Lord is aware of them, and He collects and records these deeds with Him, so that He recompenses them when they meet Him and return to Him.
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